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Articles 1 - 30 of 100
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Molecular Scale Investigations Of Interactions Between Pfas And Concrete, Eric E. Keeler
Molecular Scale Investigations Of Interactions Between Pfas And Concrete, Eric E. Keeler
Theses and Dissertations
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), widely referred to as “forever chemicals,” exhibit high environmental persistence and potential health risks due to their robust carbon-fluorine bonds. These substances are prevalent in aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF), used in industrial and military applications, and are known to contaminate environmental surfaces, including concrete. This study aims to characterize the molecular-level interaction energies of six PFAS species—PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, PFHxA, 6:2 FTS, and PFBS—with calcium silicate, a key component of concrete, using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) was determined for each of the interactions, revealing negative ΔG values for …
Real-Time Decision-Making During Maritime Chokepoint Disruption Using Digital Twin, Jared M. Orendorff
Real-Time Decision-Making During Maritime Chokepoint Disruption Using Digital Twin, Jared M. Orendorff
Theses and Dissertations
This research develops a digital twin of the global maritime shipping system to model disruptions in major shipping lanes like the Suez and Panama Canals. By incorporating live ship-tracking data, the model simulates closures, forecasts queue lengths, and determines the best rerouting options. Findings show that canal closures cause large traffic backlogs and increased congestion at alternative chokepoints, while rerouted ships may face higher piracy risks in regions like the Gulf of Guinea and the Strait of Malacca. This tool helps decision-makers respond effectively to maritime disruptions.
Understanding The Acceptance Of Digital Tools Within An Air Force Environment Using The Utaut2 Model, Britton J. Edwards
Understanding The Acceptance Of Digital Tools Within An Air Force Environment Using The Utaut2 Model, Britton J. Edwards
Theses and Dissertations
This research paper explores factors influencing digital tool adoption in a military context, using a modified UTAUT2 model with the inclusion of Military Status as a moderating factor. The study examines the moderating effects of Military Status on Social Influence towards Behavioral Intention and Behavioral Intention on Use Behavior. Data was collected through a Likert-scale survey from respondents across multiple Department of the Air Force (DAF) organizations. Findings revealed Social Influence had the potential to positively influence Behavioral Intention to use digital tools, but military experience did not significantly moderate this relationship. However, past experience with the legacy tool and …
A Reinforcement Learning Approach For Maneuvering And Firing Decisions In Sead Operations, Nathaniel Garcia
A Reinforcement Learning Approach For Maneuvering And Firing Decisions In Sead Operations, Nathaniel Garcia
Theses and Dissertations
The integration of automated processes in defense continues to expand, enhancing the lethality of military forces. Artificial intelligence accelerates decision-making cycles, removes the constraints of human-operated hardware, and improves coordination by enabling seamless integration across multiple systems. Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses (SEAD) missions are critical to the United States (U.S.) military, as they neutralize hostile air defense systems, ensuring air superiority and enabling safe and effective operations for aircraft in contested environments. Therefore, it is necessary to pair emerging autonomous capabilities with an important mission set in defense. This research investigates the Autonomous Unmanned Air-to-Ground Strike (AUAGS) problem, modeling …
Analyzing Lf/Vlf Lightning Waveforms To Estimate D-Region Electron Density Profiles: Process, Application, And Comparison, William R. Smith
Analyzing Lf/Vlf Lightning Waveforms To Estimate D-Region Electron Density Profiles: Process, Application, And Comparison, William R. Smith
Theses and Dissertations
Lightning waveforms in the low frequency (LF; 30-300 kHz) and the very low frequency (VLF; 3-30 kHz) can be exploited to produce data-driven ionospheric Dregion electron density profile (EDP) estimates with significantly higher spatial and temporal coverage than previously available. The lightning waveforms used in this paper are signals detected in the LF/VLF of negative cloud-to-ground lightning by the Earth Networks Total Lightning Detection Network. Each waveform contains a ground wave and a time-delayed ionospheric reflection. The time delay between the ground wave and ionospheric reflection has previously been used to estimate a single specular reflection altitude, where LF/VLF emissions …
