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Articles 31 - 60 of 70
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Meta-Network: Optimized Species-Species Network Analysis For Microbial Communities, Pengshuo Yang, Shaojun Yu, Lin Cheng, Kang Ning
Meta-Network: Optimized Species-Species Network Analysis For Microbial Communities, Pengshuo Yang, Shaojun Yu, Lin Cheng, Kang Ning
Faculty Scholarship
© 2019 The Author(s). Background: The explosive growth of microbiome data provides ample opportunities to gain a better understanding of the microbes and their interactions in microbial communities. Given these massive data, optimized data mining methods become important and necessary to perform deep and comprehensive analysis. Among the various priorities for microbiome data mining, the examination of species-species co-occurrence patterns becomes one of the key themes in urgent need. Results: Hence, in this work, we propose the Meta-Network framework to lucubrate the microbial communities. Rooted in loose definitions of network (two species co-exist in a certain samples rather than all …
Long-Term Trajectories Of Human Civilization, Seth D. Baum, Stuart Armstrong, Timoteus Ekenstedt, Olle Häggström, Robin Hanson, Karin Kuhlemann, Matthijs M. Maas, James D. Miller, Markus Salmela, Anders Sandberg, Kaj Sotala, Phil Torres, Alexey Turchin, Roman V. Yampolskiy
Long-Term Trajectories Of Human Civilization, Seth D. Baum, Stuart Armstrong, Timoteus Ekenstedt, Olle Häggström, Robin Hanson, Karin Kuhlemann, Matthijs M. Maas, James D. Miller, Markus Salmela, Anders Sandberg, Kaj Sotala, Phil Torres, Alexey Turchin, Roman V. Yampolskiy
Faculty Scholarship
Purpose: This paper aims to formalize long-term trajectories of human civilization as a scientific and ethical field of study. The long-term trajectory of human civilization can be defined as the path that human civilization takes during the entire future time period in which human civilization could continue to exist. Design/methodology/approach: This paper focuses on four types of trajectories: status quo trajectories, in which human civilization persists in a state broadly similar to its current state into the distant future; catastrophe trajectories, in which one or more events cause significant harm to human civilization; technological transformation trajectories, in which radical technological …
Towards Ai Welfare Science And Policies, Soenke Ziesche, Roman Yampolskiy
Towards Ai Welfare Science And Policies, Soenke Ziesche, Roman Yampolskiy
Faculty Scholarship
In light of fast progress in the field of AI there is an urgent demand for AI policies. Bostrom et al. provide “a set of policy desiderata”, out of which this article attempts to contribute to the “interests of digital minds”. The focus is on two interests of potentially sentient digital minds: to avoid suffering and to have the freedom of choice about their deletion. Various challenges are considered, including the vast range of potential features of digital minds, the difficulties in assessing the interests and wellbeing of sentient digital minds, and the skepticism that such research may encounter. Prolegomena …
Quantum Metalanguage And The New Cognitive Synthesis, Alexey V. Melkikh, Andrei Khrennikov, Roman V. Yampolskiy
Quantum Metalanguage And The New Cognitive Synthesis, Alexey V. Melkikh, Andrei Khrennikov, Roman V. Yampolskiy
Faculty Scholarship
Problems with mechanisms of thinking and cognition in many ways remain unresolved. Why are a priori inferences possible? Why can a human understand but a computer cannot? It has been shown that when creating new concepts, generalization is contradictory in the sense that to be created concepts must exist a priori, and therefore, they are not new. The process of knowledge acquisition is also contradictory, as it inevitably involves recognition, which can be realized only when there is an a priori standard. Known approaches of the framework of artificial intelligence (in particular, Bayesian) do not determine the origins of knowledge, …
Emergence Of Addictive Behaviors In Reinforcement Learning Agents, Vahid Behzadan, Roman Yampolskiy, Arslan Munir
Emergence Of Addictive Behaviors In Reinforcement Learning Agents, Vahid Behzadan, Roman Yampolskiy, Arslan Munir
Faculty Scholarship
This paper presents a novel approach to the technical analysis of wireheading in intelligent agents. Inspired by the natural analogues of wireheading and their prevalent manifestations, we propose the modeling of such phenomenon in Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents as psychological disorders. In a preliminary step towards evaluating this proposal, we study the feasibility and dynamics of emergent addictive policies in Q-learning agents in the tractable environment of the game of Snake. We consider a slightly modified version of this game, in which the environment provides a “drug” seed alongside the original “healthy” seed for the consumption of the snake. We …
Personal Universes: A Solution To The Multi-Agent Value Alignment Problem, Roman V. Yampolskiy
Personal Universes: A Solution To The Multi-Agent Value Alignment Problem, Roman V. Yampolskiy
Faculty Scholarship
AI Safety researchers attempting to align values of highly capable intelligent systems with those of humanity face a number of challenges including personal value extraction, multi-agent value merger and finally in-silico encoding. State-of-the-art research in value alignment shows difficulties in every stage in this process, but merger of incompatible preferences is a particularly difficult challenge to overcome. In this paper we assume that the value extraction problem will be solved and propose a possible way to implement an AI solution which optimally aligns with individual preferences of each user. We conclude by analyzing benefits and limitations of the proposed approach.
