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Articles 2671 - 2700 of 4850
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Quaternion Based Attitude Error For A Tailsitter In Hover Flight, Timothy Mclain, Matthew E. Argyle, Jason M. Beach, Randall W. Beard, Stephen Morris
Quaternion Based Attitude Error For A Tailsitter In Hover Flight, Timothy Mclain, Matthew E. Argyle, Jason M. Beach, Randall W. Beard, Stephen Morris
Faculty Publications
The tailsitter is a promising airframe that can take off and land on its tail and transition to level flight. While this ability provides vertical takeoff and landing capabilities with no additional moving parts, it introduces interesting control challenges. In this paper, we look at the attitude control system of a tailsitter in hover flight and show that the behaviour of the aircraft relies on the method used to compute the attitude error. We investigate three different methods of computing the attitude error, quaternion feedback, resolved tilt twist, and the resolved Euler angles, and compare them through simulated hover flight.
Tailsitter Heading Estimation Using A Magnetometer, Timothy Mclain, Jason M. Beach, Matthew E. Argyle, Randall W. Beard, Stephen Morris
Tailsitter Heading Estimation Using A Magnetometer, Timothy Mclain, Jason M. Beach, Matthew E. Argyle, Randall W. Beard, Stephen Morris
Faculty Publications
The tailsitter aircraft merges the endurance and speed of fixed-wing aircraft with the flexibility and VTOL abilities of rotorcraft. Typical control and estimation schemes make assumptions about the maximum attitude an aircraft will experience that are not valid for tailsitters. This paper discusses the limitations of a typical EKF magnetometer measurement update that uses Euler angles. It is shown how to use a second set of Euler angles to avoid gimbal lock. A method is given that bypasses the use of Euler angles altogether and directly uses the quaternion to determine heading error and update the attitude estimate. This method …
Analysis Of The Conduction-Radiation Problem In Absorbing, Emitting, Non-Gray Planar Media Using An Exact Method, Travis J. Moore, Matthew R. Jones
Analysis Of The Conduction-Radiation Problem In Absorbing, Emitting, Non-Gray Planar Media Using An Exact Method, Travis J. Moore, Matthew R. Jones
Faculty Publications
Systems in which both conduction and radiation are the dominant modes of heat transfer are important in many engineering applications and various numerical methods exist to analyze such systems. An exact solution to the conduction–radiation problem in a one-dimensional, planar, absorbing, emitting, non-gray medium is presented. The method uses an integrating factor to solve the radiative transfer equation and variation of parameters is used to solve the energy equation. The model is verified by comparing the temperature profiles calculated from this work to those found using numerical methods for both gray and non-gray cases.
New Advances In Post-Installed Subsea Monitoring Systems For Structural And Flow Assurance Evaluation, Reza Asgharzadeh Shishavan, David Brower, John Hedengren, Alexis Brower
New Advances In Post-Installed Subsea Monitoring Systems For Structural And Flow Assurance Evaluation, Reza Asgharzadeh Shishavan, David Brower, John Hedengren, Alexis Brower
Faculty Publications
An overview of fiber optic sensors for temperature, pressure, strain, and fatigue of subsea structures is provided. Current progress details efforts to ensure proper installation and bonding to existing risers, flow-lines, mooring lines, trees, and other structures in actual subsea environments. Developments include clamp prototypes, bonding techniques, long-term fatigue analysis, sensor calibration, and temperature compensation. Fiber optic technology in subsea monitoring began over 20 years ago by migrating expertise from decommissioning of rocket motors. The first installations were on new installations of subsea pipelines, production risers, and drilling risers to measure strain and vibration for fatigue life monitoring. Of particular …
Validation Of A Modified Version Of Overflow 2.2 For Use With Turbomachinery Under Clean And Total Pressure Distorted Conditions And A Study Of Blade Loading In Distortion, Matthew L. Marshall
Validation Of A Modified Version Of Overflow 2.2 For Use With Turbomachinery Under Clean And Total Pressure Distorted Conditions And A Study Of Blade Loading In Distortion, Matthew L. Marshall
Theses and Dissertations
Inlet distortion is an important consideration in fan performance. Distortion can be generated through flight conditions and airframe-engine interfaces. The focus of this paper is a series of high-fidelity, time-accurate Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of a multistage fan, investigating distortion transfer, distortion generation, and the underlying flow physics under different operating conditions. The simulations are full annulus and include 3 stages and the inlet guide vane (IGV). The code used to carry out these simulations is a modified version of Overflow2.2 that was developed as part of the Computational Research and Engineering Acquisition Tools and Environment (CREATE) program. The …
