Engineering Commons^™

Development Of Poly-Vinyl Alcohol (Pva) And Moringa Oleifera-Based Nanofibre Patches For Wound Healing Using An Indigenous Electrospinning Setup, Suvarna Ghosh, Merla Sudha, Rakshith Prajwal R S, Sameer A Nadaf, Shreya R S, Pronama Biswas, Belaguppa Manjunath Ashwin Desai

Manipal Journal of Science and Technology

Wound healing is a crucial process that underlines the body’s ability to recover and restore damaged tissues. Conventional cotton-based dressings act as a physical barrier between the environment and open wound and are not actively involved in wound healing. This type of dressing can lead to maceration of scab, and infection and can cause pain upon removal. Functionalized nanofibre patches that can accelerate wound healing are being researched worldwide to overcome these challenges. Electrospinning has emerged as the most promising technique for engineering nanofibres for diverse applications. In this study, the wound-healing potential of PVA nanofibres functionalized with different concentrations …

Detection Of Tuberculosis Using 2-D Photonic Crystal-Based Biosensor, Markov Vladimir, Skobelev Maksim, Neeraja Patil, Prathap P B, Saara K

Manipal Journal of Science and Technology

While there has been a significant increase in healthcare demands and the need for precise clinical judgment, it is important to note that the performance enhancement of photonic crystal sensors is not solely attributed to this surge in demand. Instead, photonic crystal-based biosensors have demonstrated improved performance over conventional biosensors. In this study, a 2-D photonic crystal-based biosensor with a square lattice structure, measuring 6 x 6 µm in length and width respectively, was proposed. The biosensor utilizes Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) as a sensing material, where TiO2 is employed to attract target molecules present in the sample. The proposed biosensor …

Pid Controller Design Of An Avr System, Soumya Pan

Manipal Journal of Science and Technology

Voltage control and reactive power management are two facets that enable the reliability of the transmission network. More reactive power demand causes a voltage drop at the generator terminal. Such reactive power demand may arise from some industries connected to the transmission line. Usually, this reactive power is of an inductive nature which causes the voltage drop. In this regard, automatic voltage regulation (AVR) is an important aspect that is responsible for the continuous adjustment of field excitation to maintain the generator terminal voltage constant. This is done by comparing the terminal voltage with a reference voltage and by changing …

Advanced Eye Movement Tracking Using Computer Vision For Physically Disabled Patients, Anitha V R, Nisha Ponnambalam, Impana Bharadwaj, Rajat Mundhra

Manipal Journal of Science and Technology

The paper introduces an efficient mobility assistance system to empower individuals with moderate to severe physical disabilities and chronic disorders such as Quadriplegia (Paralysis of four limbs) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, utilizing advanced technology. The project focuses on developing an affordable eye-controlled wheelchair using Raspberry Pi, Pi camera, DC motors, proximity sensor, and computer vision technology. The core innovation involves integrating a Pi camera onto the wheelchair to obtain a live acquisition feed of the patient’s eye. This captured eye movement serves as a control input to the Raspberry Pi board. Advanced computer vision algorithms analyze and translate the patient’s …

Wireless Ev Charging System Integrated With Smart Streetlight, Preeti Bhat, Nithin N S, Rohan Satish, Pavan C A

Manipal Journal of Science and Technology

Electric vehicles (EVs) are revolutionizing transportation, offering a cleaner and more sustainable alternative to traditional gasoline-powered cars. By eliminating tailpipe emissions, EVs significantly reduce air pollution in cities and contribute to a cleaner environment. Additionally, when charged with renewable energy sources like solar or wind, their environmental impact is further minimized. Electricity can be cheaper than gasoline, potentially reducing long-term running costs for EV owners. Additionally, EVs generally require less maintenance compared to gasoline vehicles due to fewer moving parts. When energy generation exceeds EV charging demands, the surplus energy is strategically directed to power streetlights. This reduces dependence on …

Exploring The Experiences Of African American Female Students In Engineering: A Narrative Literature Review, Anissa Guerin, Phd

Tapestry: Journal of Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Belonging in Education