An Explainable Autoencoder For Collaborative Filtering Recommendation, Pegah Sagheb Haghighi, Olurotimi Seton, Olfa Nasraoui
An Explainable Autoencoder For Collaborative Filtering Recommendation, Pegah Sagheb Haghighi, Olurotimi Seton, Olfa Nasraoui
Faculty Scholarship
Autoencoders are a common building block of Deep Learning architectures, where they are mainly used for representation learning. They have also been successfully used in Collaborative Filtering (CF) recommender systems to predict missing ratings. Unfortunately, like all black box machine learning models, they are unable to explain their outputs. Hence, while predictions from an Autoencoderbased recommender system might be accurate, it might not be clear to the user why a recommendation was generated. In this work, we design an explainable recommendation system using an Autoencoder model whose predictions can be explained using the neighborhood based explanation style. Our preliminary work …
Why We Do Not Evolve Software? Analysis Of Evolutionary Algorithms, Roman V. Yampolskiy
Why We Do Not Evolve Software? Analysis Of Evolutionary Algorithms, Roman V. Yampolskiy
Faculty Scholarship
In this article, we review the state-of-the-art results in evolutionary computation and observe that we do not evolve nontrivial software from scratch and with no human intervention. A number of possible explanations are considered, but we conclude that computational complexity of the problem prevents it from being solved as currently attempted. A detailed analysis of necessary and available computational resources is provided to support our findings.
A Psychopathological Approach To Safety Engineering In Ai And Agi, Vahid Behzadan, Arslan Munir, Roman V. Yampolskiy
A Psychopathological Approach To Safety Engineering In Ai And Agi, Vahid Behzadan, Arslan Munir, Roman V. Yampolskiy
Faculty Scholarship
The complexity of dynamics in AI techniques is already approaching that of complex adaptive systems, thus curtailing the feasibility of formal controllability and reachability analysis in the context of AI safety. It follows that the envisioned instances of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) will also suffer from challenges of complexity. To tackle such issues, we propose the modeling of deleterious behaviors in AI and AGI as psychological disorders, thereby enabling the employment of psychopathological approaches to analysis and control of misbehaviors. Accordingly, we present a discussion on the feasibility of the psychopathological approaches to AI safety, and propose general directions for …
The Singularity May Be Near, Roman V. Yampolskiy
The Singularity May Be Near, Roman V. Yampolskiy
Faculty Scholarship
Toby Walsh in "The Singularity May Never Be Near" gives six arguments to support his point of view that technological singularity may happen, but that it is unlikely. In this paper, we provide analysis of each one of his arguments and arrive at similar conclusions, but with more weight given to the "likely to happen" prediction.
