Engineering Commons^™

Measurement, Analysis And Comparison Of Drops Experienced By Packages In Inter-State And Intra-State Next Day Shipments In United States, K. Saha, Jay A. Singh, S. P. Singh

Industrial Technology and Packaging

Several past studies have been conducted for the purpose of measuring and analyzing the dynamics of single package shipping environment for the next day delivery services provided by companies including DHL, FedEx, UPS and USPS. Over the past few decades increased shipping hazard evaluations using data recorders has influenced protective package designs to offer optimized product protection due to a better understanding of the distribution environment. This study analyzes the drops sustained by packages during next day shipments within California (intra-state) using two different carriers—FedEx and OnTrac andwithin United States for shipments to two different regions in east and west …

Classes That Click: Fast, Rich Feedback To Enhance Student Learning And Satisfaction, John C. Chen, Dexter C. Whittinghill, Jennifer A. Kadlowec

Mechanical Engineering

No abstract provided.

The Concept Of Proactive Traffic Management For Enhancing Freeway Safety And Operation, Mohamed Abdel-Aty, Anurag Pande, Liang Hsia

Civil and Environmental Engineering

No abstract provided.

Using Sports Coaching Techniques To Enhance Project Based Learning Instruction, Lizabeth Schlemer, Faith Mimnaugh

Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering

As instructors attempt to apply project based learning as a preferred pedagogy for many aspects of engineering education, countless questions are raised. For instance, how do instructors assess individual performance in a team based environment? How do instructors prepare students for the culminating presentation or report? How do instructors develop the students individually? After reviewing literature on both project based learning and exceptional coaching, we have found that much can be learned from John Wooden, Phil Jackson and other coaches. This paper will organize some of the best practices in sports coaching and draw parallels that will enhance student learning …

Measurement And Analysis Of Truck And Rail Vibration Levels In Thailand, V. Chonhenchob, Paul Singh, Jay A. Singh, S. Sittipod, D. Swasdee, Supoj Pratheepthinthong

Industrial Technology and Packaging

Worldwide increase in trade, foreign direct investment, capital flows, migration and the spread of technology has caused an increased focus to be put on designing packages that can protect goods shipped globally. This requires a wide-ranging understanding of the distribution environments on a global basis. Several past studies have mapped the vibration levels for surface transportation along the most popular shipment routes in countries such as Brazil, Canada, China, India and the USA. This study was conducted to provide a comprehensive understanding of the vibration levels observed for truck and rail shipments for major transportation routes in Thailand, one of …

Peak Stir Zone Temperatures During Friction Stir Processing, Sprinivasan Swaminathan, Keiichiro Oh-Ishi, Alexander P. Zhilyaev, Christian B. Fuller, Blair London, Murray W. Mahoney, Terry R. Mcnelly

Materials Engineering

The stir zone (SZ) temperature cycle was measured during the friction stir processing (FSP) of NiAl bronze plates. The FSP was conducted using a tool design with a smooth concave shoulder and a 12.7-mm step-spiral pin. Temperature sensing was accomplished using sheathed thermocouples embedded in the tool path within the plates, while simultaneous optical pyrometry measurements of surface temperatures were also obtained. Peak SZ temperatures were 990 ⁰Cto 1015 ⁰C (0.90 to 0.97 TMelt) and were not affected by preheating to 400⁰C, although the dwell time above 900 ⁰C was increased by the preheating. Thermocouple data suggested little variation in …

Gusto: An Automatic Generation And Optimization Tool For Matrix Inversion Architectures, Ali Irturk, Bridget Benson, Shahnam Mirzaei, Ryan Kastner

Electrical Engineering

Matrix inversion is a common function found in many algorithms used in wireless communication systems. As FPGAs become an increasingly attractive platform for wireless communication, it is important to understand the trade-offs in designing a matrix inversion core on an FPGA. This article describes a matrix inversion core generator tool, GUSTO, that we developed to ease the design space exploration across different matrix inversion architectures. GUSTO is the first tool of its kind to provide automatic generation of a variety of general-purpose matrix inversion architectures with different parameterization options. GUSTO also provides an optimized applicationspecific architecture with an average of …

New Approach For Surface N Factors, James L. Hanson, Nazli Yesiller, Gareth E. Swarbrick, Wei-Lien Liu

