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Articles 3211 - 3240 of 4850

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Starch Resin Moisture Level Effect On Injection Molding Processability And Molded Part Mechanical Properties With Pure Starch Resin And Polymer Blends, Jordan M. Ellingson Mar 2013

Starch Resin Moisture Level Effect On Injection Molding Processability And Molded Part Mechanical Properties With Pure Starch Resin And Polymer Blends, Jordan M. Ellingson

Theses and Dissertations

The current and forecasted global consumption of plastic packaging and products through the 21st century combined with the already reported and growing negative impact of plastics on the environment due to plastics being synthesized from nonrenewable resources that do not biodegrade is of serious concern. However, recent advances in starch technology including the development of thermoplastic starch (TPS) materials —polymers that are both renewable and biodegradable—have brought hope to reducing this impact. The mechanical properties of thermoplastic starch have often been improved by blending with synthetic polymers. One issue that arises with blending is volatilization of the melt from moisture …

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Advanced
 Biological 
And 
Biomedical 
Applications 
In 
Electrical 
Engineering, Dr. Neal K. Bangerter, Dr. Brian A. Mazzeo Mar 2013

Advanced
 Biological 
And 
Biomedical 
Applications 
In 
Electrical 
Engineering, Dr. Neal K. Bangerter, Dr. Brian A. Mazzeo

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The 
aim 
of 
the 
awarded 
MEG 
grant
 was 
to
 provide
 seed 
funding 
to 
establish
 a
 mentorship 
program 
for
 undergraduate 
students 
wishing
 to
 prepare 
for 
careers 
or 
graduate
 work 
in 
biological
 or 
biomedical
 applications 
of 
electrical
 engineering. 

Such
 a 
program
 has 
been
notably 
absent
in
 the
 College 
of
 Engineering 
at
 BYU.

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Location-Allocation Optimization Of Supply Chain Distribution Networks: A Case Study, Mark Nicholas Helberg Mar 2013

Location-Allocation Optimization Of Supply Chain Distribution Networks: A Case Study, Mark Nicholas Helberg

Theses and Dissertations

The location of distribution centers is an important strategic decision in supply chain design, particularly as it relates to service quality, productivity, and profitability of the firm. There has been extensive research performed on distribution location models which require the use of complex algorithms and assumptions that make use of these models difficult in practice for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) that have limited capital and resources. Studies have also failed to capture and quantify potential business results of using more sophisticated methods. In this study, a deterministic and static location-allocation model is designed using a prototype software tool. The …

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Entropic Depletion Of Dna In Triangular Nanochannels, Wesley F. Reinhart, Douglas R. Tree, Kevin D. Dorfman Mar 2013

Entropic Depletion Of Dna In Triangular Nanochannels, Wesley F. Reinhart, Douglas R. Tree, Kevin D. Dorfman

Faculty Publications

Using Monte Carlo simulations of a touching-bead model of double-stranded DNA, we show that DNA extension is enhanced in isosceles triangular nanochannels (relative to a circular nanochannel of the same effective size) due to entropic depletion in the channel corners. The extent of the enhanced extension depends non-monotonically on both the accessible area of the nanochannel and the apex angle of the triangle. We also develop a metric to quantify the extent of entropic depletion, thereby collapsing the extension data for circular, square, and various triangular nanochannels onto a single master curve for channel sizes in the transition between the …

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A Steady-State Detection (Ssd) Algorithm To Detect Non-Stationary Drifts In Processes, Jeff Kelly, John Hedengren Mar 2013

A Steady-State Detection (Ssd) Algorithm To Detect Non-Stationary Drifts In Processes, Jeff Kelly, John Hedengren

Faculty Publications

Detecting windows or intervals of when a continuous process is operating in a state of steadiness is useful especially when steady-state models are being used to optimize the process or plant on-line or in real-time. The term steady-state implies that the process is operating around some stable point or within some stationary region where it must be assumed that the accumulation or rate-of-change of material, energy and momentum is statistically insignificant or negligible. This new approach is to assume the null-hypothesis that the process is stationary about its mean subject to independent and identically distributed random error or shocks (white-noise) …

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Quantifying The Nonlinear, Anisotropic Material Response Of Spinal Ligaments, Daniel J. Robertson Feb 2013

Quantifying The Nonlinear, Anisotropic Material Response Of Spinal Ligaments, Daniel J. Robertson

Theses and Dissertations

Spinal ligaments may be a significant source of chronic back pain, yet they are often disregarded by the clinical community due to a lack of information with regards to their material response, and innervation characteristics. The purpose of this dissertation was to characterize the material response of spinal ligaments and to review their innervation characteristics.