Catalysts For Nitrogen Reduction To Ammonia, Royce D. Duda, Julie N. Renner
Catalysts For Nitrogen Reduction To Ammonia, Royce D. Duda, Julie N. Renner
Faculty Scholarship
The production of synthetic ammonia remains dependent on the energy- and capital-intensive Haber-Bosch process. Extensive research in molecular catalysis has demonstrated ammonia production from dinitrogen, albeit at low production rates. Mechanistic understanding of dinitrogen reduction to ammonia continues to be delineated through study of molecular catalyst structure, as well as through understanding the naturally occurring nitrogenase enzyme. The transition to Haber-Bosch alternatives through robust, heterogeneous catalyst surfaces remains an unsolved research challenge. Catalysts for electrochemical reduction of dinitrogen to ammonia are a specific focus of research, due to the potential to compete with the Haber-Bosch process and reduce associated carbon …
Reaction Mechanism For Oxygen Evolution On Ruo2, Iro2, And Ruo2@Iro2 Core-Shell Nanocatalysts, Julie N. Renner
Reaction Mechanism For Oxygen Evolution On Ruo2, Iro2, And Ruo2@Iro2 Core-Shell Nanocatalysts, Julie N. Renner
Faculty Scholarship
Iridium dioxide, IrO2, is second to the most active RuO2 catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acid, and is used in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers due to its high durability. To improve the activity of IrO2-based catalysts, we prepared RuO2@IrO2 core-shell nanocatalysts using carbon-supported Ru as the template. At 1.48 V, the OER specific activity of RuO2@IrO2 is threefold that of IrO2. While the activity volcano plots over wide range of materials have been reported, zooming into the top region to clarify the rate limiting steps of most active catalysts is important for further activity enhancement. Here, …
Wisdom Of Artificial Crowds Feature Selection In Untargeted Metabolomics: An Application To The Development Of A Blood-Based Diagnostic Test For Thrombotic Myocardial Infarction, Patrick J. Trainor, Roman V. Yampolskiy, Andrew P. Defilippis
Wisdom Of Artificial Crowds Feature Selection In Untargeted Metabolomics: An Application To The Development Of A Blood-Based Diagnostic Test For Thrombotic Myocardial Infarction, Patrick J. Trainor, Roman V. Yampolskiy, Andrew P. Defilippis
Faculty Scholarship
Introduction: Heart disease remains a leading cause of global mortality. While acute myocardial infarction (colloquially: heart attack), has multiple proximate causes, proximate etiology cannot be determined by a blood-based diagnostic test. We enrolled a suitable patient cohort and conducted a non-targeted quantification of plasma metabolites by mass spectrometry for developing a test that can differentiate between thrombotic MI, non-thrombotic MI, and stable disease. A significant challenge in developing such a diagnostic test is solving the NP-hard problem of feature selection for constructing an optimal statistical classifier. Objective: We employed a Wisdom of Artificial Crowds (WoAC) strategy for solving the feature …
Ambulatory Clinic Exam Room Design With Respect To Computing Devices: A Laboratory Simulation Study, Dustin T. Weiler, Tyler Satterly, Shakaib U. Rehman, Maury A. Nussbaum, Neale R. Chumbler, Gary M. Fischer, Jason J. Saleem
Ambulatory Clinic Exam Room Design With Respect To Computing Devices: A Laboratory Simulation Study, Dustin T. Weiler, Tyler Satterly, Shakaib U. Rehman, Maury A. Nussbaum, Neale R. Chumbler, Gary M. Fischer, Jason J. Saleem
Faculty Scholarship
Background—Challenges persist regarding how to integrate computing effectively into the exam room, while maintaining patient-centered care. Purpose—Our objective was to evaluate a new exam room design with respect to the computing layout, which included a wall-mounted monitor for ease of (re)-positioning. Methods—In a lab-based experiment, 28 providers used prototypes of the new and older “legacy” outpatient exam room layouts in a within-subject comparison using simulated patient encounters. We measured efficiency, errors, workload, patient-centeredness (proportion of time the provider was focused on the patient), amount of screen sharing with the patient, workflow integration, and provider situation awareness. Results—There were no statistically …
Performance, Workload, And Usability In A Multiscreen, Multi-Device, Information-Rich Environment, Jason J. Saleem, Dustin T. Weiler
Performance, Workload, And Usability In A Multiscreen, Multi-Device, Information-Rich Environment, Jason J. Saleem, Dustin T. Weiler
Faculty Scholarship
