Engineering Commons^™

Development Of A New Electrodeposition Process For Plating Of Zn-Ni-X (X = Cd, P) Alloys: I. Corrosion Characteristics Of Zn-Ni-Cd Ternary Alloys, Anand Durairajan, Bala S. Haran, Ralph E. White, Branko N. Popov

Faculty Publications

A new Zn-Ni-Cd plating process was developed which offers a unique way of controlling and optimizing the Ni and Cd contents in the final deposit. Zinc-nickel-cadmium alloy was deposited from a 0.5 M NiSO₄ + 0.2 M ZnSO₄ bath in the presence of 0.015 M CdSO₄ and 1 g/L nonyl phenyl polyethylene oxide. Using this process a Zn-Ni-Cd ternary alloy, with a higher nickel content as compared to that obtained from conventional Zn-Ni baths, was synthesized. The Zn-Ni-Cd alloy coatings deposited from an electrolyte containing 0.015 M (0.3%) CdSO₄ has a Zn to Ni ratio of …

Synthesis And Application Of Polymeric Corrosion Inhibitor For Reinforced Concrete, Weiwei Lin, Shengxian Wang, Jianqing Zhang

Journal of Electrochemistry

A new polymer E Twas synthesized and used as a corrosion inhibitor for reinforced concrete. The inhibitive behavior and mechanism were studied with linear polarization ,Tafel polarization,EIS and XPS method in simulated pore solution system with concrete samples.The result showed that the polymer was a mixing type inhibitor. A 1% dosage was sufficient to imhibit the corrosion of steel in simulated pore solution system. The salt endurance was enhanced from 0.02 mol/L to 0.10 mol/L.The result also showed the good synergetic effect of NaNO 2,especially in low NaNO 2 concentration.The EIS showed that E_T has dual function on reinforced concrete,i.e.,densifying …

Methods Of Corrosion Protection And Durability Of Concrete Bridge Decks Reinforced With Epoxy-Coated Bars - Phase I, Lisa Michele Samples, J. A. Ramirez

JTRP Technical Reports

In this study, the results of an extensive field and laboratory investigation conducted to evaluate the corrosion performance of epoxy-coated reinforcement are reported. One hundred and twenty three concrete bridge decks containing epoxy-coated reinforcement, uncoated reinforcement, and various other corrosion protection systems were included in a field investigation. An initial visual inspection of these bridge decks showed that 44% had signs of distress from corrosion of the reinforcement. Six decks, representing 5% of the total sample, were selected for a second more detailed survey. Three of the six decks had epoxy-coated reinforcement. This number represents 11% of the total sample …

Corrosion Characteristics Of Electrodeposited Ni Mo P Alloy Immersed In Nacl Solution, Yue Zeng, Hongxin Huang, Xiaoming Xiao, Shixun Lian

Journal of Electrochemistry

The corrosion characteristics of electrodeposited Ni Mo P alloy immersed in 5wt.% NaCl solution were investigated using immersion, anodic polarization curves, XPS and AES analysis. The corrosion rates of amorphous Ni Mo P alloys are lower than that of crystalline Ni Mo P alloys. Anodic polarization curve experiments show that for the electrodeposited Ni Mo P alloys, the nickel mol fraction of which has in between 0.719 and 0.868, the corrosion potential moves to positive with the increase of P content, and the peak current value of active region increase with the increase of Mo content in alloys, though the …

Mechanical Properties, Structure, And Corrosion Characteristics Of Al And Al-Zn Coated Steel Sheets, Farraj El Shammari

Archived Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Current Concepts Review - Corrosion Of Metal Orthopaedic Implants, Joshua J. Jacobs, Jeremy L. Gilbert, Robert M. Urban

Biomedical and Chemical Engineering - All Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Characterization Of Hydrogen Permeation Through Zinc-Nickel Alloys Under Corroding Conditions: Mathematical Model And Experimental Study, M. Ramasubramanian, Branko N. Popov, Ralph E. White

Faculty Publications

A mathematical model was developed for the characterization of hydrogen permeation into metals and alloys under corroding conditions. The model requires a knowledge of the corrosion rate of the given metal or alloy in solutions of various H⁺ concentrations. It provides quantitative values of rate constants of the hydrogen discharge, recombination, and adsorption reactions. This model can serve as a diagnostic criterion for determining the effectiveness of various metals and alloys as hydrogen permeation inhibitors and can be used for evaluation of hydrogen entry inhibition efficiency. Experiments were carried out to study the effectiveness of thin layers of electrodeposited …

