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Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Improving The Single Event Effect Response Of Triple Modular Redundancy On Sram Fpgas Through Placement And Routing, Matthew Joel Cannon Aug 2019

Improving The Single Event Effect Response Of Triple Modular Redundancy On Sram Fpgas Through Placement And Routing, Matthew Joel Cannon

Theses and Dissertations

Triple modular redundancy (TMR) with repair is commonly used to improve the reliability of systems. TMR is often employed for circuits implemented on field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) to mitigate the radiation effects of single event upsets (SEUs). This has proven to be an effective technique by improving a circuit's sensitive cross-section by up to 100x. However, testing has shown that the improvement offered by TMR is limited by upsets in single configuration bits that cause TMR to fail.This work proposes a variety of mitigation techniques that improve the effectiveness of TMR on FPGAs. These mitigation techniques can alter the …

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Development Of A Novel Bioprinting System:Bioprinter, Bioink, Characterizationand Optimization, Chandler Alan Warr Aug 2019

Development Of A Novel Bioprinting System:Bioprinter, Bioink, Characterizationand Optimization, Chandler Alan Warr

Theses and Dissertations

The use of 3D printing in biological applications is a new field of study given that 3D printing technology has become more available and user friendly. Possible uses include using existing 3D printing polymers to use in extracorporeal or in vitro devices, like Lab-on-a-Chip, and the development of new biologically derived materials to print cell-containing constructs. The latter concept is what is more commonly known as bioprinting. Our research had the goal of developing a bioprinting system including the printer, a bioink, and a feedback system for printing parameter optimization which could be done cheaply and within the reach of …

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Takeoff And Performance Tradeoffs Of Retrofit Distributed Electric Propulsion For Urban Transport, Kevin Moore, Andrew Ning Aug 2019

Takeoff And Performance Tradeoffs Of Retrofit Distributed Electric Propulsion For Urban Transport, Kevin Moore, Andrew Ning

Faculty Publications

While vertical takeoff and landing aircraft have shown promise for urban air transport, distributed electric propulsion on existing aircraft may offer immediately implementable alternatives. Distributed electric propulsion could potentially decrease takeoff distances enough to enable thousands of potential inter-city runways. This conceptual study explores the effects of a retrofit of open-bladed electric propulsion units. To model and explore the design space we use blade element momentum method, vortex lattice method, linear-beam finite element analysis, classical laminate theory, composite failure, empirically-based blade noise modeling, motor and motor-controller mass models, and gradient-based optimization. With liftoff time of seconds and the safe total …

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An Atomistic Approach For The Survey Of Dislocation-Grain Boundary Interactions In Fcc Nickel, Devin William Adams Aug 2019

An Atomistic Approach For The Survey Of Dislocation-Grain Boundary Interactions In Fcc Nickel, Devin William Adams

Theses and Dissertations

It is well known that grain boundaries (GBs) have a strong influence on mechanical properties of polycrystalline materials. Not as well-known is how different GBs interact with dislocations to influence dislocation movement. This work presents a molecular dynamics study of 33 different FCC Ni bicrystals subjected to mechanical loading to induce incident dislocation-GB interactions. The resulting simulations are analyzed to determine properties of the interaction that affect the likelihood of transmission of the dislocation through the GB in an effort to better inform mesoscale models of dislocation movement within polycrystals. It is found that the ability to predict the slip …

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Robust Coil Combination For Bssfp Mri And The Ordering Problem For Compressed Sensing, Nicholas Brian Mckibben Aug 2019

Robust Coil Combination For Bssfp Mri And The Ordering Problem For Compressed Sensing, Nicholas Brian Mckibben

Theses and Dissertations

Balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) is a fast, SNR-efficient magnetic resonance (MR) imaging sequence suffering from dark banding artifacts due to its off-resonance dependence. These banding artifacts are difficult to mitigate at high field strengths and in the presence of metallic implants. Recent developments in parametric modelling of bSSFP have led to advances in banding removal and parameter estimation using multiple phase-cycled bSSFP. With increasing number of coils in receivers, more storage and processing is required. Coil combination is used to reduce dimensionality of these datasets which otherwise might be prohibitively large or computationally intractable for clinical applications. However, our …