Abstract

This narrative literature review delves into the experiences of African American female students in engineering, addressing their persistent underrepresentation in the field despite advancements in postsecondary education. By examining a broad range of research, the study explores the unique challenges faced by these students and investigates tools for their persistence and degree completion. The theoretical framework draws from intersectionality theory, emphasizing the intersecting identities of race and gender in shaping these experiences. Methodologically, a narrative literature review approach was employed, facilitating a comprehensive analysis of existing scholarship. Data collection involved rigorous criteria focusing specifically on empirical research or original …

Rotational Rheometry Test Of Portland Cement-Based Materials – A Systematic Literature Review, Laura Silvestro, Artur Spat Ruviaro, Geannina Lima, Luís Urbano Durlo Tambara Júnior, Dimitri Feys, Ana Paula Kirchheim

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This Study Systematically Reviews 62 Papers on the Use of Rotational Rheometry to Assess the Fresh State Behavior of Portland Cement-Based Materials. the Research Highlights the Wide Variation in Test Methods and Aims to Provide a Comprehensive overview. Findings Reveal that 50.0% of Studies Employed Vane Geometry, despite its Limitations in Providing Transformation Equations. Regarding Dynamic Shearing Tests, 67.0% Followed a Consensus using a Pre-Shearing Step and a Stepwise Routine with Stabilization Times ≥ 10 S. While the Bingham Model is Commonly Used, the Study Emphasizes the Importance of Considering Shear-Thinning Behavior in Cementitious Materials. Models Like Herschel-Bulkley and Modified …

Black Box Modeling Of Hvcb: A Comparative Approach, Raghdaa Elbahy, Ahmed Abdelbaset, Mahmoud Hammoda, Mansour H. Abdel-Rahman, Ebrahim A. Badran

Mansoura Engineering Journal

The extinction of an electric arc is a multifaceted process influenced by electric, magnetic, thermodynamic, and chemical phenomena. Black box models provide a mathematical depiction of the electrical characteristics of the arc. Although these models do not offer a complete explanation of the physical processes within a circuit breaker, they effectively describe its electric behavior. This study explores the modeling of electric arcs and the analysis of high-voltage circuit breakers using black box models such as Cassie, Mayr, and Schavemaker. To represent the circuit breaker model in ATPdraw, a customized MODELS block was employed. The paper presents a comparative evaluation …

California 4-H Computer Science Education Pathway, Steven M. Worker, Roshan Nayak, Fe Moncloa

The Journal of Extension

Young people need digital competency and confidence to effectively harness computing power to solve problems and design solutions; a core component is improving young people’s computational thinking. Unfortunately, access to computer science education is lacking for all youth, and in particular for youth who live in lower-income households, who are Black or Latino, or live in rural areas. With funding from Google, through the National 4-H Council, California 4-H embarked on a three-year project to build the capacity of 4-H professionals, volunteers, and teenagers to facilitate computer science education with youth. Our programming was effective as assessed with survey methodology. …

Exploring Differences In Perceived Learning For Students In Online Versus Face-To-Face Collegiate Pilot Ground Schools: A Quantitative Causal-Comparative Study, Christopher Komsa

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this quantitative, causal-comparative study was to determine if there was a difference in the perceived learning of students completing online versus face-to-face collegiate pilot ground schools. Higher education institutions with pilot training programs are highly invested in student success and Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) compliance. A growing number of students are taking online courses in college, and this shift was accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Perceived learning was quantified using a web-based survey that collected perceived learning data as measured by the Cognitive, Affective, and Psychomotor (CAP) Perceived Learning Scale. A sample of 86 students at University …

Hardware Acceleration Of Numerical Methods For Solving Ordinary Differential Equations, Soham Bhattacharya

Theses and Dissertations

Along with the advancement in technology, the role of hardware accelerators is increasing consistently, delivering advancements in scientific simulations and data analysis in scientific computing, signal processing tasks in communication systems, matrix operations, and neural network computations in artificial intelligence and machine learning models. On the other hand, several high-speed computer applications in this era of high-performance computing often depend on ordinary differential equations (ODEs); however, their nonlinear nature can present a challenge to obtaining analytic solutions. Consequently, numerical approaches prove effective in delivering only approximate solutions to these equations. This research discusses the implementation of a customized hardware accelerator …