Automatic Evaluation Of Multidisciplinary Derivatives Using A Graph-Based Problem Formulation In Openmdao, Justin Gray, Tristan Hearn, Kenneth Moore, John Hwang, Joaquim Martins, Andrew Ning
Automatic Evaluation Of Multidisciplinary Derivatives Using A Graph-Based Problem Formulation In Openmdao, Justin Gray, Tristan Hearn, Kenneth Moore, John Hwang, Joaquim Martins, Andrew Ning
Faculty Publications
The optimization of multidisciplinary systems with respect to large numbers of design variables is best pursued using a gradient-based optimization together with a method that efficiently evaluates coupled derivatives, such as the coupled adjoint method. However, implementing such a method in a problem with more than a few disciplines is time consuming and error prone. To address this issue, we develop an automated procedure for assembling and solving the coupled derivative equations that takes into account the disciplinary couplings using the interdisciplinary dependency graph of the problem. The coupled derivatives can be computed completely analytically, if analytic derivatives are available …
Understanding The Benefits And Limitations Of Increasing Maximum Rotor Tip Speed For Utility-Scale Wind Turbines, Andrew Ning
Understanding The Benefits And Limitations Of Increasing Maximum Rotor Tip Speed For Utility-Scale Wind Turbines, Andrew Ning
Faculty Publications
For utility-scale wind turbines, the maximum rotor rotation speed is generally constrained by noise considerations. Innovations in acoustics and/or siting in remote locations may enable future wind turbine designs to operate with higher tip speeds. Wind turbines designed to take advantage of higher tip speeds are expected to be able to capture more energy and utilize lighter drivetrains because of their decreased maximum torque loads. However, the magnitude of the potential cost savings is unclear, and the potential trade-offs with rotor and tower sizing are not well understood. A multidisciplinary, system-level framework was developed to facilitate wind turbine and wind …
High Fidelity Time Accurate Cfd Analysis Of A Multi-Stage Turbofan At Various Operating Points In Distorted Inflow, David Bruce Weston
High Fidelity Time Accurate Cfd Analysis Of A Multi-Stage Turbofan At Various Operating Points In Distorted Inflow, David Bruce Weston
Theses and Dissertations
Inlet distortion is an important consideration in fan performance. Distortion can be caused through flight conditions and airframe-engine interfaces. The focus of this paper is a series of high-fidelity time accurate Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of a multistage fan. These investigate distortion transfer and generation as well as the underlying flow physics of these phenomena under different operating conditions. The simulations are performed on the full annulus of a 3 stage fan. The code used to carry out these simulations is a modified version of OVERFLOW 2.2 developed as part of the Computational Research and Engineering Acquisition Tools and …
Aerodynamic Improvements For Auto-Carrying Railcars, Robert Arthur Condie
Aerodynamic Improvements For Auto-Carrying Railcars, Robert Arthur Condie
Theses and Dissertations
The railroad industry is responsible for the mass transport of a vast numbers of goods throughout the United States. As needs and capabilities of the railroad industry have changed, the interest in reducing the resistance of locomotives and railcars has increased. This has become paramount as fuel prices have increased in recent years. Resistant forces can result from friction in mechanical components and aerodynamic drag of the moving train. As the average traveling speeds of trains have increased, aerodynamics are contributing a larger fraction of the overall resistance. For this reason, the aerodynamic profiles of trains have become a topic …
The Odijk Regime In Slits, Douglas R. Tree, Wesley F. Reinhart, Kevin D. Dorfman
The Odijk Regime In Slits, Douglas R. Tree, Wesley F. Reinhart, Kevin D. Dorfman
Faculty Publications
De Gennes’ blob theory has been remarkably successful at describing weakly confined polymers in both slits and channels, and comparable results surround Odijk’s theory of deflection segments for strongly confined wormlike polymers in nanochannels. However, given the success of Odijk’s theory in channels, it is remarkable that there is no comprehensive theory for the simple case of a wormlike polymer strongly confined between two parallel plates. We propose such a theory by drawing inspiration from the existing literature on ideal wormlike chains in slits and Daoud and de Gennes’ idea of mapping a slit-confined chain to a two-dimensional chain. We …