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Techniques For Using Internal Strain-Energy Storage And Release Inorigami-Based Mechanical Systems, Mary Elizabeth Wilson Aug 2019

Techniques For Using Internal Strain-Energy Storage And Release Inorigami-Based Mechanical Systems, Mary Elizabeth Wilson

Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this thesis is to develop and demonstrate techniques for self-deployment of origami-based mechanical systems achieved through internal strain-energy storage and release, with special application to medical implant devices. The potential of compliant mechanisms and related origami-based mechanical systems to store strain-energy make them ideal candidates forapplications requiring an actuation or deployment process, such as space system arrays and minimally invasive surgical devices. The objective of this thesis is achieved by first categorizing differentdeployment methods in origami-based, deployable mechanisms and then further exploring the use of strain energy to facilitate actuation in deployable mechanisms. With this understanding inplace, …

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Thermostable Lyoprotectant-Enhanced Cell-Free Protein Synthesis For On-Demand Endotoxin-Free Therapeutic Production, Kristen M. Wilding, Emily Long Zhao, Conner C. Earl, Bradley Charles Bundy Jul 2019

Thermostable Lyoprotectant-Enhanced Cell-Free Protein Synthesis For On-Demand Endotoxin-Free Therapeutic Production, Kristen M. Wilding, Emily Long Zhao, Conner C. Earl, Bradley Charles Bundy

Faculty Publications

Cell-free protein synthesis has emerged as a promising platform for the production of therapeutic proteins due to its inherently open reaction environment, flexible reaction conditions and rapid protein synthesis capabilities. In recent years, lyophilized cell-free systems have widened the application space of cell-free technology by improving reagent stability outside of cold-chain storage. Current embodiments of the system, however, demonstrate poor stability at elevated temperatures. Lyoprotectants have long been recognized for the ability to preserve the activity of biological molecules during drying processes, but the application of this technology to lyophilized cell-free systems has been limited and has failed to address …

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Heat Set Creases In Polyethylene Terephthalate (Pet)Sheets To Enable Origami-Based Applications, Larry L. Howell, Nathan C. Brown, Brandon S. Sargent, Brian D. Jensen, Spencer P. Magleby, William G. Pitt Jul 2019

Heat Set Creases In Polyethylene Terephthalate (Pet)Sheets To Enable Origami-Based Applications, Larry L. Howell, Nathan C. Brown, Brandon S. Sargent, Brian D. Jensen, Spencer P. Magleby, William G. Pitt

ScholarsArchive Data

This data set includes the raw data from the tests described in the research paper “Heat Set Creases in Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Sheets to Enable Origami-Based Applications” by Brandon Sargent, Nathan Brown, Brian D. Jensen, Spencer P. Magleby, William G. Pitt, and Larry L. Howell.

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Development Of A Simplified Performance-Based Procedure For Assessment Of Post-Liquefaction Settlement Using The Cone Penetration Test, Jingwen He Jul 2019

Development Of A Simplified Performance-Based Procedure For Assessment Of Post-Liquefaction Settlement Using The Cone Penetration Test, Jingwen He

Theses and Dissertations

Earthquake-induced liquefaction can cause severe damage to infrastructure is a serious concern in civil engineering practice. Post-liquefaction settlement is one of the common effects of liquefaction. The ability to predict and quantify post-liquefaction free-field settlement is a crucial part of seismic design. Many approaches have been developed during the past 50 years to perform liquefaction hazard analysis. The performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE) framework developed by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) center is a probabilistic framework that can provide a more accurate and complete seismic hazard analysis than other traditional methods. However, the PBEE framework is not widely used in …

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Correlating Pressure, Fluidization Gas Velocities, Andsolids Mass Flowrates In A High-Pressurefluidized Bed Coal Feed System, Jacob Talailetalalelei Tuia Jul 2019