An Analysis Of Electrical Energy Resilience Technologies As Applied To Air Force Operations, Eric D. Danko
An Analysis Of Electrical Energy Resilience Technologies As Applied To Air Force Operations, Eric D. Danko
Theses and Dissertations
An analysis of 46 Resilient Energy Devices and Technology Concepts was conducted to determine their suitability for use in supporting Air Force Operations both at home station and abroad. The research consisted of two endeavors: an extensive literature review and a rank-ordering matrix. The dual nature of the efforts was designed to maximize usability and understanding for the End User, who may not be familiar with some principles of energy technologies, resilience, or design. The results showed the superiority of novel Solid (Metal) Fuels and Lead-Acid Batteries for Energy Storage and Thermoelectric Generators, Solar Photovoltaic Panels, Geothermal Extraction, Diesel Generators, …
An Analysis Of China’S Perceived Geographic Locations Of Interest By Use Of Value Informed Facility Location Models, Layton C. Hedge
An Analysis Of China’S Perceived Geographic Locations Of Interest By Use Of Value Informed Facility Location Models, Layton C. Hedge
Theses and Dissertations
This research examines China and derives insights specific to it and the First Island Chain and the Second Island Chain. In doing so, this research demonstrates a methodology to examine other competitors and their geostrategic interests. In the first phase of analysis, it develops a value hierarchy to depict objectives within subregions of the area of interest and considers four alternative weightings of the value hierarchy. In the second phase of analysis, it applies four location-covering models to assess how the competitor would emplace a range of limited resources to deter and/or control points of interest. Results indicate that land-based …
Characterization Of Per- And Polyflouroalkyl Substances In Aqueous Filmforming Foam Wash Waters, John M. Diskin
Characterization Of Per- And Polyflouroalkyl Substances In Aqueous Filmforming Foam Wash Waters, John M. Diskin
Theses and Dissertations
The fiscal year 2020 National Defense Authorization Act mandated the publication of a military specification for a fluorine-free firefighting foam available for use no later than October 1, 2023. Replacing AFFF with a fluorine-free alternative creates the issue of decontaminating current firefighting infrastructure of residual PFAS without replacing these systems. To eliminate outstanding PFAS, the proposed solution is to drain the AFFF from current fire suppression systems and flush the plumbing three times with uncontaminated water. This study tested the efficacy of the triple rinse method by conducting scaled down experiments on a variety of plumbing components from a retired …
Utilization Of The System Engineering Design Process To Design And Test A Low-Cost Infectious Aerosol Control Mechanism For Patient Aeromedical Evacuation, Sara Shaghaghi
Theses and Dissertations
The aeromedical evacuation of military patients is a critical component of care for Armed Forces members. The Air Force’s ability to transport patients relies on the technology and systems available. A vital transport responsibility is keeping the patient and medical personnel safe during transport. The historical and legacy systems provide reliable transport mechanisms for the Armed Forces’ patients infected with high-level biological agents, but drawbacks must be considered. This dissertation will discuss the development, conceptual design, and initial evaluation of a new low-cost, litter-mounted patient transport system, Biological-Mitigation in Patient Transport (B-MIPT), using the “V” model of the system engineering …
End-User Device Management In The Air And Space Forces, Joshua Bonvissuto
End-User Device Management In The Air And Space Forces, Joshua Bonvissuto
Theses and Dissertations
When achieving technical superiority is a matter a national security, it is critical that the Department of the Air Force (DAF) employs a robust Information Technology Asset Management (ITAM) strategy that maximizes mission effectiveness. Since 2022, the Office of the Chief Information Officer (SAF/CN) has been developing a plan to transform the Air Force’s ITAM strategy, primarily intending to centralize End User Device (EUD) procurement to the DAF level. For this study, a Delphi study was conducted to gather expert opinions on key aspects of SAF/CN’s new ITAM strategy to identify strengths, weaknesses, and implementation challenges. This research provides valuable …
A Nonlinear Least Squarees Approach To Orbit Determination In Near-Earth Orbits, Ryan M. Vorst
A Nonlinear Least Squarees Approach To Orbit Determination In Near-Earth Orbits, Ryan M. Vorst
Theses and Dissertations