Capstone Review: Filament Unit Multiplexing Engine, Gal Cohen

University Honors Theses

The Filament Unit Multiplexing Engine (FUME) is a Mechanical Engineering capstone project sponsored by Portland State University's Electronic Prototyping Lab (EPL). The project addresses the need for an automated system to manage 3D printing operations. The current manual process of selecting and routing a spool of filament to one of the available 3D printers is labor-intensive and limits the efficiency of the lab’s 3D printing farm. FUME aims to create a custom solution tailored for a multi-user, multi-spool, and multi-printer environment. The designed system includes key components: a spool holder, an engine, a track and shuttle system, and a funnel. …

Shape Memory Alloy Capsule Micropump For Drug Delivery Applications, Youssef Mohamed Kotb

Theses and Dissertations

Implantable drug delivery devices have many benefits over traditional drug administration techniques and have attracted a lot of attention in recent years. By delivering the medication directly to the tissue, they enable the use of larger localized concentrations, enhancing the efficacy of the treatment. Passive-release drug delivery systems, one of the various ways to provide medication, are great inventions. However, they cannot dispense the medication on demand since they are nonprogrammable. Therefore, active actuators are more advantageous in delivery applications. Smart material actuators, however, have greatly increased in popularity for manufacturing wearable and implantable micropumps due to their high energy …

Atom Probe Tomography Of Segregation At Grain Boundaries And Gas Bubbles In Neutron Irradiated U-10 Wt% Mo Fuel, Maalavan Arivu, Andrew Hoffman, Mukesh Bachhav, Assel Aitkaliyeva, Yaqiao Wu, Brandon Miller, Dennis Keiser, Jian Gan, Haiming Wen

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

During Neutron Irradiation to Fission Densities > 5.2 X 1021 Fiss/cm3, Xe Agglomerates Forming Gas Bubbles of Varying Size within the U-Mo Fuel Matrix. Herein, Segregation of Fission Products to Xe Bubbles and Grain Boundaries (GB) Were Studied using Atom Probe Tomography (APT). Segregation Behavior Was Found to Vary among GBs, Small Bubbles (<10 >Nm), and Larger Bubbles (>10 Nm). Solid Fission Products Were Enriched at GBs and Larger Bubbles, But Not at Small Bubbles. a Denuded Zone Was Identified Adjacent to a > 10 Nm Xe Gas Bubble and a GB.

Differentiating Dynamic System Outcomes In Cam Photosynthesis Through Sonification, Duncan Turley

Civil and Environmental Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

Sonification is a powerful tool that is harnessed by modern engineers to represent information through audio, and is beginning to be used to interpret more complex data sets. Sonification can be used to facilitate the listeners' ability to grasp microscopic or complex changes in the state of a system. This study uses the assigning of sound patterns to model outputs that indicate chaotic or non-chaotic systems in Crassulacean acid metabolism photosynthesis. Using sound allows the interpretation of chaotic data without the more time intensive processes typically used, such as of Fast Fourier Transformations. Based on past research, it is known …

Technologies For Wearable Seizure Detection: A Systematic Review, Rhema E. Losli

University Honors Theses

Knowing when a seizure occurred is helpful because this information can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of seizure interventions and possibly alert caregivers to emergency situations. The current practice for recording seizures outside of a hospital and without sensors is through keeping a self-reported seizure diary. This practice may be unreliable if the diary is not updated or the person having the seizure does not realize it is happening. Wearable seizure detectors aim to solve this problem by reliably recording when a seizure happened and either sending out an alert or storing the data for later analysis. In this …

Preservation Of Biomass In Underground Capsules Using An Open-Source Wireless Water Activity Sensor System: Capstone Review, Joshua Varughese

University Honors Theses

This paper highlights the progression of a two-term senior capstone project in the ECE department at Portland State University. Sponsored by Dr. David Burnett from PSU’s WEST Lab, the project aims to produce an affordable wireless monitoring system for water activity. The example scenario focuses on carbon sequestration where wood biomass is buried underground in enclosed capsules. For optimal sequestration, microorganisms capable of decaying the wood and releasing carbon back into the environment must be eliminated. Water activity, a key metric for measuring microbial activity, must be below 0.61 to prevent microbial survival. The system this project was designed for …

Modified Method For Assessing The Required Expenditures And Estimated Time Of Hard Coal Mine Liquidation, Andrzej Chmiela, Małgorzata Wysocka, Adam Smoliński

Journal of Sustainable Mining

The restructuring of hard coal mining requires significant budgetary expenditures. A comprehensive scientific approach may facilitate the rationalisation and minimisation of mine closure costs. This study proposes a method for the preliminary estimation of the costs and time required for the potential liquidation of a hard coal mine. In addition to a literature review, a statistical analysis and a case study, personal interviews were conducted with individuals with direct management over the restructuring, reclamation and liquidation processes pertaining to mines undergoing closure.