Corrosion Of Metal Hip Arthroplasties And Its Possible Role In Loosening, H. K. Koerten, J. J. A. M. Van Raay, J. J. M. Onderwater, F. P. Bernoski, P. M. Rozing

Cells and Materials

Tissue removed with human hip arthroplasties during revision surgery of 45 patients was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy and X -ray microanalysis (XRMA). The results show that microscopic and submicroscopic particles are abundantly present in the tissue at the tissue/implant interface. XRMA of individual particles shows that the chemical composition of a portion of the particles was in agreement with that of the retrieved implants. Regularly, particulates with a dissimilar chemical composition were found. Sometimes, these particles could be recognized as filler particles of the cements used. Other particles could partly or completely be composed of the chemical elements that …

Characterization Of Iron Oxides And Atmospheric Corrosion Of Steel, Sei Jin Oh

Physics Theses & Dissertations

The study of corrosion behavior was performed using three different analytical techniques, which provided information on the formation, development and layering of iron oxides on the corrosion products as a function of atmospheric conditions, exposure time and type of steel. In particular, the protective layer formed on weathering steel was investigated as a function of different amounts of alloying elements in the steel, atmospheric conditions and exposure times. Combined together, the results provided a better understanding of the atmospheric corrosion behavior of steel, and formed a part of database of the atmospheric corrosion characteristics.

Accurate characterization of the iron oxides …

Electrochemical Study Of The Corrosion Behavior Of Coalesced Copper And Sw-206 Stainless Steel In The Acetic-Acid Solution, Rongzong Hu, Changjian Lin, Jianguang Tan

Journal of Electrochemistry

In order to provide a theoretic and experimental consideration for the material selection and anit-corrosion in the petrochemical industries the corrosion behavior of coalesced copper and sw-206 stainless steel in the acetic acid solution was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and polarization techniques. The effects of the temperature,acetic acid concentration and solubilized oxygen in the acetic acid solution on the corrosion process of this two metals were analyzed. It was found that these effects obviously accelerate corrosion process for the coalesced copper,but no apparent influnce for the sw-206 stainless steel.In the the acetic acid solution,containing water and oxygen were beneficial …

Protection Of Steel Using Aluminum Sacrificial Anodes In Artificial Seawater, Tai-Ming Tsai

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

The performance of aluminum alloys used as sacrificial anodes for cathodic protection in seawater was investigated in this study, Results show that A1 -3.5%Zn -0.05%In sacrificial anode alloy C has the best current efficiency, most negative open circuit potential and energy characteristics among five different Al-Zn-In alloys. Polarization curve of alloy C also shows no passivation behavior in artificial seawater. The corrosion rate of mild steel in artificial seawater was determined as a function of applied cathodic potential. The cathodic protection potential determined for mild steel in seawater was -0.78 V,SCE for a corrosion rate of less than 1 mpy. …

The Inhibition Of Amphipathic S- And N-Containing Compounds On Carbon Steel Corrosion, Wei Xing, Yibin Shan, Du Guo, Tianhog Lu, Shiquan Xi

Journal of Electrochemistry

Ordered monolayers of S- and N-containing amphipathic corrosion inhibitors were depoitod onto the surfaces of carbon steel electrode with super-molecular assembly technique. The effect of molecular aggregation of monolayers on carbon steel corrosion in 0. 05 mol dl￣(-3)H_2SO_4 and the mechanisms of these inhibitors were discussed in details. It was found that the transport of hydrated hydrogen ion to the surface of steel depends strongly on the inhibitor molecular aggregation in the monolayers.

Effects Of Solidification Conditions And Heat Treatment On The Microstructure And Vickers Hardness Of Pd-Cu-Ga Dental Alloys, William A. Brantley, Zhuo Cai, Stanley G. Vermilyea, Efstratios Papazoglou, John C. Mitchell, Alan B. Carr

Cells and Materials

Two representative Pd-Cu-Ga dental alloys, one with a dendritic as-cast microstructure containing a eutectic interdendritic constituent and the other with an equiaxed fine-grained as-cast microstructure containing a near-surface eutectic constituent, have been subjected to rapid quenching following casting, in addition to the conventional bench cooling recommended by the manufacturers. The quenched alloys were subsequently heat treated at temperatures of 1200°, 1500° and 1800 op that span the range of the firing cycles for dental porcelain. Scanning electron microscopic examination showed that the lamellar eutectic constituents normally present in the microstructures of the as-cast and bench-cooled alloys persisted when the alloys …