This work explores relevant scenarios to implement a Frequency on Arrival method using nonlinear least squares to determine a transmitting satellite’s orbit based only on measurements of the received radio frequency. Multiple relevant collection geometries, such as a target in prograde low earth orbit, in retrograde low earth orbit, in sun synchronous orbit, in near-perigee highly elliptical orbit, in near-apogee highly elliptical orbit, and in geosynchronous orbit, are simulated to collect theoretical received frequency data. Once data collection has been simulated, the theoretical apparent frequencies recorded are used in a nonlinear least squares method with differential correction to find a …
Comparison Of A Bottom-Up Gnss Radio Occultation Method To Measure D- And E-Region Electron Densities With Ionosondes And Firi, Dylan J. Shaver, Dong L. Wu, Nimalan Swarnalingam, Anthony L. Franz, Eugene V. Dao, Daniel J. Emmons
Comparison Of A Bottom-Up Gnss Radio Occultation Method To Measure D- And E-Region Electron Densities With Ionosondes And Firi, Dylan J. Shaver, Dong L. Wu, Nimalan Swarnalingam, Anthony L. Franz, Eugene V. Dao, Daniel J. Emmons
Faculty Publications
High-frequency skywave propagation can be heavily impacted by D- and E-region dynamics requiring accurate global measurements to optimize performance. A standard measurement technique is to use ionosondes, but they are unable to measure below 1 MHz and are only available at a limited number of land-locked sites around the globe. In contrast, the Global Navigation Satellite System radio occultation (GNSS-RO) bottom-up method is a new approach specifically designed to generate electron density profiles in the D- and E- region ionosphere. It takes advantage of satellite constellations that currently provide over 20,000 daily measurements and global coverage. In this paper, GNSS-RO …
Validation Of Bottom-Up Gnss Radio Occultation Method To Measure D- And E-Region Electron Density, Dylan J. Shaver
Validation Of Bottom-Up Gnss Radio Occultation Method To Measure D- And E-Region Electron Density, Dylan J. Shaver
Theses and Dissertations
An in-depth validation of a new bottom-up approach using GNSS Radio Occultation (GNSS-RO) data to generate electron density profiles in the D- and E-region ionosphere. This comparison was completed using daytime ionosonde profiles when sporadic-E (Es) was not present, and corresponding FIRI profiles. The average GNSS-RO profile is a few kilometers higher in altitude than the ionosonde profiles at the minimum frequency, f min. When the ionosonde profiles are shifted so that the altitudes match at f min, they are in good agreement up to the E-region peak altitude, hmE. Below f min, the …
Environmental Trade-Offs Of Reverse Osmosis Water Purification Units (Rowpus) And Bottled Water, Caleb A. Boone
Environmental Trade-Offs Of Reverse Osmosis Water Purification Units (Rowpus) And Bottled Water, Caleb A. Boone
Theses and Dissertations
The Department of Defense (DoD) conducts many remote missions around the globe. As part of any remote basing strategy, potable water needs to be secured. Currently, there are three primary means of procuring potable water at remote locations: bottled water, on-site purification, or tie-in to existing, local infrastructure. The purpose of this study is to determine the environmental tradeoffs of bottled water and on-site treatment via a Reverse Osmosis Water Purification Unit (ROWPU), which uses multiple levels of filtration to make potable water from freshwater or saline water. A cradle-to- gate assessment was developed for both systems to create a …
U.S. Army Force Structure Optimization And Sufficiency Analysis, Francis P. Gargin
U.S. Army Force Structure Optimization And Sufficiency Analysis, Francis P. Gargin
Theses and Dissertations
The United States Army perpetually deploys rotational forces across the globe in support of the National Security Strategy. These forces meet a set of discrete mission demands over an extended time period before redeploying, modernizing, and preparing for the next deployment. The U.S. Army now utilizes the Regionally Aligned Readiness and Modernization Model to execute these cyclical stages for unit deployments. Specific emphasis is placed on aligning forces against a Geographic Combatant Command, which allows units to build readiness and lethality oriented towards the same series of threats, physical terrain, and civilian considerations. This research provides an Integer Programming model …
Pilot Development: An Empirical Mixed-Method Analysis, Jonathan Slottje, Jason Anderson, John M. Dickens, Adam D. Reiman
Pilot Development: An Empirical Mixed-Method Analysis, Jonathan Slottje, Jason Anderson, John M. Dickens, Adam D. Reiman
Faculty Publications
Purpose — Pilot upgrade training is critical to aircraft and passenger safety. This study aims to identify variances in the US Air Force C-130J pilot upgrade training based on geographic location and provide a model to enhance policy that will impact future pilot training efforts that lower cost and increase operator quality and proficiency.