Review of relevant literature revealed that all of the major spinal ligaments are innervated. They cause painful sensations when irritated and provide reflexive control of the deep spinal musculature. As such, including the neurologic implications of iatrogenic ligament damage in the evaluation of surgical procedures …

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Covariance Modeling And Space-Time Coding For Mimo Systems, Farnaz Karimdady Sharifabad Feb 2013

Covariance Modeling And Space-Time Coding For Mimo Systems, Farnaz Karimdady Sharifabad

Theses and Dissertations

The full spatial covariance matrix of the multiple input multiple-output (MIMO) channel is an important quantity in channel modeling, communication system signal processing, and performance analysis, and therefore this matrix forms the heart of the research outlined in this dissertation. The work begins with an investigation of a generalized framework for computing the full MIMO spatial covariance based on the power angular spectrum (PAS) of the multipath field and the transmit and receive antenna element radiation patterns. For the case of uniform linear arrays and when the PAS clusters satisfy uniform, truncated Gaussian, or truncated Laplacian distributions, a series expansion …

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Directional Electric Field Sensing Using Slab Coupled Optical Fiber Sensors, Daniel Theodore Perry Feb 2013

Directional Electric Field Sensing Using Slab Coupled Optical Fiber Sensors, Daniel Theodore Perry

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis provides the details of a multi-axis electric field sensor. The sensing element consists of three slab coupled optical fiber sensors that are combined to allow directional electric field sensing. The packaged three-axis sensor has a small cross-sectional area of 0.5 cm x 0.5 cm achieved by using an x-cut crystal. The method is described that uses a sensitivity-matrix approach to map the measurements to field components. The calibration and testing are described resulting in an average error of 1.5º.This work also includes a description of the packaging method used as well as a thorough analysis of the directional …

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Objectives And Constraints For Wind Turbine Optimization, Andrew Ning, Rick Damiani, Patrick Moriarty Feb 2013

Objectives And Constraints For Wind Turbine Optimization, Andrew Ning, Rick Damiani, Patrick Moriarty

Faculty Publications

Efficient extraction of wind energy is a complex multidisciplinary process. This paper examines common objectives used in wind turbine optimization problems. The focus is not on the specific optimized designs, but rather on understanding when certain objectives and constraints are necessary, and what their limitations are. Maximizing annual energy production, or even using sequential aero/structural optimization, is shown to be significantly suboptimal compared to integrated aero/structural metrics. Minimizing the ratio of turbine mass to annual energy production can be effective for fixed rotor diameter designs, as long as the tower mass is estimated carefully. For variable diameter designs, the predicted …

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Exploring The Mechanisms Of Dna Hybridization On A Surface, Terry J. Schmitt, J Brandon Rogers, Thomas A. Knotts Iv Jan 2013

Exploring The Mechanisms Of Dna Hybridization On A Surface, Terry J. Schmitt, J Brandon Rogers, Thomas A. Knotts Iv

Faculty Publications

DNA microarrays are a potentially disruptive technology in the medical field, but their use in such settings is limited by poor reliability. Microarrays work on the principle of hybridization and can only be as reliable as this process is robust, yet little is known at the molecular level about how the surface affects the hybridization process. This work uses advanced molecular simulation techniques and an experimentally parameterized coarse-grain model to determine the mechanism by which hybridization occurs on surfaces. The results show that hybridization proceeds through a mechanism where the untethered (target) strand often flips orientation. For evenly lengthed strands, …

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Analysis Of Integrated Engineering And Social Science Approaches For Projects In Developing Communities, Parry F. Garff, Eric C. Dahlin, Carol Ward, Randy Lewis Jan 2013

Analysis Of Integrated Engineering And Social Science Approaches For Projects In Developing Communities, Parry F. Garff, Eric C. Dahlin, Carol Ward, Randy Lewis