Correlating Pressure, Fluidization Gas Velocities, Andsolids Mass Flowrates In A High-Pressurefluidized Bed Coal Feed System, Jacob Talailetalalelei Tuia

Theses and Dissertations

The goal of this thesis was to understand what parameters would be most impactful when delivering dry, pulverized coal in a dilute-phase, with a high-pressure feed-system to a pressurized oxy-combustion (POC) reactor. Many studies have conveyed materials in dense-phase plugs at high-pressure or in dilute-phase flows at atmospheric pressure. Very few studies have fluidized and conveyed materials in dilute-phase flows at high pressure, as we needed to. Additionally, studies which might have been applicable based upon system -pressure and -phase delivered findings that were empirically based and therefore not specifically applicable to non-similar systems. 220 different tests were ran using …

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Joint Analysis Of And Applications For Devices With Expanding Motions, Kendall Hal Seymour Jul 2019

Joint Analysis Of And Applications For Devices With Expanding Motions, Kendall Hal Seymour

Theses and Dissertations

Origami has been extensively studied by engineers for its unique motions and ability to collapse to small volumes. Techniques have been studied for replicating origami-like folding motion in thick materials, but limited practical applications of these techniques have been demonstrated. Developable mechanisms are a new mechanism type that has a similar ability to collapse to a low profile. The cylindrical developable mechanism has the ability to emerge from and conform to a cylindrical surface. In this work, a few practical applications of devices with novel expanding motions are presented. The design and testing of an origami-inspired deployable ballistic barrier, which …

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Application And Evaluation Of Full-Field Surrogate Models In Engineering Design Space Exploration, Christopher Murray Thelin Jul 2019

Application And Evaluation Of Full-Field Surrogate Models In Engineering Design Space Exploration, Christopher Murray Thelin

Theses and Dissertations

When designing an engineering part, better decisions are made by exploring the entire space of design variations. This design space exploration (DSE) may be accomplished manually or via optimization. In engineering, evaluating a design during DSE often consists of running expensive simulations, such as finite element analysis (FEA) in order to understand the structural response to design changes. The computational cost of these simulations can make thorough DSE infeasible, and only a relatively small subset of the designs are explored. Surrogate models have been used to make cheap predictions of certain simulation results. Commonly, these models only predict single values …

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Optimization And Hardware Implementation Of Syba-An Efficient Feature Descriptor, Samuel Gaylin Fuller Jul 2019

Optimization And Hardware Implementation Of Syba-An Efficient Feature Descriptor, Samuel Gaylin Fuller

Theses and Dissertations

Feature detection, description and matching are crucial steps in many computer vision algorithms. These rely on feature descriptors to be able to match image features across sets of images. This paper discusses a hardware implementation and various optimizations of our lab's previous work on the SYnthetic BAsis feature descriptor (SYBA). Previous work has shown that SYBA can offer superior performance to other binary descriptors, such as BRIEF. This hardware implementation on an FPGA is a high throughput and low latency solution, which is critical for applications such as: high speed object detection and tracking, stereo vision, visual odometry, structure from …

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Ultra Low Latency Visual Servoing For High Speed Object Tracking Using Multi Focal Length Camera Arrays, Alexander Steven Mccown Jul 2019

Ultra Low Latency Visual Servoing For High Speed Object Tracking Using Multi Focal Length Camera Arrays, Alexander Steven Mccown

Theses and Dissertations

In high speed applications of visual servoing, latency from the recognition algorithm can cause significant degradation of in response time. Hardware acceleration allows for recognition algorithms to be applied directly during the raster scan from the image sensor, thereby removing virtually all video processing latency. This paper examines one such method, along with an analysis of design decisions made to optimize for use during high speed airborne object tracking tests for the US military. Designing test equipment for defense use involves working around unique challenges that arise from having many details being deemed classified or highly sensitive information. Designing tracking …

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Proactive Energy Optimization In Residential Buildings With Weather And Market Forecasts, Cody Ryan Simmons Jul 2019

Proactive Energy Optimization In Residential Buildings With Weather And Market Forecasts, Cody Ryan Simmons