Potential benefits of multiscreen and multiple device environments were assessed using three different computing environments. A single factor, within-subject study was conducted with 18 engineering students in a laboratory experiment. Three levels for the computing environment factor included one with a desktop computer with a single monitor (control, condition A); one with a desktop with dual monitors, as well as a single tablet computer (condition B); and one with a desktop with a single monitor, as well as two tablet computers (condition C). There was no statistically significant difference in efficiency or workload when completing scenarios for the three computing …
Comparison Of Radio Frequency And Visible Light Propagation Channels For Vehicular Communications, Lin Cheng, Wantanee Viriyasitavat, Mate Boban, Hsin-Mu Tsai
Comparison Of Radio Frequency And Visible Light Propagation Channels For Vehicular Communications, Lin Cheng, Wantanee Viriyasitavat, Mate Boban, Hsin-Mu Tsai
Faculty Scholarship
Recent research has shown that both radio and visible light waves can be used to enable communications in highly dynamic vehicular environments. However, the roles of these two technologies and how they interact with each other in future vehicular communication systems remain unclear. Understanding the propagation characteristics is an essential step in investigating the benefits and shortcomings of each technology. To this end, we discuss salient properties of radio and visible light propagation channels, including radiation pattern, path loss modeling, noise and interference, and channel time variation. Comparison of these properties provides an important insight that the two communication channels …
What Are The Ultimate Limits To Computational Techniques: Verifier Theory And Unverifiability, Roman V. Yampolskiy
What Are The Ultimate Limits To Computational Techniques: Verifier Theory And Unverifiability, Roman V. Yampolskiy
Faculty Scholarship
Despite significant developments in proof theory, surprisingly little attention has been devoted to the concept of proof verifiers. In particular, the mathematical community may be interested in studying different types of proof verifiers (people, programs, oracles, communities, superintelligences) as mathematical objects. Such an effort could reveal their properties, their powers and limitations (particularly in human mathematicians), minimum and maximum complexity, as well as self-verification and self-reference issues. We propose an initial classification system for verifiers and provide some rudimentary analysis of solved and open problems in this important domain. Our main contribution is a formal introduction of the notion of …
Hyperbolic Metamaterials-Based Plasmonic Biosensor For Fluid Biopsy With Single Molecule Sensitivity, Kandammathe Valiyaveedu Sreekanth, Mohamed Elkabbash, Yunus Alapan, Efe Ilker Ilker, Michael Hinczewski, Umut A. Gurkan, Giuseppe Strangi
Hyperbolic Metamaterials-Based Plasmonic Biosensor For Fluid Biopsy With Single Molecule Sensitivity, Kandammathe Valiyaveedu Sreekanth, Mohamed Elkabbash, Yunus Alapan, Efe Ilker Ilker, Michael Hinczewski, Umut A. Gurkan, Giuseppe Strangi
Faculty Scholarship
Plasmonic sensors are one of the most powerful optical biosensors, which can be used for the detection of small numbers of molecules at ultra-low concentrations. However, the detection of dilute analytes of low molecular weight (Da) is still a challenging task using currently available plasmonic biosensors. Here, we demonstrate the detection of both lower and heavier molecular weight biomolecules close to single molecule level using a novel plasmonic biosensor platform based on hyperbolic metamaterials. We show experimentally the extraordinary spectral and angular sensitivities of the biosensor platform, from visible to near infrared (NIR) wavelengths, by exciting the bulk plasmon polaritons …
On The Origin Of Synthetic Life: Attribution Of Output To A Particular Algorithm, Roman V. Yampolskiy
On The Origin Of Synthetic Life: Attribution Of Output To A Particular Algorithm, Roman V. Yampolskiy
Faculty Scholarship
With unprecedented advances in genetic engineering we are starting to see progressively more original examples of synthetic life. As such organisms become more common it is desirable to gain an ability to distinguish between natural and artificial life forms. In this paper, we address this challenge as a generalized version of Darwin's original problem, which he so brilliantly described in On the Origin of Species. After formalizing the problem of determining the samples' origin, we demonstrate that the problem is in fact unsolvable. In the general case, if computational resources of considered originator algorithms have not been limited and priors …
The Agi Containment Problem, James Babcock, Jànos Kramàr, Roman Yampolskiy
The Agi Containment Problem, James Babcock, Jànos Kramàr, Roman Yampolskiy
Faculty Scholarship