Faculty Publications

Current design methods such as appropriate technology, human-centered design, and participatory design are intended to generate development projects that resonate with users in communities in developing countries. These approaches are extremely useful, but often lack adequate documentation about how to collect data on and incorporate users feedback into the project’s design. To address this gap, we introduced social science research methods into a service-learning course for undergraduate engineering students, which culminated in a trip to the communities for whom they were designing, to help students incorporate user feedback into the design of their projects. This paper documents our efforts. One …

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Characterization Of Macromolecular Structure Of Pyrolysis Products From A Colorado Green River Oil Shale, James L. Hillier, Thomas H. Fletcher, Mark S. Solum, Ronald J. Pugmire Jan 2013

Characterization Of Macromolecular Structure Of Pyrolysis Products From A Colorado Green River Oil Shale, James L. Hillier, Thomas H. Fletcher, Mark S. Solum, Ronald J. Pugmire

Faculty Publications

Volatile products from an oil shale from the Colorado Green River formation were studied by several methods. The oil shale was demineralized, and the resulting kerogen was also chemically analyzed. Both the oil shale and the demineralized kerogen were pyrolyzed at 10 K/min, and the pyrolysis products (light gas, tar, and char) were analyzed using 13C NMR, XPS, GC/MS, and FTIR. Low temperature ashing was performed in order to compare pyrolysis yields of oil shale and demineralized kerogen on a dry ash-free basis. Volatile yields of approximately 75% were achieved in an oil shale retort and 79% in the kerogen …

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Prediction Of Sawdust Pyrolysis Yields From A Flat-Flame Burner Using The Cpd Model, Aaron D. Lewis, Thomas H. Fletcher Jan 2013

Prediction Of Sawdust Pyrolysis Yields From A Flat-Flame Burner Using The Cpd Model, Aaron D. Lewis, Thomas H. Fletcher

Faculty Publications

High heating rate pyrolysis experiments were performed on a softwood sawdust in a flat-flame burner reactor at temperatures from 1163 to 1433 K with particle residence times ranging from 23 to 102 ms at atmospheric pressure. Volatile yields of the 45−75 μm sawdust were measured and are believed to be similar to those that would occur in an industrial entrained-flow combustor or gasifier. A refractory tar yield near 1.5 wt % (dry, ash-free) was measured. A high percentage of the fully pyrolyzed sawdust char was spherical, having lost the original sawdust structure. It is suggested that the morphology of sawdust …

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Final Report: Multipath Modeling And Mitigation Using Multiple Antennas (M4a), Michael Rice Jan 2013

Final Report: Multipath Modeling And Mitigation Using Multiple Antennas (M4a), Michael Rice

Faculty Publications

This report documents the effort under contract W900KK-09-C-0016. The contract comprised four phases spanning 15 April 2009 to 1 December 2012. The relationship between the effort associated with each phase and the contents of this report are as follows: Phase 1 was devoted exclusively to the channel sounding experiments with the UH-1H helicopter. The experimental setup, procedure, and results for the channel sounding experiments at Cairns Army Airfield and Patuxent River are described in Chapter 2. Good, usable data at upper L-band was captured during the Cairns Army Airfield experiments. Phase 2 was devoted to the channel sounding experiments with …

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Electrochemical Explanation For Asymmetric Electrowetting Response, Mehdi Khodayari, Nathan B. Crane, Alex A. Volinsky Jan 2013

Electrochemical Explanation For Asymmetric Electrowetting Response, Mehdi Khodayari, Nathan B. Crane, Alex A. Volinsky

Faculty Publications

In electrowetting, a droplet/substrate contact angle is modulated by applying a potential difference between the droplet and the substrate. Typically, the droplet potential is changed via an auxiliary electrode dipped in the droplet. Here, it is shown that electrochemical reactions lead to a potential drop on the auxiliary electrode in electrowetting, which degrades the droplet contact angle modulation. The magnitude of this effect depends on the voltage polarity. This problem can be addressed by using a dielectric layer, such as SiO2, which can prevent electrochemical reactions with the electrowetting substrate and the auxiliary electrode.