Piezoresistive Sensing Of Bistable Micro Mechanism State, Jeffrey K. Anderson, Larry L. Howell, Jonathan W. Wittwer, Timothy W. Mclain
Piezoresistive Sensing Of Bistable Micro Mechanism State, Jeffrey K. Anderson, Larry L. Howell, Jonathan W. Wittwer, Timothy W. Mclain
Faculty Publications
The objective of this work is to demonstrate the feasibility of on-chip sensing of bistable mechanism state using the piezoresistive properties of polysilicon, thus eliminating the need for electrical contacts. Changes in position are detected by observing changes in resistance across the mechanism. Sensing the state of bistable mechanisms is critical for various applications, including high-acceleration sensing arrays and alternative forms of nonvolatile memory. A fully compliant bistable micro mechanism was designed, fabricated, and tested to demonstrate the feasibility of this sensing technique. Testing results from two fabrication processes, SUMMiT IV and MUMPs, are presented. The SUMMiT mechanism was then …
Signal-To-Noise Measurements And Particle Focusing In Liquid-Core Waveguides, Michael A. Olson
Signal-To-Noise Measurements And Particle Focusing In Liquid-Core Waveguides, Michael A. Olson
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis presents an analysis of the signal-to-noise ratio in liquid core anti-resonant reflecting optical waveguides (ARROWs) and the application of hydrodynamic focusing to the waveguides. These concepts are presented as a method to improve the detection capabilities of the ARROW platform. The improvements are specifically targeted at achieving single molecule detection (SMD) with the devices. To analyze the SNR of the waveguides a test platform was designed and fabricated. This test platform was then used to examine relationship between the SNR and the location of the excitation region. It was determined that the excitation region should be moved closer …
Design And Experimental Testing Of Nanoinjection Protocols For Delivering Molecules Into Hela Cells With A Bio-Mems Device, Zachary Kendall Lindstrom
Design And Experimental Testing Of Nanoinjection Protocols For Delivering Molecules Into Hela Cells With A Bio-Mems Device, Zachary Kendall Lindstrom
Theses and Dissertations
Delivering foreign molecules into living cells is a broad and ongoing area of research. Gene therapy, or delivering nucleic acids into cells via non-viral or viral pathways, is an especially promising area for pharmaceutics. All gene therapy methods have their respective advantages and disadvantages, including limited delivery efficiency and low viability. Nanoinjection, or delivering molecules into cells using a solid lance, has proven to be highly efficient while maintaining high viability levels. In this thesis, an array of solid silicon lances was tested by nanoinjecting tens of thousands of HeLa cancer cells simultaneously. Several molecule types were injected in different …
Tailsitter Attitude Control Using Resolved Tilt-Twist, Timothy Mclain, Jason M. Beach, Matthew E. Argyle, Randall W. Beard, Stephen Morris
Tailsitter Attitude Control Using Resolved Tilt-Twist, Timothy Mclain, Jason M. Beach, Matthew E. Argyle, Randall W. Beard, Stephen Morris
Faculty Publications
The tailsitter aircraft merges the endurance and speed of fixed-wing aircraft with the flexibility and VTOL abilities of rotorcraft. Because of the requirement to be functional at a full range of attitudes, quaternions are typically employed to calculate attitude error. Attitude control is then accomplished by using the vector component of the error quaternion to drive flight control surfaces. This paper demonstrates that this method of driving the flight control surfaces can be suboptimal for tailsitter type aircraft and can lead to undesired vehicle movement. An alternate method of calculating attitude error called resolved tilt-twist is improved and validated. The …
An Experimental Study Of Bio-Inspired Force Generation By Unsteady Flow Features, Wesley N. Fassmann
An Experimental Study Of Bio-Inspired Force Generation By Unsteady Flow Features, Wesley N. Fassmann
Theses and Dissertations
As the understanding of the workings of the biological world expands, biomimetic designs increasingly move into the focus of engineering research studies. For this thesis, two studiesinvolving leading edge vortex generation for lift production as observed in nature were explored intheir respective flow regimes. The first study focused on the steady state analysis of streamwise vortices generated byleading edge tubercles of an adult humpback whale flipper. A realistic scaled model of a humpbackflipper was fabricated based on the 3D reconstruction from a sequence of 18 images taken whilecircumscribing an excised flipper of a beached humpback whale. Two complementary modelswith smooth …