Optical Fiber Fourier Transform Infrared Evanescent Wave Absorption Spectroscopy Of Aluminum Hydroxide And Natural Corrosion, Juock S. Namkung

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

A new technique for continuous, real-time, in-situ detection of natural corrosion of aluminum alloys is presented. The technique is a generalized version of attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy, that combines optical fibers and a Michelson interferometer spectrometer to make evanescent wave absorption measurements. Aluminum hydroxide is one of the major corrosion products of aluminum. Absorption spectra of powdered samples of aluminum corrosion, in the spectral region around three micrometers have been studied and compared with the spectra from pure powdered aluminum hydroxide. A chalcogenide optical fiber was used as an attenuated total reflectance (ATR) optical element. The same samples were …

The Composition Structure And Corrosion Resistance Of Al-Mn Alloy Plating, Jiaju Guo

Journal of Electrochemistry

The Al-Mn alloy plating was electrodeposition from low temperature molten salts(below 200℃),its chemical composition control,corrosion resistance as well as the relationshipbetween chemical composition and structure were studied.The results indicate that the main effect onchemical composition of Al-Mn alloy plating is Mn ion concentration in molten salts.The Mn contentin the range of 25～40(wt)%, Al-Mn alloy plating has amorphous structure. In 0.5 mol/L H_2SO_4and NaCl solution ,corrosion resistance of the alloy plating is much better.When the alloy hasamorphous structure,corrosion resistance of plating has been remarkably increased.

Application Of Inhibitor To Improve The Anticorrosion Performance Of Electrophoretic Coating, Changshou Cai, Fangteng Su, Bihuan Liu, Guomou Wen, Jingdong Guo

Journal of Electrochemistry

To improve the anti-corrosion performance of electrocoating,organic andinorganic inhibitors are applied in an anodic electrophoretic-coating.The results show that thedeposition of polymer with zinc phospate exhibits a high inbihition efficiency.The inhibitionmechanism of the inhibitor in electrocoating has been studied.

Long-Term Effects Of Neutron Absorber And Fuel Matrix Corrosion On Criticality, William Culbreth, P. Zielinski

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Research

Proposed waste package designs will require the addition of neutron absorbing material to prevent the possibility of a sustained chain reaction occurring in the fuel in the event of water intrusion. Due to the low corrosion rates of the fuel matrix and the Zircaloy cladding, there is a possibility that the neutron absorbing material will corrode and leak from the waste container long before the subsequent release of fuel matrix material. An analysis of the release of fuel matrix and neutron absorber material based on a probabilistic model was conducted and the results were used to prepare input to KENO-V, …

Pitting Of Fe-Mn-Al Alloys In Nacl Solution, M Ruscak, T.P Perng

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

the increase of ferrite content. However, the nearly ferritic alloy showed much better passivation behavior, presumably due to the addition of 6% Cr.In aerated solution, no or very small passive region was observed. From the immersion test, the general corrosion was found to be minor. Pitting corrosion was the primary corrosion except for the ferritic alloy. The pits were found more frequently in the ferrite phase or at the interface between the ferrite and austenite phases.

Comparing Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Methods For Estimating The Degree Of Delamination Of Organic Coatings On Steel, S. A. Mccluney, S. N. Popova, Branko N. Popov, Ralph E. White, R. B. Griffin

Faculty Publications

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to evaluate the degree of delamination of the epoxy primer Uniprime ED-4¹ electrocoated on phosphate-treated cold-rolled steel in 3.5% NaCl exposed to air. Specimens with coating thicknesses of 20.3 and 20.8 µm and surface areas of 78.5 cm² were used. Coating parameters were obtained using a circuit-analog model. The area of delamination was estimated using several EIS parameters, including the pore resistance and the break point frequency. These values were compared to the corroded area determined visually. All methods considered exhibited a strong correlation over some or all of the range of …

Field Inspections Of High-Performance Bridge Paints, Theodore Hopwood Ii, Edgar E. Courtney, James H. Havens

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Paint inspections were performed on 19 steel bridges. Those structures employed various high-performance sacrificial and barrier paints. Those paints were used singly and in combination. The surface preparation varied for some of those paint systems.