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Coal Char-Co2 Gasification Measurements And Modeling In A Pressurized Flat-Flame Burner, Randy C. Shurtz, Thomas H. Fletcher Jan 2013

Coal Char-Co2 Gasification Measurements And Modeling In A Pressurized Flat-Flame Burner, Randy C. Shurtz, Thomas H. Fletcher

Faculty Publications

A pressurized flat-flame burner (PFFB) was used to conduct coal gasification studies. The PFFB was designed to provide an environment with laminar, dispersed entrained flow, with particle heating rates of ∼105 K/s, pressures of up to 15 atm, and gas temperatures of up to 2000 K. Residence times were varied from 30 to 700 ms in this study. Char gasification studies by CO2 were conducted on a subbituminous coal and 4 bituminous coals in the PFFB. Pressures of 5, 10, and 15 atm were used with gas compositions of 20, 40, and 90 mol % CO2. Gas conditions with peak …

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Time-Dependent Deposition Characteristics Of Fine Coal Fly Ash In A Laboratory Gas Turbine Environment, Robert Laycock, Thomas H. Fletcher Jan 2013

Time-Dependent Deposition Characteristics Of Fine Coal Fly Ash In A Laboratory Gas Turbine Environment, Robert Laycock, Thomas H. Fletcher

Faculty Publications

Time-dependent deposition characteristics of fine coal fly ash were measured in the Turbine Accelerated Deposition Facility (TADF) at Brigham Young University. Two samples of subbituminous coal fly ash, with mass mean diameters of 3 and 13 microns, were entrained in a hot gas flow with a gas temperature of 1288 C and Mach number of 0.25. A nickel-based, superalloy metal coupon approximately 0.3 cm thick was held in a hot particle-laden gas stream to simulate deposition in a gas turbine. Tests were conducted with deposition times of 20, 40, and 60 min. Capture efficiencies and surface roughness characteristics (e.g., Ra) …

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Techno- Economic Analysis Of Wastewater Biosolids Gasification, Jason M. Porter, Nick Lumley, Robert Braun, Tzahi Cath, Ana Prietro, Dotti Ramey, Greta Buschmann Jan 2013

Techno- Economic Analysis Of Wastewater Biosolids Gasification, Jason M. Porter, Nick Lumley, Robert Braun, Tzahi Cath, Ana Prietro, Dotti Ramey, Greta Buschmann

Faculty Publications

Wastewater treatment biosolids, commonly referred to as sludge, is a dilute suspension of micro-organisms, noxious organic matter, and mineral species in up to 99% water. Sludge is produced at about 250 mg/L of mixed municipal and light industrial wastewater treated. Management of this process stream can present a financial and environmental challenge for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), accounting for up to 15% of plant energy consumption. Operators of small urban WWTPs see the greatest challenge as their operations do not benefit from economies of scale, which permit larger facilities to absorb the costs or footprint of anaerobic digestion. This work …

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Supercritical Co2 Brayton Cycles For Solar-Thermal Energy, Brian D. Iverson, Thomas M. Conboy, James J. Pasch, Alan M. Kruizenga Jan 2013

Supercritical Co2 Brayton Cycles For Solar-Thermal Energy, Brian D. Iverson, Thomas M. Conboy, James J. Pasch, Alan M. Kruizenga

Faculty Publications

Of the mechanisms to improve efficiency for solar-­‐thermal power plants, one of the most effective ways to improve overall efficiency is through power cycle improvements. As increases in operating temperature continue to be pursued, supercritical CO2 Brayton cycles begin to look more attractive despite the development costs of this technology. Further, supercritical CO2 Brayton has application in many areas of power generation beyond that for solar energy alone.