Theses and Dissertations

This work explores the development of a home energy management system (HEMS) that uses weather and market forecasts to optimize the usage of home appliances and to manage battery usage and solar power production. A Moving Horizon Estimation (MHE) application is used to find the unknown home model parameters. These parameters are then updated in a Model Predictive Controller (MPC) which optimizes and balances competing comfort and economic objectives. Combining MHE and MPC applications alleviates model complexity commonly seen in HEMS by using a lumped parameter model that is adapted to fit a high-fidelity model. HVAC on/off behaviors are simulated …

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Development Of Automated Control Systems For Pilot-Scale Combustors In The New Byu Engineering Building Annex, Andrew Fry Jun 2019

Development Of Automated Control Systems For Pilot-Scale Combustors In The New Byu Engineering Building Annex, Andrew Fry

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The purpose of this MEG grant was to train 3 undergraduate students from either Chemical or Mechanical Engineering on the use of OPTO 22 control system and then to direct them, along with the input from engineers at OPTO 22, as they build and install a control system and logic for the Burner Flow Reactor (BFR), Multi Fuel Reactor (MFR) and the Pressurized Oxy Coal (POC) reactors in the new Engineering Research Laboratory (ERL). This program is comprised of 6 tasks as follows:

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Muscle Activation Via Mri: Comparison Of Techniques, Logan Thorneloe, Neal Bangerter Jun 2019

Muscle Activation Via Mri: Comparison Of Techniques, Logan Thorneloe, Neal Bangerter

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Muscle functional magnetic resonance imaging (mfMRI) is a proven concept to non-invasively identify muscle activation1. Noninvasively identifying muscle activation can be used to diagnose metabolic muscle disease, identify and pinpoint muscular dysfunction, observe muscle deterioration in aging individuals, and help researchers better understand the biological foundation of musclechemistry2. Current proven methods of mfMRI include analyzing pre- and post-exercise T2-weighted images, T2 maps, and sodium images of muscle; however, there is considerable debate around the best of these techniques1-4. We tested these three imaging techniques to determine which has the greatest post-exercise shift in signal intensity.

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Noise Threshold And Normalization By Contrast Parameter For Atomization During Droplet Impingement, Alexander White, Julie Crockett Jun 2019

Noise Threshold And Normalization By Contrast Parameter For Atomization During Droplet Impingement, Alexander White, Julie Crockett

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The purpose of this report is to remind the reader of goals initially set in conjunction with the original ORCA Grant project proposal in October 2017, to discuss logistical difficulties in carrying out the original project and subsequent adjustments in scope and topic of work, to represent efforts toward obtaining results during the grant period, and to comment on the implications of the study for future research and the award’s impact on its recipient’s future.

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A Combined Computational/Experimental Approach To Stabilize Proteins With Unnatural Amino Acid Modifications, Joshua Wilkerson, Dr. Thomas Knotts Jun 2019

A Combined Computational/Experimental Approach To Stabilize Proteins With Unnatural Amino Acid Modifications, Joshua Wilkerson, Dr. Thomas Knotts

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Proteins are versatile biological molecules that catalyze chemical reactions, provide cellular structure, and transport materials throughout the body. Proteins have been adapted for use in a wide variety of industries including food processing, medical diagnostics, and therapeutics. However, proteins must often be modified to enhance their utility in these operations. One method that can be used as an initial step in protein modification strategies is replacement of a naturally occurring amino acid with an unnatural amino acid (uAA). Previous research has suggested that it is very difficult to predict the stability of a uAA-modified protein based on any individual factor. …

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Proof-Of-Concept Tremor Suppression Sleeve For Essential Tremor Patients, S. Adam Stringham, Dr. Steven K. Clarles Jun 2019

Proof-Of-Concept Tremor Suppression Sleeve For Essential Tremor Patients, S. Adam Stringham, Dr. Steven K. Clarles