Phase 1 Final Report: Preamble Assisted Equalization For Aeronautical Telemetry (Paq), Michael Rice, Mohammad Saquib, Arlene Cole-Rhodes, Farzad Moazzami, Erik Perrins
Phase 1 Final Report: Preamble Assisted Equalization For Aeronautical Telemetry (Paq), Michael Rice, Mohammad Saquib, Arlene Cole-Rhodes, Farzad Moazzami, Erik Perrins
Faculty Publications
This is the Phase 1 report for Preamble Assisted Equalization for Aeronautical Telemetry (PAQ).
Executive Summary:
To fully leverage the benefits of a periodically inserted preamble, the preamble is used to estimate the state of the channel. To this end the following algorithms have been developed, tested in simulation, and ported to the GPU-based real-time system:
1. The preamble detector, which scans the received samples searching for the presence of the preamble. The location of the preamble in the received samples is required to use the received samples to estimate the frequency offset, channel impulse response, and noise variance. The …
Power Side-Channel Dac Implementations For Xilinx Fpgas, Daniel Chase Savory
Power Side-Channel Dac Implementations For Xilinx Fpgas, Daniel Chase Savory
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis presents a novel power side-channel DAC (PS-DAC) which is constructed from user-controllable short circuits in FPGAs and which manipulate overall system power through dynamic power dissipation. Alternately, similar PS-DACs are created using shift-register primitives(SRL16E) which manipulate system power through switching logic, for means of comparison with short-circuit-based PS-DACs. PS-DACs are created of various sizes using both short-circuit-based and shift-register-based methods. These PS-DACs are characterized in terms of output linearity,monotonicity, and frequency distortion. Applications explored in this thesis which use PS-DAC technology include a Simple Power Analysis (SPA) side-channel transmitter, and a frequency watermarking application. These applications serve as …
Termediator-Ii: Identification Of Interdisciplinary Term Ambiguity Through Hierarchical Cluster Analysis, Owen G. Riley
Termediator-Ii: Identification Of Interdisciplinary Term Ambiguity Through Hierarchical Cluster Analysis, Owen G. Riley
Theses and Dissertations
Technical disciplines are evolving rapidly leading to changes in their associated vocabularies. Confusion in interdisciplinary communication occurs due to this evolving terminology. Two causes of confusion are multiple definitions (overloaded terms) and synonymous terms. The formal names for these two problems are polysemy and synonymy. Termediator-I, a web application built on top of a collection of glossaries, uses definition count as a measure of term confusion. This tool was an attempt to identify confusing cross-disciplinary terms. As more glossaries were added to the collection, this measure became ineffective. This thesis provides a measure of term polysemy. Term polysemy is effectively …
Enhancement Of Mass Transfer And Electron Usage For Syngas Fermentation, James J. Orgill
Enhancement Of Mass Transfer And Electron Usage For Syngas Fermentation, James J. Orgill
Theses and Dissertations
Biofuel production via fermentation is produced primarily by fermentation of simple sugars. Besides the sugar fermentation route, there exists a promising alternative process that uses syngas (CO, H2, CO2) produced from biomass as building blocks for biofuels. Although syngas fermentation has many benefits, there are several challenges that still need to be addressed in order for syngas fermentation to become a viable process for producing biofuels on a large scale. One challenge is mass transfer limitations due to low solubilities of syngas species. The hollow fiber reactor (HFR) is one type of reactor that has the potential for achieving high …
Stability Of N=6 Normal And Right-Angled Kaleidocycles Under The Influence Of Energy Elements, Brett Rowberry, Dr. Larry Howell
Stability Of N=6 Normal And Right-Angled Kaleidocycles Under The Influence Of Energy Elements, Brett Rowberry, Dr. Larry Howell
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Normal and right-angled n=6 kaleidocycles are structures composed of six tetrahedra. They are capable of continuous rotation while only requiring 240° of rotation on each joint between adjacent tetrahedra. Because of this fact, kaleidocycles may be made fully compliant with no moving parts. Having continuous rotation in a monolithic fully compliant structure is rare, if not unique. One consequence of having compliant joints is that as they are flexed from their unstrained positions, energy is stored. As the kaleidocycle is rotated, energy is stored and released from each of the joints in a complex manner. The purpose of this research …