Civil and Environmental Engineering

Air and surface freezing and thawing indexes and prediction of ground temperatures from air temperatures were investigated. A new method for applying n factors on a daily basis to capture localized temperature extremes is presented and compared to conventional seasonal n-factor analysis. Measured air temperatures from five locations and measured air and surface temperatures from one location were used. Freezing and thawing indexes were determined using daily and monthly average temperatures, different time frames, and seasonal and daily applications of n factors. Air and surface freezing indexes (I_af and I_sf) varied more than air and surface …

Pump Operation With Vfd Controlled Motors, Charles M. Burt

BioResource and Agricultural Engineering

There are numerous reasons to consider using a VFD (variable frequency drive) controller with pumps in irrigation and drainage.These include: 1

1. Proper matching of the pump characteristics with the system. Reasonable engineers and salespersons will almost always overdesign pumps. It is very simple – if the pump is too small, there will be complaints. If, on the other hand, the pump delivers a bit more pressure than needed, there is rarely a complaint. Reasons to overdesign include:

High-Speed Concatenation Of Frequency Ramps Using Sampled Grating Distributed Bragg Reflector Laser Diode Sources For Oct Resolution Enhancement, Brandon George, Dennis J. Derickson

Electrical Engineering

Brandon George and Dennis Derickson California Polytechnic State Univ. (USA) Wavelength tunable sampled grating distributed Bragg reflector (SG-DBR) lasers used for telecommunications applications have previously demonstrated the ability for linear frequency ramps covering the entire tuning range of the laser at 100 kHz repetition rates1. An individual SG-DBR laser has a typical tuning range of 50 nm. The InGaAs/InP material system often used with SG-DBR lasers allows for design variations that cover the 1250 to 1650 nm wavelength range. This paper addresses the possibility of concatenating the outputs of tunable SGDBR lasers covering adjacent wavelength ranges for enhancing the resolution …

Assessment Of Sting Effect On X-31 Aircraft Model Using Cfd, Adam Jirásek, Russell M. Cummings

Aerospace Engineering

The article describes the computational evaluation of the effect a belly mounted sting on the aerodynamics characteristics of an X-31 wind tunnel model. The investigation includes results of steady and time-dependent CFD analysis of the X-31 model with and without sting. The values of the steady lift and pitching moment coefficients as well as the pitching moment of model undergoing a manuever are compared to each other and to the wind tunnel data. The results of this analysis show the detrimental effect of sting on stability of the vortical structure above the wing as well as a substantial increase of …

Improved Methodologies For Maneuver Design Of Aircraft Stability And Control Simulations, Adam Jirásek, Tiger L. Jeans, Mathew Martenson, Russell M. Cummings, Keith Bergeron

Aerospace Engineering

With many modern fighter aircraft experiencing unpredicted flight dynamics during flight tests, recent research has focused on developing methodologies for incorporating computational fluid dynamics into the aircraft development process. The goal of this approach is to identify configurations susceptible to stability and control issues early in the design process. Previous research has primarily focused on full aircraft configurations, however, to increase the rate of development the current study focused on a two-dimensional NACA0012 airfoil. The two-dimensional NACA0012 airfoil has the advantage of reducing the computational cost by orders of magnitude compared to full scale aircraft simulations, while still providing complicated …

Computational And Experimental Comparison Of A Powered Lift, Upper Surface Blowing Configuration, Jay Marcos, David D. Marshall

Aerospace Engineering

This paper demonstrates the use of CFD as a validation tool for wind tunnel data on 2D high lift airfoil with a 3D engine performed by Georgia Tech Research Institute. Results of this validation will assist in determining the appropriate turbulence models, boundary conditions, mesh characteristics and other CFD modeling techniques necessary to capture the complicated flow physics associated with the coupling of circulation control wings and engine exhaust flows. It was found that grid issues and the two-equation turbulence model, k-ε, over predicted lift as blowing momentum increases even with the additional complexity of having an over the wing …

Overview Of Recent Circulation Control Modeling Activities At Cal Poly, David D. Marshall, Kristina K. Jameson

Aerospace Engineering

This paper provides an overview of the Circulation Control modeling research that has been performed, and is still ongoing, at Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo. This work started in 2005 with the interest of applying Circulation Control technologies to advanced aircraft designs. After the initial investigations into this, it was apparent that there was a long history of experimental work in this area to build on, but a number of deficiencies existed in the modeling capabilities. For Circulation Control enabled aircraft, these included: few available tools to accurately model the takeoff and landing performance, the limitations in the standard regulations …

Design And Performance Of Circulation Control Flap Systems, Rory M. Golden, David D. Marshall

Aerospace Engineering

The design of circulation control (CC) dual radius flap systems were investigated to characterize the parameters that make up the flap surface to offer further knowledge into the CC field of study. Multiple dual radius flap geometries, along with variants, were developed by varying specific flap parameters from a baseline configuration that had previously developed. The aerodynamics of the different flap geometries were analyzed using two-dimensional CFD. This research will explore the design of CC pneumatic flap systems to improve the performance of existing CC flap configurations, and provide insight into the characteristics of the CC flap geometry.