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Essential Tremor (ET) is among the most common movement disorders. It is characterized by involuntary, rhythmic movement in the body, most often in the hands or head. The primary treatment options include deep brain surgery and/or medication, both of which can cause undesired side effects. The Neuromechanics Research Group at BYU is investigating alternative treatments by studying the effect of low-level electrical stimulation of affected extrinsic hand muscles on tremor in ET patients. While the research may prove promising, there are still several obstacles to overcome for this approach to be practical. To apply electrical stimulation, self-adhesive electrodes are placed …

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Gas Detection System For Biomass Cookstove Emissions, Jeffery Smith, Cyera Bishop, Matthew Jones Jun 2019

Gas Detection System For Biomass Cookstove Emissions, Jeffery Smith, Cyera Bishop, Matthew Jones

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The purpose of this research project was to explore Peruvian social and cultural behaviors that typically prevent successful improved cookstove adoption in resource-limited settings as well as suggest ways to educate locals about the benefits of improved cookstoves. This will be done by a BYU Global Engineering Outreach (GEO) team, including ORCA recipients Cyera Bishop and Jeffery Smith, constructing a cost-effective, easy-to-use gas detection sensor system capable of measuring concentrations of harmful gases released from biomass cookstoves typically found in Peruvian communities.

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Product Design For Children With Limb Defects, Cecilee Petersen, Richard Fry Jun 2019

Product Design For Children With Limb Defects, Cecilee Petersen, Richard Fry

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Congenital Limb Deficiency (CLD) occurs when a fetus’s upper or lower limbs do not form completely during pregnancy. This project analyzes how girls aged seven to thirteen years with upper-limb CLD adjust to daily tasks and supports the design of a mechanism to help them perform a specific activity independently. Early research became the foundation for a case study of an eight-year old girl named Ava. Ava was born with only one elbow-length cleft hand on her right side and one finger connected to her left shoulder joint . She learns to use her “nubs” effectively for most tasks, such …

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Towards On-Demand E. Coli-Based Cell-Free Protein Synthesis Of Tissue Plasminogen Activator, Seung-Ook Yang, Gregory H. Nielsen, Kristen M. Wilding, Merideth A. Cooper, David W. Wood, Bradley Charles Bundy Jun 2019

Towards On-Demand E. Coli-Based Cell-Free Protein Synthesis Of Tissue Plasminogen Activator, Seung-Ook Yang, Gregory H. Nielsen, Kristen M. Wilding, Merideth A. Cooper, David W. Wood, Bradley Charles Bundy

Faculty Publications

Stroke is the leading cause of death with over 5 million deaths worldwide each year. About 80% of strokes are ischemic strokes caused by blood clots. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPa) is the only FDA-approved drug to treat ischemic stroke with a wholesale price over $6000. tPa is now off patent although no biosimilar has been developed. The production of tPa is complicated by the 17 disulfide bonds that exist in correctly folded tPA. Here, we present an Escherichia coli-based cell-free protein synthesis platform for tPa expression and report conditions which resulted in the production of active tPa. While the activity …

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Multichannel Ubm Conduit For Peripheral Nerve Repair, Elizabeth Mahoney, Alonzo Cook Jun 2019

Multichannel Ubm Conduit For Peripheral Nerve Repair, Elizabeth Mahoney, Alonzo Cook

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Neuropathy, disease, and trauma to the peripheral nervous system cause devastating effects. These effects can include both a loss of sensation and a loss of motor control. Due to the newness of the field of regenerative medicine, scientists are only beginning to understand how nerves regenerate. It is known that when damage occurs to the nerves, the body triggers a regeneration process. Unfortunately, this process is slow and the level of sensation that returns and motor control varies from person to person. Some options involving autografts and allografts have been employed to help the nerve endings regenerate to all distal …

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High Level Gesture Control For Uavs, John Akagi, Brady Moon, Jared Paxton, Dr. Cammy Peterson Jun 2019