Design Of A Robot Head For An Assistive Robot Used In The Clinical Treatment Of Children With Autism, Jacob Robinson, Dr. Mark Colton
Design Of A Robot Head For An Assistive Robot Used In The Clinical Treatment Of Children With Autism, Jacob Robinson, Dr. Mark Colton
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Autism is a spectrum disorder that is characterized by an impairment of the child’s social relationships, communication skills, and imaginative thought, resulting in a decreased quality of life for the child and his or her family, as well as significant economic costs to society. Although clinical treatment has helped some autistic children learn social skills, many others do not respond well to clinical treatment. Some research groups have investigated the use of robots as a tool to help therapists connect to the patient easier. Autistic children are more inclined to interact with a mechanical device because they exhibit repeatable actions …
Near Coastal Winds For Everyone: Targeting Near Coastal Regions For Special Wind Retrieval Processing, Forrest Minor, Dr. David Long
Near Coastal Winds For Everyone: Targeting Near Coastal Regions For Special Wind Retrieval Processing, Forrest Minor, Dr. David Long
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Microwave scatterometers, which use radar backscatter measurements from satellites to infer wind vectors near the ocean’s surface, have the ability to monitor global wind speeds at high resolutions. Such data is used for weather forecasting and climate research. However, scatterometer observations over the ocean can be contaminated by land proximity. Consequently, current methods do not use measurements within 30 km of the coast (about 10.6 million square kilometers worldwide) in the data set. This unused data can be utilized by a recently developed algorithm that can measure winds as close as 5 km to the coast (Owen and Long, 2009). …
Quantitation Of Molecular Interactions Based On The Avidin-Biotin Complex By Dielectric Spectroscopy, Stephen Wood, Dr. Brian Mazzeo
Quantitation Of Molecular Interactions Based On The Avidin-Biotin Complex By Dielectric Spectroscopy, Stephen Wood, Dr. Brian Mazzeo
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The interaction of proteins with other molecules is a common phenomenon that is relevant to various disciplines such as medicine and material science. There are several aspects regarding these molecular interactions that can be researched with one of several measurement techniques. Dielectric spectroscopy is an inexpensive and non-invasive technique used to probe the electrical properties of materials. It was developed in the early twentieth century as a method to measure the change in the dielectric constant of a material in response to changes in frequency. The change or relaxation in the dielectric constant as a function of frequency allows for …
An Investigation Of Methods For Actuating Robot Arms: Direct Vs. Pulley Vs. Bowden Cable Actuation Methods, Dallin Swiss, Dr. Mark Colton
An Investigation Of Methods For Actuating Robot Arms: Direct Vs. Pulley Vs. Bowden Cable Actuation Methods, Dallin Swiss, Dr. Mark Colton
Journal of Undergraduate Research
A group of BYU researchers and therapists designed a robot named “Troy” for use in studies to investigate robot-assisted therapy for children with autism [1]. Troy was considered effective and successful but studies suggest that developing a new robot with greater realism and additional capabilities may promote greater clinical benefits [2]. The next robot must be safer and enable physical interaction between the robot and child. This can be done by controlling the weight, speed and flexibility of the robot arms. In particular, reducing their weight would reduce the inertial forces put on the child when interacting with the robot
Measuring Combustion Efficiency Of Improved Cookstoves And Associated Air Quality, Whitney Steed, Erin Hamson, Jeff Lord, Dr. Matt Jones
Measuring Combustion Efficiency Of Improved Cookstoves And Associated Air Quality, Whitney Steed, Erin Hamson, Jeff Lord, Dr. Matt Jones
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Statistics report that approximately three billion people in the world prepare their meals using solid fuels1. The incomplete combustion that comes from burning these solid fuels creates harmful fumes and particulate matter that damage human health. Our goal was to create standard methods to measure progress towards cleaner stove emissions, focusing on cookstoves in Peru. These consistent testing procedures will allow designers to assess the impact of design changes on cookstoves by using them to measure the combustion efficiency of biomass cookstoves and to measure the indoor air quality in homes where biomass cookstoves are used.