There is considerable uncertainty about what properties, capabilities and motivations future AGIs will have. In some plausible scenarios, AGIs may pose security risks arising from accidents and defects. In order to mitigate these risks, prudent early AGI research teams will perform significant testing on their creations before use. Unfortunately, if an AGI has human-level or greater intelligence, testing itself may not be safe; some natural AGI goal systems create emergent incentives for AGIs to tamper with their test environments, make copies of themselves on the internet, or convince developers and operators to do dangerous things. In this paper, we survey …
X-Ray Characterization Of Mesophases Of Human Telomeric G-Quadruplexes And Other Dna Analogues, Jacob B. Schimelman, Nicole F. Steinmetz, Roger H. French
X-Ray Characterization Of Mesophases Of Human Telomeric G-Quadruplexes And Other Dna Analogues, Jacob B. Schimelman, Nicole F. Steinmetz, Roger H. French
Faculty Scholarship
Observed in the folds of guanine-rich oligonucleotides, non-canonical G-quadruplex structures are based on G-quartets formed by hydrogen bonding and cation-coordination of guanosines. In dilute 5′-guanosine monophosphate (GMP) solutions, G-quartets form by the self-assembly of four GMP nucleotides. We use x-ray diffraction to characterize the columnar liquid-crystalline mesophases in concentrated solutions of various model G-quadruplexes. We then probe the transitions between mesophases by varying the PEG solution osmotic pressure, thus mimicking in vivo molecular crowding conditions. Using the GMP-quadruplex, built by the stacking of G-quartets with no covalent linking between them, as the baseline, we report the liquid-crystalline phase behaviors of …
A Self-Sufficient Nitrate Groundwater Remediation System: Geobacter Sulfurreducens Microbial Fuel Cell Fed By Hydrogen From A Water Electrolyzer, Julie N. Renner
A Self-Sufficient Nitrate Groundwater Remediation System: Geobacter Sulfurreducens Microbial Fuel Cell Fed By Hydrogen From A Water Electrolyzer, Julie N. Renner
Faculty Scholarship
Nitrate contamination of groundwater is a major problem, especially in farming areas where nitrogen-based fertilizers are used. Geobacter sulfurreducens electrodes were electrochemically evaluated for their ability to reduce nitrate with implications for groundwater remediation. G. sulfurreducens were optimized for nitrate reduction by modifying growth media during subculture. The Geobacter were then cast on Toray carbon paper electrodes and immobilized with pectin. Cyclic voltammetry demonstrated that the electrodes bioelectrocatalytically reduce nitrate with an onset potential of −0.25 V vs. SCE. Amperometry was used to evaluate nitrate concentrations between 0.5 and 270 mM. The limit of detection is 8 mM with a …
Pathways To Ultra-Low Platinum Group Metal Catalyst Loading In Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzers, Julie N. Renner
Pathways To Ultra-Low Platinum Group Metal Catalyst Loading In Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzers, Julie N. Renner
Faculty Scholarship
Hydrogen is one of the world's most important chemicals, with global production of about 50 billion kg/year. Currently, hydrogen is mainly produced from fossil fuels such as natural gas and coal, producing CO2. Water electrolysis is a promising technology for fossil-free, CO2-free hydrogen production. Proton exchange membrane (PEM)-based water electrolysis also eliminates the need for caustic electrolyte, and has been proven at megawatt scale. However, a major cost driver is the electrode, specifically the cost of electrocatalysts used to improve the reaction efficiency, which are applied at high loadings (>3 mg/cm2 total platinum group metal (PGM) content). Core-shell catalysts …
Taxonomy Of Pathways To Dangerous Artificial Intelligence, Roman V. Yampolskiy
Taxonomy Of Pathways To Dangerous Artificial Intelligence, Roman V. Yampolskiy
Faculty Scholarship
In order to properly handle a dangerous Artificially Intelligent (AI) system it is important to understand how the system came to be in such a state. In popular culture (science fiction movies/books) AIs/Robots became self-aware and as a result rebel against humanity and decide to destroy it. While it is one possible scenario, it is probably the least likely path to appearance of dangerous AI. In this work, we survey, classify and analyze a number of circumstances, which might lead to arrival of malicious AI. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to systematically classify types …
Degradation Science: Mesoscopic Evolution And Temporal Analytics Of Photovoltaic Energy Materials, Roger H. French, Rudolf Podgornik, Timothy J. Peshek, Laura S. Bruckman, Yifan Xu, Nicholas R. Wheeler, Abdulkerim Gok, Yang Hu, Mohammad A. Hossain, Devin A. Gordon, Pei Zhao, Jiayang Sun, Guo-Qiang Zhang