Design/methodology/approach — This research employed a mixed-method approach. First, the authors collected data and analyzed 90 C-130J pilots' aviation records and then contextualized this analysis with interviews of experts. Finally, the authors present a modified version of Six Sigma's define–measure–analyze–improve–control (DMAIC) that identifies and reduces the …
Indicators Of Political Instability In The Presence Of Rapid Urban And Youth Population Growth, Douglas W. Hubbard
Indicators Of Political Instability In The Presence Of Rapid Urban And Youth Population Growth, Douglas W. Hubbard
Theses and Dissertations
Large and rapidly growing cities and other urban agglomerations have the potential to become incubators of political instability. This is especially true of rapidly growing cities which are located in countries that are also experiencing high rates of growth in their youth population. Rapid growth rates put stress on urban infrastructure and other institutions, and these stresses can cause major problems for both city and national governments. Knowing when these cities and countries may be trending toward their tipping points regarding political instability will help governments and international organizations develop and implement effective strategies to mitigate the risk of instability.
A Decision Analysis Framework To Consider Space Congestion In Orbit Selection, Anthony J. Correale
A Decision Analysis Framework To Consider Space Congestion In Orbit Selection, Anthony J. Correale
Theses and Dissertations
Low Earth Orbit (LEO) is becoming more congested, which increases the risk to space missions. Decision makers will need to consider this increase in congestion as an increased risk within their mission engineering process. This thesis proposes a methodology to create and implement a value structure that quantitatively scores a range of orbits based on congestion factors of each orbit and how well each orbit meets mission requirements. This thesis demonstrates this methodology on a set of circular LEO orbits defined by altitude and inclination, and scores this illustrative scenario based on notional mission measures and expected number of encounters …
Hydrologic Profiles And Geospatial Trend Analysis Evaluating Recurrent Flooding At Coastal U.S. Air Force Installations, Dylan D. Bechen
Hydrologic Profiles And Geospatial Trend Analysis Evaluating Recurrent Flooding At Coastal U.S. Air Force Installations, Dylan D. Bechen
Theses and Dissertations
Military installations are exposed to numerous threats, including a changing climate and the risk of recurrent flooding. The four components of recurrent flooding are sea-level rise, tidal fluctuations, storm surges, and precipitation. This research analyzed 40 years of historical precipitation and tidal data at 17 coastal U.S. Air Force installations using indicators of both peak and threshold exceedances to identify long-term temporal trends in the hydrologic components that make up recurrent flood risk, establishing an installation’s “hydrologic profile” which can be used to better inform decision makers when evaluating portfolio-wide adaptation strategies and prioritization of long-term infrastructure investments.