Direct Generation Of Smart Pareto Sets In Multiobjective Optimization, Braden Hancock, Dr. Christopher A. Mattson
Direct Generation Of Smart Pareto Sets In Multiobjective Optimization, Braden Hancock, Dr. Christopher A. Mattson
Journal of Undergraduate Research
In October 2013, we proposed the development of a method to directly generate smart Pareto sets of solutions in multiobjective optimization problems. Thanks to the opportunity that we received to pursue this research through an ORCA grant, we were able to develop that technology and disseminate it in the scientific community. The results of this research include a peer-reviewed journal article, a professional conference paper, a regional student conference paper, and an Honors thesis.
A Sequential Grid, Relaxation Method For Use In Oil Reservoir Simulation, Brian Stimpson, Dr. Hugh Hales
A Sequential Grid, Relaxation Method For Use In Oil Reservoir Simulation, Brian Stimpson, Dr. Hugh Hales
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The demand for petroleum products has never been higher, despite the opposition and environmental skepticism that has been present against the petroleum industry in recent years. This requires the production of petroleum products to increase. However, as politics and nature will have it, the waning supply of petroleum is becoming ever more difficult to access and tap into. To make sure we are using our reserves in the best possible ways, this industry must adapt, create better technology, and have careful planning and predictions.
Advanced Measuring Techniques Of Ionic And Electronic Conductivities In Battery Electrodes, Joshua Flygare, Dr. Dean Wheeler
Advanced Measuring Techniques Of Ionic And Electronic Conductivities In Battery Electrodes, Joshua Flygare, Dr. Dean Wheeler
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Introduction: There are many significant barriers still to be overcome before chemical storage becomes satisfactory. One of the most significant issues is how much the electrodes vary in their electronic and ionic conductivities. Both of these issues are highly complex. My funding was used to help me learn the basic mathematics and physics that occur inside of batteries. I used this understanding to make two models, one using COMSOL multiphysics, and another cruder model using Excel. The most significant change made in my execution from my original proposal was I used all of my time in understanding and making models, …
Spin Cycle: Hand Powered Washing For Peru, Jared Bruton, Dr. Randy Lewis
Spin Cycle: Hand Powered Washing For Peru, Jared Bruton, Dr. Randy Lewis
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Washing clothes is time consuming and physically difficult for women on the islands of Lake Titicaca. Women fill buckets with water and soap, allow the clothes to soak, rub them together to get the dirt out, and then wring them out. Doing this is physically demanding, especially during the harsh cold of winter. This project develops a human-powered, affordable, and easy to build clothes-washing device that allows women to save time and energy washing clothes. It builds on a similar washing machine project from one year ago, but seeks to reduce the cost of the hand-powered machine from 300 Peruvian …
Water Pollution Source Identification, Daniel Blake, Dr. Brett Borup
Water Pollution Source Identification, Daniel Blake, Dr. Brett Borup
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Determining the degree to which a water source has been contaminated by a pollution source such as a wastewater treatment plant is a difficult problem that has often been considered too difficult or too expensive to solve. Employing fluorescence spectroscopy, a relatively inexpensive measurement, in testing samples obtained from wastewater discharge locations and from locations in the receiving water can help determine the presence of such pollution. Fluorescence spectroscopy generates excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) which can be used as fingerprints of organic pollution in a water source. Additionally, employing statistical methods can improve the ability to fingerprint pollution sources. These statistical …