The assessment method is based on an analysis of the mine liquidation costs, divided into successive years of …

Federated Learning Based Autoencoder Ensemble System For Malware Detection On Internet Of Things Devices, Steven Edward Arroyo

Theses and Dissertations

New technologies are being introduced at a rate faster than ever before and smaller in size. Due to the size of these devices, security is often difficult to implement. The existing solution is a firewall-segmented “IoT Network” that only limits the effect of these infected devices on other parts of the network. We propose a lightweight unsupervised hybrid-cloud ensemble anomaly detection system for malware detection. We perform transfer learning using a generalized model trained on multiple IoT device sources to learn network traffic on new devices with minimal computational resources. We further extend our proposed system to utilize federated learning …

Physical Effects On The Worst-Case Delay Analysis And Signal Integrity Of Buses And Spirals, Mahmoud Mahany

Theses and Dissertations

Physical effects have a significant impact on the IC design which will be investigated in this thesis. Moving toward advanced technology nodes, magnetic effects become more dominant than capacitive effects. As the dimensions of the devices go down and the interconnect manipulates the circuit behavior more and more. Cross talking and voltage drops are affecting the design heavily, however - going to the full electromagnetic point of view - current return path (CRP) adds significant parasitics to the performance of the chip. Neglecting the CRP gives wrong intuition and simulation of the designs, especially that the environment and surroundings can …

A Comprehensive Study On The Impact Of Human Hair Fiber And Millet Husk Ash On Concrete Properties: Response Surface Modeling And Optimization, Naraindas Bheel, Muhammad Alamgeer Shams, Samiullah Sohu, Abdul Salam Buller, Taoufik Najeh, Fouad Ismail Ismail, Omrane Benjeddou

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering: Faculty Publications

Revolutionizing construction, the concrete blend seamlessly integrates human hair (HH) fibers and millet husk ash (MHA) as a sustainable alternative. By repurposing human hair for enhanced tensile strength and utilizing millet husk ash to replace sand, these materials not only reduce waste but also create a durable, eco-friendly solution. This groundbreaking methodology not only adheres to established structural criteria but also advances the concepts of the circular economy, representing a significant advancement towards environmentally sustainable and resilient building practices. The main purpose of the research is to investigate the fresh and mechanical characteristics of concrete blended with 10–40% MHA as …

An Efficient Method For Recognition Of Human-In-Motion Action Based On Foot-Lift Features, Khin Cho Tuna, Hla Myo Tunb

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

In the age of Industry 4.0, recognition of human moving actions becomes an essential element in smart surveillance systems at public places. The requirement of a large number of frames, view dependency and the requirement of big database are still challenging issues for human action recognition in real-time applications. This study proposes an efficient method for basic moving actions, “Walking” and “Running”, based on foot-lift features aiming at the recognition of ongoing moving action by reducing the number of frames required. The plane of moving path and foot-lift are estimated during the action by means of BLOB analysis. The performance …

Feasibility Of Parallelized Measurement Of Local Thermal Properties, Alexander J. Hansen

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis documents research done in the development and the exploration of feasibility for a high-throughput method to measure local thermal properties. The present capabilities in the measurement of local thermophysical properties such as thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and Kapitza resistance are very inefficient and impractical to fully understand and characterize heat transport through certain materials and features. This work follows up on past work in local thermal property measurement via the spatial domain thermoreflectance (SDTR) method, and explores the possibility of parallelizing the process. The parallelized SDTR (P-SDTR) method involves using laser projector sources to periodically heat and measure …

Infared Light-Based Data Association And Pose Estimation For Aircraft Landing In Urban Environments, David Akagi