The inspections included four girder bridges that had original paint and 15 others, mostly trusses that were repainted. Kentucky Transportation Center personnel also monitored several bridges during repainting operations. The inspections revealed that the original paint was in excellent condition. Most of the coatings on the repainted bridges were performing well. Some of those bridges have some spot corrosion. Only one of those bridges showed …

Calcium Nitrite As A Corrosion Inhibitor In Reinforced Concrete Bridge Decks, Theodore Hopwood Ii, David Q. Hunsucker, Edgar E. Courtney

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The use of calcium nitrite es a corrosion-inhibiting admixture in reinforced concrete hes been studied on two bridges· the Kentucky 152 Bridge in Washington County and the Gose Road Bridge in Boyle County. Calcium nitrite was added to concrete used in the slabs, diaphragms and barriers of the KY 152 bridge and only in the slab of the Good Road bridge.

Construction of both structures was monitored in the fall of 1986. Placement of concrete on both bridges was satisfactory; however, problems were experienced in finishing the concrete. The finishing problems were related to: 1) concrete 'stickiness', 2) use of …

Electrochemical Technique For Corrosion Monitoring, Nadia Mohamed Khattab

Archived Theses and Dissertations

The present work is a study of the applicability of linear polarisation resistance technique as a means for corrosion monitoring. Parameters tested were alloy composition, surface finish of specimens before exposure, concentration of aqueous environment and the additional effect of soil to the aqueou􀀂 medium. A simple galvanostatic polarisation circuit was utilized. A polarisation resistance curve was then plotted from which the corrosion current densities and corrosion rates were calculated. The results of this work show that Corrosion reactions depend on both thermodynamic and kinetic parameters, also these reactions are under mixed control and the potential actually measured at the …

A Mathematical Model For The Initial Corrosion Rate Of A Porous Layer On A Rotating Disk Electrode, William E. Ryan, Ralph E. White, S. L. Kelly

Faculty Publications

A mathematical model is presented for the initial corrosion rate of a porous layer on a rotating disk electrode. The model is used to predict the corrosion potential and corrosion current density for a porous electrode made of pure iron in aerated caustic solutions. The dependence of these predictions on some of the properties of the porous layer is presented. It is shown that the corrosion rate depends significantly on the specific surface area of the porous electrode.

Inspection, Prevention, And Remedy Of Suspension Bridge Cable Corrosion Problems, Theodore Hopwood Ii, James H. Havens

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report discusses methods for visually inspecting cable suspension bridges for corrosion damage. The report discusses how to plan and perform such work, including the locations on cables where corrosion damage is likely to be detected. The report also provides recommendations for assessing the condition of suspension bridge wire. Recommendations also are included for remedial cable repair work should corrosion damage be detected.

Corrosion Of Cable Suspension Bridges, Theodore Hopwood Ii, James H. Havens

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report discusses corrosion problems encountered on the cables of suspension bridges. A historical review is given of past cable suspension bridge corrosion and related laboratory work.

Findings of inspections of suspension bridges at Maysville, KY, Covington, KY, and Portsmouth, OH, are discussed. Recommendations are presented.

The Anodic Dissolution Of Tungsten, James W. Johnson, Cheng-Hsiao Wu

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The anodic dissolution of tungsten was studied in H₂SO₄-K₂SO₄ solutions (pH = -2 to 2.5) and K₂SO₄-K₂CO₃-KOH solutions (pH = 11.5 to 14.5) at 25 C. Faradaic efficiency studies in basic solutions showed the metal to be oxidized to the +6 state. In acid solutions, a thick protective film of yellow WO₃ was formed. Polarization curves possessed linear Tafel regions (slope ~ 2.3 RT/F) at potentials slightly more positive than the rest potentials. An anodic dissolution mechanism is proposed which involves a surface film …

Electrolytic Refining Of Copper By The Series System, Jerome Yopps

Bachelors Theses and Reports, 1928 - 1970

The purpose of this thesis investigation was to determine the characteristics of the series system of electrolytic refining of copper.

An Investigation Into Salt-Bath Heat Treatment For Titanium, Robert Fred Bechtold

Bachelors Theses and Reports, 1928 - 1970

Titanium, although possessing excellent corrosion resistance in some media, is severely attacked by molten inorganic salts such as those employed in heat-treating baths. Since titanium undergoes allotropic changes, many of its alloys are amendable to heat treatment. The purpose of this study was to discover a salt (or other suitable medium) in which titanium alloys can be successfully heat treated without fear of corrosion.