One challenge particular to solar-­‐thermal power generation is the transient nature of the solar resource. This work illustrates the behavior of developmental Brayton turbomachinery in response to a fluctuating thermal input, much …

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Structural Design Of Flexible Etfe Atrium Enclosures Using A Cable-Spring Support System, Ryan Paul Bessey Dec 2012

Structural Design Of Flexible Etfe Atrium Enclosures Using A Cable-Spring Support System, Ryan Paul Bessey

Theses and Dissertations

This research designed and analyzed an innovative structural support system for ETFE (ethylene tetrafluoroethylene) atrium roofs between buildings. A cable-spring system was conceived, which is much lighter and more flexible than arches, frames, trusses, and beams which usually support ETFE roofs. Flexibility was a desirable property because the displacements may vary significantly among the buildings supporting the ETFE atrium roof during wind and seismic loading. The springs in the cable-spring system allow large differential displacements without exerting large support reactions on the buildings. The flexibility of the cable-spring system was compared to the cable-strut system which is used to support …

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Complexity Of Bed-Load Transport In Gravel Bed Streams: Data Collection, Prediction, And Analysis, Darren D. Hinton Dec 2012

Complexity Of Bed-Load Transport In Gravel Bed Streams: Data Collection, Prediction, And Analysis, Darren D. Hinton

Theses and Dissertations

Bedload transport has long been known for its complexity. Despite decades of research, significant gaps of understanding exist in the ability to assess and predict bedload movement. This work introduces a comprehensive bedload database that is a compilation of field samples collected over the past 40 years; compares prediction formulae using a subset of the database; evaluates the influence of the armor layer on stream response to sediment input based on a hypothesis linked to one of the tested formulae, presents a mathematically manipulation of the empirical Pagosa Good/Fair formula for bedload transport into a format similar to the semi-empirical …

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Methods For Identifying Acoustic Emissions From The Front Face Of A Small Piezoelectric Blower, Brad K. Solomon Dec 2012

Methods For Identifying Acoustic Emissions From The Front Face Of A Small Piezoelectric Blower, Brad K. Solomon

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis focuses on identifying acoustic noise generating components in piezoelectric blowers through transverse velocity measurements and the development of a numerical fluid model. Piezoelectric ceramics have proven useful for many industries and areas of research involving: high precision actuators, noise control, ultrasonic devices, and many other areas. As of late, a unique adaptation of piezoelectric ceramics is surfacing in the area of pumping and cooling. Air pumps that use these ceramics replace the traditional electric motor, resulting in lower power consumption, less moving parts, constant pressure gradients, lower overall weight, and a low profile. The current drawback of this …

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Reliability Techniques For Data Communication And Storage In Fpga-Based Circuits, Yubo Li Dec 2012

Reliability Techniques For Data Communication And Storage In Fpga-Based Circuits, Yubo Li

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation studies the effects of radiation-induced single-event upsets (SEUs) on field-programmable gate array(FPGA)-based circuits. It analyzes and quantifies a special case in data communication, that is, the synchronization issue of signals when they are sent across clock domains in triple modular redundancy (TMR) circuits with the presence of SEUs. After demonstrating that synchronizing errors cannot be eliminated in such case, this dissertation continues to present novel synchronizer designs that can guarantee reliable synchronization of triplicated signals. Fault injection tests then show that the proposed synchronizers provide between 6 and 10 orders of magnitude longer mean time to failure (MTTF) …

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The Effects Of Freestream Turbulence On Serpentine Diffuser Distortion Patterns, Jesse Scott Johnson Dec 2012

The Effects Of Freestream Turbulence On Serpentine Diffuser Distortion Patterns, Jesse Scott Johnson

Theses and Dissertations

Serpentine diffusers have become a common feature in modern aircraft as they allow for certain benefits that are impossible with a traditional linear configuration. With the benefits, however, come certain disadvantages, namely flow distortions that reduce engine efficiency and decrease engine surge stability margins. These distortions are now being researched comprehensively to determine solutions for mitigating the adverse effects associated with them. This study investigates how varying the freestream turbulence intensity of the flow entering a serpentine diffuser affects the distortion patterns that are produced by the diffuser. Experiments were performed with a model serpentine diffuser on the Annular Cascade …

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Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium Of Biodiesel Components, Joseph C. Bell Dec 2012

Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium Of Biodiesel Components, Joseph C. Bell

Theses and Dissertations

Biodiesel is produced from vegetable oils through transesterification. Triglyceride mixtures extracted from oilseed feedstocks are upgraded by reaction with an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst to produce fatty acid esters. This reaction produces a mixture of esters, glycerin, alcohol, and catalyst. Separation of the fatty acid esters (biodiesel) and glycerin can be accomplished through liquid-liquid extraction by water addition. Designing liquid-liquid extraction with water as the solvent requires ternary liquid-liquid equilibrium data for mixtures of water, glycerin, and fatty acid esters. Ternary mixture LLE data have been experimentally measured for several of these systems. Those measured include mixtures …