Surrogate Modeling Of Computational Aerodynamic Responses For A Generic Hypersonic Vehicle, Jacob R. Johanik
Surrogate Modeling Of Computational Aerodynamic Responses For A Generic Hypersonic Vehicle, Jacob R. Johanik
Theses and Dissertations
In the field of multidisciplinary hypersonic vehicle design, striking the balance between the accuracy and efficiency of a predictive aerodynamic response model is a significant challenge. In response to this challenge, the objective of this thesis is to evaluate the aerodynamic performance of a Generic Hypersonic Vehicle (GHV) using the technique of surrogate modeling Computational Fluid Dynamic data points across a large range of flight conditions. To accomplish this, the full CFD process was conducted by preparing the vehicle geometry, generating a grid, computing the flow, and post-processing the data. A three-dimensional, quasi-random distribution of 1000 points defined the design …
Deep Learning Approach To Multi-Phenomenological Nuclear Fuel Cycle Signals For Nonproliferation Applications, Preston J. Dicks
Deep Learning Approach To Multi-Phenomenological Nuclear Fuel Cycle Signals For Nonproliferation Applications, Preston J. Dicks
Theses and Dissertations
In order to reduce the time required for data analysis and decision-making relevant to nuclear proliferation detection, Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques are applied to multi-phenomenological signals emitted from nuclear fuel cycle facilities to identify non-human readable characteristic signatures of operations for use in detecting proliferation activities. Seismic and magnetic emanations were collected in the vicinity of the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) and the McClellan Nuclear Research Center (MNRC). A novel bi-phenomenology DL network is designed to test the viability of transfer learning between nuclear reactor facilities. It is found that the network produces an 84.1% accuracy (99.4% without transient …
Analysis Of The Perspective On Syrian Refugees By Neighboring Countries, Norma Ghanem
Analysis Of The Perspective On Syrian Refugees By Neighboring Countries, Norma Ghanem
Theses and Dissertations
Mass migration destabilizes neighboring states, opening the way for fragile state exploitation by enemies, including those that could undermine U.S. national interests. This study investigates an area of the Levant region, specifically countries neighboring Syria, and analyzes their perspective on Syrian refugees for the time frame of 1 June 2019 - 30 June 2020. This analysis may assist in forming policy and creating strategies to address refugee related issues, both domestic and international. There are three main questions addressed. The first inspects dominant refugee framing, the second explores sentiment (dis)similarity within each country and across countries, and the third investigates …
Assessing The United States Foreign Assistance Activities Impact On Violent Conflicts, Daniel F. Feze
Assessing The United States Foreign Assistance Activities Impact On Violent Conflicts, Daniel F. Feze
Theses and Dissertations
The Global Fragility Act, H.R.2116 116th Cong. (2019), “directs the Department of State to establish the interagency Global Fragility Initiative to stabilize conflict-affected areas and prevent violence globally, and establishes funds to support such efforts”. The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) has identified deteriorating economies, weak or illegitimate political institutions, and competition over natural resources as causes of violence, extremism and instability (USAID, 2021). The agency gives priority to mitigating the causes and consequences of violent conflicts, instability and extremism and funds programs and activities to accomplish that (USAID, 2021). With this study, we aim to quantitatively assess …
Global Sporadic-E Climatological Analysis Using Gps Radio Occultation And Ionosonde Data, Travis J. Hodos
Global Sporadic-E Climatological Analysis Using Gps Radio Occultation And Ionosonde Data, Travis J. Hodos
Theses and Dissertations
A climatology of sporadic-E (Es) derived from a combined data set of GPS radio occultation (GPS-RO) and ground-based ionosonde soundings is presented for the period from September 2006 to February 2019. The ionosonde soundings were measured using the Lowell Digisonde International (LDI) Global Ionosphere Radio Observatory (GIRO) network consisting of 65 sites and 13,141,060 total soundings. The GPS-RO observations were taken aboard the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) satellites and processed using two binary Es detection algorithms, totaling 9,072,922 occultations. The first algorithm is an S4 amplitude threshold calibrated to the occurrence of any blanketing Es …
Performance Improvement Through Better Understanding Of Supply Chain Resilience, Amanda L. Femano
Performance Improvement Through Better Understanding Of Supply Chain Resilience, Amanda L. Femano
Theses and Dissertations
Businesses operate every day in a disruptive environment. Supply and demand uncertainty, natural disasters, global pandemics, and mishaps can all cause chaos to a supply chain’s flow. It is impossible to predict every disruption a supply chain may encounter. The best an organization can do to protect network performance is to build resilience in the supply chain and life-blood of its operations. Ensuring that a supply chain has the proper built-in mechanisms to resist and recover from disruptions is referred to as Supply Chain Resilience (SCR). While it is generally agreed that SCR can be improved through the implementation of …
Optimizing Cost And Performance Of Infrastrucure Alternatives At Contingency Bases In A Hub-And-Spoke Network, Kyle J. Rodriguez
Optimizing Cost And Performance Of Infrastrucure Alternatives At Contingency Bases In A Hub-And-Spoke Network, Kyle J. Rodriguez
Theses and Dissertations
Military contingency bases require substantial resources and funding sustain and are often not connected to an infrastructure grid. Infrastructure assets produce the required outputs for sustainment, but are often expensive and inefficient, producing a significant logistical burden. With the increasing near-peer threats of opposing military forces, there is a need for more self-sufficient contingency bases with alternatives that reduce resources usage and the cost of sustainment. Accordingly, the goal of this research is to develop an optimization model capable of selecting infrastructure alternative combinations that minimize the overall resource usage and cost of sustainment at the contingency base level.