High Level Gesture Control For Uavs, John Akagi, Brady Moon, Jared Paxton, Dr. Cammy Peterson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The usage and application of small unmanned aircraft has grown in recent years, but training, and constant attention is often required for controlling an aircraft in even the simplest of tasks. Our research seeks to reduce the complexity in controlling drones by sending high level commands to them using unique hand gestures captured by a glove with an inertial measurement unit (IMU). This would allow the aircraft operators to maintain focus on a primary task while easily supplementing decisions and actions with aircraft data. In contrast to low level commands, such as directing drone velocities and control surfaces, high level …

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Does Hypochlorous Acid Accelerate The Degradation Of Absorbable Sutures, Stephen Pinnock, Anton Bowden Jun 2019

Does Hypochlorous Acid Accelerate The Degradation Of Absorbable Sutures, Stephen Pinnock, Anton Bowden

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Patients who undergo surgery may experience infection in the surgical site due to bacteria with a biofilm phenotype. This biofilm can render the bacteria resilient to standard antibiotics and the wound must be disinfected with an antimicrobial solution. Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a commonly used surgical antimicrobial used to disinfect these surgical sites. However, there is uncertainty as to whether the HOCl affects the stiffness and strength of the remaining sutures. These sutures are typically absorbable and need to maintain their integrity for the wound to heal properly. The purpose of this mentored research was to determine the effects of …

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Low-Cost Applications Of Composite Pressure Vessels In Solid Rocket Motor Design, Riley Meik, Andy George Jun 2019

Low-Cost Applications Of Composite Pressure Vessels In Solid Rocket Motor Design, Riley Meik, Andy George

Journal of Undergraduate Research

For years, the delivery of payloads into space was unavailable to universities and small spacecraft companies. With growth in the space industry and advancements in rocket technology, space payload deployment became an option but was still cost-prohibitive for most. Sounding rockets, small rockets designed for low-cost, flexible access to space, were the solution. Although sounding rockets make access to space noticeably less expensive, the cost is still out of reach for low-budget space experiments. The great challenge of today is making these launch vehicles more efficient and affordable.

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Passive Cubesat Probes For Affordable, Low-Risk Inspection Of Space Vehicles, Josh Cannon, Brian Iverson Jun 2019

Passive Cubesat Probes For Affordable, Low-Risk Inspection Of Space Vehicles, Josh Cannon, Brian Iverson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Effective fault detection is vital for safe and reliable spacecraft performance. Traditionally, developers have relied almost exclusively on on-board instrumentation to detect faults in spacecraft performance. Remote inspection can provide a holistic complement to on-board instrumentation, but it is seldom incorporated into spacecraft missions due to its cost and risk. As a result, multiple spacecraft have been lost due to unchecked faults in areas without instrumentation.

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Evaluation Of Novel Molten Salt Eutectics And Their Application In Novel Reactor Designs, Kraig Farrar, Matthew Memmott Jun 2019

Evaluation Of Novel Molten Salt Eutectics And Their Application In Novel Reactor Designs, Kraig Farrar, Matthew Memmott

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Molten salt reactors (MSR) are a relatively unexplored but promising technology for civilian nuclear power. Original experiments with this technology was performed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in the 1950s and 1960s. While this research was successful, it ultimately failed to receive additional funding and the program was cancelled as a result. Recently interest in MSR technology has resurged due to its promise of producing nuclear power at atmospheric pressure, high efficiency, and without the production of long lived waste. The purpose of this project is to determine the ideal material to use as both a fuel and coolant.

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Impact Of Micro- And Nano-Structured Surfaces On Condensation Heat Transfer Effectiveness, D. Jacob Butterfield, Dr. Brian Iverson Jun 2019

Impact Of Micro- And Nano-Structured Surfaces On Condensation Heat Transfer Effectiveness, D. Jacob Butterfield, Dr. Brian Iverson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

This paper reports observations from condensation heat transfer tests performed on superhydrophobic (water-repelling) surfaces. Condensation is used in heat transfer applications ranging from industrial power generation to desalination. Superhydrophobic surfaces have been discovered to increase the effectiveness of this heat transfer process by increasing water droplet mobility. This project was concerned with quantifying the ability of superhydrophobic surfaces to increase the rate of heat transfer, thus making the processes condensation is used in potentially much more efficient.

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