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Best Practices Using Building Information Modeling In Commercial Construction, Simon Beveridge Dec 2012

Best Practices Using Building Information Modeling In Commercial Construction, Simon Beveridge

Theses and Dissertations

There has been an increase in adoption of building information modeling (BIM) by commercial contractors over the past few years but there is not a clear indication of current application or the frequency of each use. This research was undertaken to determine the frequency and best practices of using BIM in commercial construction. Leading commercial contracting firms were contacted and employees were selected to complete a telephone survey that was designed to determine how they are using BIM. It was found that BIM is being used with more frequency on projects, with plans to continue to implement it even further …

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Efficient Estimation For Small Multi-Rotor Air Vehicles Operating In Unknown, Indoor Environments, John Charles Macdonald Dec 2012

Efficient Estimation For Small Multi-Rotor Air Vehicles Operating In Unknown, Indoor Environments, John Charles Macdonald

Theses and Dissertations

In this dissertation we present advances in developing an autonomous air vehicle capable of navigating through unknown, indoor environments. The problem imposes stringent limits on the computational power available onboard the vehicle, but the environment necessitates using 3D sensors such as stereo or RGB-D cameras whose data requires significant processing. We address the problem by proposing and developing key elements of a relative navigation scheme that moves as many processing tasks as possible out of the time-critical functions needed to maintain flight. We present in Chapter 2 analysis and results for an improved multirotor helicopter state estimator. The filter generates …

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Vibrotactile Feedback Generation Using Envelope Waveforms And Eccentric-Mass Motors, Michael G. Plooster Dec 2012

Vibrotactile Feedback Generation Using Envelope Waveforms And Eccentric-Mass Motors, Michael G. Plooster

Theses and Dissertations

The usefulness of vibrotactile feedback as a channel to communicate information has been widely recognized. However, most of the recent work on this subject uses actuators that are either too expensive or too large for many practical applications. This thesis explores the generation of vibrotacatile feedback patterns using a simple, inexpensive eccentric-mass motor that is constrained to use a constant voltage and a low on/off switching frequency. In particular, it explores the pulse timing method, which utilizes the slow transient response of the eccentric-mass motor to calculate pulse and rest times for an arbitrary envelope waveform shape. Several hardware tests …

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Streamlined Extract Preparation For E. Coli-Based Cell-Free Protein Synthesis And Rapid Site-Specific Incorporation Of Unnatural Amino Acids In Proteins, Prashanta Shrestha Dec 2012

Streamlined Extract Preparation For E. Coli-Based Cell-Free Protein Synthesis And Rapid Site-Specific Incorporation Of Unnatural Amino Acids In Proteins, Prashanta Shrestha

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis reports the viability of E. coli cell extracts prepared using equipment that is both common to biotechnology laboratories and able to process small volume samples and expression of proteins containing unnatural amino acids (UAAs) at higher level using PCR amplified linear DNA templates (LETs) in cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) system. E. coli-based cell extracts are a vital component of inexpensive and high-yielding CFPS reactions. However, effective preparation of E. coli cell extract is limited to high-pressure homogenizers (French press style or impinge-style) or bead mill homogenizers, which all require a significant capital investment. This work specifically assessed the …

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Internal Wave Generation Over Rough, Sloped Topography: An Experimental Study, Lauren Elizabeth Eberly Dec 2012

Internal Wave Generation Over Rough, Sloped Topography: An Experimental Study, Lauren Elizabeth Eberly

Theses and Dissertations

Internal waves exist everywhere in stratified fluids - fluids whose density changes with depth. The two largest bodies of stratified fluid are the atmosphere and ocean. Internal waves are generated from a variety of mechanisms. One common mechanism is wind forcing over repeated sinusoidal topography, like a series of hills. When modeling these waves, linear theory has been employed due to its ease and low computational cost. However, recent research has shown that non-linear effects, such as boundary layer separation, may have a dramatic impact on wave generation. This research has consisted of experimentation on sloped, sinusoidal hills. As of …

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