Gps-Denied Localization Of Daughter-Ships In A Mother-Daughter Ship Collaborative Environment, Ethan W. Jacquin
Gps-Denied Localization Of Daughter-Ships In A Mother-Daughter Ship Collaborative Environment, Ethan W. Jacquin
Theses and Dissertations
This research investigates the possibility of using the communication link between a mothership and daughter-ship UAV and an Extended Kalman Filter algorithm as a replacement of GPS, assuming a ranging link exists between the mothership and daughter-ship and that the mothership is GPS-enabled. A simulation study examines the viability of the approach and the effect of parameters such as distance, altitude, roll angle, speed, ranging sensor noise, and inertial measurement unit uncertainty were considered. The magnitude of the errors between predicted and measured position were examined and a range of acceptable flight parameters was formed.
Stochastic Programming Design For West Africa Logistics Networks, Julius C. Walker
Stochastic Programming Design For West Africa Logistics Networks, Julius C. Walker
Theses and Dissertations
The USAFRICOM is studying methods to increase the resiliency of its West African Logistic Network, a hub-and-spoke network design responsible for sustaining long term humanitarian and security missions in the West Africa region. This paper employs a two-stage stochastic programming network design modeled on the WALN that builds a flexible supply chain capable of responding to periodic disruptions while maintaining peak resiliency. Elements such as cost, probability, and event-based disruption are integrated into the model to mirror challenges the WALN faces. We demonstrate that incorporating resilient based response mechanism provide a 90% reduction in cost compared to meeting the logistical …
Evaluating The Impact Of Culture On Customer Satisfaction For Fms Projects, Yaquari A. Adams Ii
Evaluating The Impact Of Culture On Customer Satisfaction For Fms Projects, Yaquari A. Adams Ii
Theses and Dissertations
The cost, time, and quality pillars of the iron triangle in project management are often considered the most important factors for managers to consider when striving to achieve project success. However, recent literature suggests customer satisfaction and end-user benefit are the most important elements to prioritize during project development. This research analyzes the Air Force Security Assistance Center Construction Division and Foreign Military Sales (FMS) joint construction operations in relation to two Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) knowledge areas, project stakeholder management and project risk management. Project stakeholder management is addressed by identifying the relationship between cultural competency and …
Aligning Performance Management Systems For Lasting Outcomes In Humanitarian Operations, Kalyn M. Howard
Aligning Performance Management Systems For Lasting Outcomes In Humanitarian Operations, Kalyn M. Howard
Theses and Dissertations
Logistics is dynamic, expansive, and critical to organizational success. While it is generally believed that effective logistics management is associated with positive performance outcomes, the links between organizational practice and performance are understudied. This dissertation leverages resource-based theory and organizational learning theory to examine organizational practice and performance in non-traditional logistics settings, with particular focus on military organizations and humanitarian operational settings. First, a meta-analytical study establishes generalizable associations between various operations management practices and performance outcomes. Then, this is applied to dynamic humanitarian logistics settings, exploring how practitioners perceive practice and performance, and how this is reported and documented …