Theses and Dissertations

In this thesis we explore an infrared light-based approach to the problem of pose estimation during aircraft landing in urban environments where GPS is unreliable or unavailable. We introduce a novel fiducial constellation composed of sparse infrared lights that incorporates projective invariant properties in its design to allow for robust recognition and association from arbitrary camera perspectives. We propose a pose estimation pipeline capable of producing high accuracy pose measurements at real-time rates from monocular infrared camera views of the fiducial constellation, and present as part of that pipeline a data association method that is able to robustly identify and …

Advancing Omnimodality: Expanding Human Creativity Through Adaptable And Accessible Multimodal Computing Systems, Joshua Urban Davis

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

Emerging technologies have given us a whole host of new ways for people to be

creative. From the immersive worlds of AR/VR to the synthesis powers of largelanguage

models and generative AI, these new tools hold the potential to reshape

human expression and creativity. But how can we ensure that these new modalities

are accessible to everyone, even those who aren’t able bodied? This thesis advocates

for a human-centered approach to the development of many-modal systems. I will

probe how our machines support, direct, or inhibit creativity as a mode of problem

solving through 6 novel multimodal prototype interfaces and …

Quantifying Variation Across 16s Rrna Gene Sequencing Runs In Human Microbiome Studies, Andrew J. Hoisington, Christopher E. Stamper, Joseph C. Ellis, Christopher A. Lowry, Lisa A. Brenner

Faculty Publications

Recent microbiome research has incorporated a higher number of samples through more participants in a study, longitudinal studies, and metanalysis between studies. Physical limitations in a sequencing machine can result in samples spread across sequencing runs. Here we present the results of sequencing nearly 1000 16S rRNA gene sequences in fecal (stabilized and swab) and oral (swab) samples from multiple human microbiome studies and positive controls that were conducted with identical standard operating procedures. Sequencing was performed in the same center across 18 different runs. The simplified mock community showed limitations in accuracy, while precision (e.g., technical variation) was robust …

Heartfev1: A Mobile Electrocardiogram Based System For Inferring Forced Expiratory Volume In One Second From Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Maria Nyamukuru

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), characterized by chronic airway inflammation and airflow obstruction, is the third leading cause of death globally. Patients with COPD experience exacerbated symptoms like breathlessness and cough, significantly impacting their quality of life and leading to costly hospitalizations. Early detection of COPD exacerbations is crucial for mitigating these negative effects.

The most critical element for early detection of COPD exacerbations is daily monitoring of lung function, particularly forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), a key metric of lung function. By tracking declines in FEV1, COPD exacerbations can be predicted up to two weeks in advance, …

From Hunch To Analysis: Risk Management In Tiered Dispute Resolution Processes, Troy L. Harris

Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal

The dispute resolution is process is filled with risk that decision-makers must identify, analyze, and manage. Risks can include unclear and conflicting objectives and uncertainties regarding strategic alternatives. While many litigators are adept at identifying these risks, systematic analysis and management of them is not typically part of lawyers’ education or training. And yet there is a rich body of management scholarship devoted to risk analysis and decision-making based upon multiple criteria. This article brings the insights of this management literature to bear upon a phenomenon commonly found in relational contracting, the “tiered” dispute resolution process. The article demonstrates that …

Using Sustainable Technique To Recycle Waste Paper In Academic Institutions, Mustafa M. Mansour

Al-Bahir Journal for Engineering and Pure Sciences

It has been clearly demonstrated that it would be feasible to consider recycling paper in an academic institution. This can be achieved through combining specific waste paper baskets, a pulping machine and power supplied by a renewable energy source, with an already established local paper making company. The paper making company would be able to gain a subsidy from the government which pays them to actually recycle paper, to counteract the cost of the pulped paper which is 30% more expensive than raw wood pulp. The academic institution would save money on waste disposal and decrease its carbon footprint by …

Spatiotemporal Insights Into Ranya's Land-Use Transformation Using Time-Series Imagery, Kaifi Chomani, Shwana Braim Hassan Manguri

Polytechnic Journal

Integration of GIS and remote sensing is a powerful source for implementing temporal analysis. The focus of this paper was to use Landsat 5 and 8 imageries to monitor changes in the Ranya city throughout five time periods (2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020). Image classification was done using iso cluster unsupervised classification tool via ArcGIS. To calculate the kappa coefficient and assess the accuracy, random points of the outcome were compared with ground truth data using Google Earth Pro, which produced highly accurate results. According to this study, the Ranya city had the highest proportion of green space (52%) …