Degradation Science: Mesoscopic Evolution And Temporal Analytics Of Photovoltaic Energy Materials, Roger H. French, Rudolf Podgornik, Timothy J. Peshek, Laura S. Bruckman, Yifan Xu, Nicholas R. Wheeler, Abdulkerim Gok, Yang Hu, Mohammad A. Hossain, Devin A. Gordon, Pei Zhao, Jiayang Sun, Guo-Qiang Zhang
Faculty Scholarship
Based on recent advances in nanoscience, data science and the availability of massive real-world datastreams, the mesoscopic evolution of mesoscopic energy materials can now be more fully studied. The temporal evolution is vastly complex in time and length scales and is fundamentally challenging to scientific understanding of degradation mechanisms and pathways responsible for energy materials evolution over lifetime. We propose a paradigm shift towards mesoscopic evolution modeling, based on physical and statistical models, that would integrate laboratory studies and real-world massive datastreams into a stress/mechanism/response framework with predictive capabilities. These epidemiological studies encompass the variability in properties that affect performance …
Corrigendum: Responses To Catastrophic Agi Risk: A Survey (2015 Phys. Scr. 90 018001), Kaj Sotala, Roman V. Yampolskiy
Corrigendum: Responses To Catastrophic Agi Risk: A Survey (2015 Phys. Scr. 90 018001), Kaj Sotala, Roman V. Yampolskiy
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Engineering Faculty Perspectives On The Nature Of Quality Teaching, Jacqueline C. Mcneil, Matthew W. Ohland
Engineering Faculty Perspectives On The Nature Of Quality Teaching, Jacqueline C. Mcneil, Matthew W. Ohland
Faculty Scholarship
There is wide agreement that teaching quality matters in higher education, but faculty have varied ideas about the definition of quality. Faculty definitions of quality teaching were coded using an existing framework. The most common definition of teaching quality (held by 49% of participants) is associated with elitism and restricted access—the best way to improve education is to admit better students. These faculty focus on education as “knowledge transfer” and “learning content.” Another 38% of faculty had a transformational perspective, more focused on process than content, valuing “empowering students,” “developing students,” and “creating an environment for learning.” These faculty refer …
A Study On The Limitations Of Evolutionary Computation And Other Bio-Inspired Approaches For Integer Factorization, Mohit Mishra, Vaibhav Gupta, Utkarsh Chaturvedi, K. K. Shukla, Roman Yampolskiy
A Study On The Limitations Of Evolutionary Computation And Other Bio-Inspired Approaches For Integer Factorization, Mohit Mishra, Vaibhav Gupta, Utkarsh Chaturvedi, K. K. Shukla, Roman Yampolskiy
Faculty Scholarship
Integer Factorization is a vital number theoretic problem frequently finding application in public-key cryptography like RSA encryption systems, and other areas like Fourier transform algorithm. The problem is computationally intractable because it is a one-way mathematical function. Due to its computational infeasibility, it is extremely hard to find the prime factors of a semi prime number generated from two randomly chosen similar sized prime numbers. There has been a recently growing interest in the community with regards to evolutionary computation and other alternative approaches to solving this problem as an optimization task. However, the results still seem to be very …
Responses To Catastrophic Agi Risk: A Survey, Kaj Sotala, Roman V. Yampolskiy
Responses To Catastrophic Agi Risk: A Survey, Kaj Sotala, Roman V. Yampolskiy
Faculty Scholarship
Many researchers have argued that humanity will create artificial general intelligence (AGI) within the next twenty to one hundred years. It has been suggested that AGI may inflict serious damage to human well-being on a global scale ('catastrophic risk'). After summarizing the arguments for why AGI may pose such a risk, we review the fields proposed responses to AGI risk. We consider societal proposals, proposals for external constraints on AGI behaviors and proposals for creating AGIs that are safe due to their internal design.
A Polymer Microdevice For Tensiometry Of Insoluble Components, Christopher L. Wirth
A Polymer Microdevice For Tensiometry Of Insoluble Components, Christopher L. Wirth
Faculty Scholarship
A semi-flexible SU-8 polymer microdevice was designed to deflect in response to a change in surface tension at an air-water interface. The suspended microtensiometer encloses a clean water-air interface, while externally the device is surrounded by an interface containing an insoluble component. The difference in surface tension between the inside and outside of the device, called the surface pressure, causes the device to deflect. Finite element simulations were performed to predict device behavior prior to fabrication. Finished devices were tested in a Langmuir trough during multiple compression and expansion cycles, using a platinum Wilhelmy plate for an independent surface pressure …