Assessing The V2-F Turbulence Models For Circulation Control Applications, Travis M. Storm, David D. Marshall

Aerospace Engineering

This paper explores the applicability of several variations of the v²-f turbulence model to circulation control flows. The effects of modifying the model to capture nonlinear eddy viscosity effects and streamline curvature effects are assessed. Results indicate that the v²-f turbulence model is capable producing more physically accurate results for circulation control flow fields than common modern turbulence modeling techniques.

Inverse Airfoil Design Utilizing Cst Parameterization, Kevin A. Lane, David D. Marshall

Aerospace Engineering

An inverse airfoil design process is presented that makes use of the CST parameterization method. The CST method is very powerful in that it can easily represent any airfoil shape within the entire design space of smooth airfoils. This makes it an ideal modeling technique for an inverse design process because accurate airfoil geometry treatment is required. The downfall of some inverse design processes is that they do not accurately handle the leading edge region due to large flow gradients and high curvature distributions. One way to account for this is by representing airfoils with smooth analytic functions, such as …

Parameter Estimation Of Fundamental Technical Aircraft Information Applied To Aircraft Performance, Mike Vallone, Robert A. Mcdonald

Aerospace Engineering

Inverse problems can be applied to aircraft in many areas. One of the disciplines within the aerospace industry with the most openly published data is in the area of aircraft performance. Many aircraft manufacturers publish performance claims, flight manuals and Standard Aircraft Characteristic (SAC) charts without any mention of the more fundamental technical information such as C_D0. With accurate tools, generalized aircraft models and a few curve-fitting techniques, it is possible to evaluate vehicle performance and estimate these technical parameters.

With this goal a program has been written in Matlab to calculate the fundamental information behind a …

Conceptual Design Of A Next Generation, 150 Passenger Commercial Transport, Ryan Halper, Kevin Lane, Dustin Marschik, Brett Morham, John Pham, Robert A. Mcdonald, Bruce Wright

Aerospace Engineering

In response to the 2008-2009 AIAA Undergraduate Team Design Competition's Request for Proposals for an advanced, environmentally compatible, 150 seat commercial transport; Jackson West has designed the Sparrow JS-3. The Sparrow represents the next step in the evolution of commercial aviation. Scheduled to enter service in 2018, The Sparrow will compete directly with the Boeing 737 and Airbus A320. Its improvements in fuel consumption and operating cost, as well as its reduced environmental impact, make The Sparrow the ideal solution to this RFP.

Conceptual Design Of An Environmentally Responsible 150-Passenger Commercial Aircraft, Natalie R. Smith, Bryan Blessing, James Dixon, Allen Mackey, Gregory Mckenzie, Robert A. Mcdonald, Bruce Wright

Aerospace Engineering

Verde is an environmentally responsible commercial transport seating 150 dual-class passengers, designed in response to the 2008-2009 Request for Proposal from the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Undergraduate Team Aircraft Design Competition. While the airline industry faces increasing pressures from the cost of fuel and the responsibility of environmental impact, the next generation of this aircraft class must operate more efficiently and address those environmental needs. Therefore, all design decisions for Verde focused first on reducing fuel burn, second on reducing emissions, then noise, and finally on maintaining flyaway cost, airport integration, and passenger comfort. The final design utilizes …

Improved Geometry Modeling For High Fidelity Parametric Design, James R. Gloudemans, Robert A. Mcdonald

Aerospace Engineering

Advanced multidisciplinary physics-based design and analysis capabilities are required to pursue the revolutionary vehicle and technology concepts needed to meet the goals of the aerospace industry for the next 10-30 years. The multidisciplinary physics critical to advancing aerospace technology all have one common bond, the shape, size, and form of the underlying aircraft - its geometry. An aircraft shape is the natural starting point for multidisciplinary analysis and optimization (MDAO). Vehicle Sketch Pad (VSP) is an aircraft geometry tool for rapid evaluation of advanced design concepts which was developed by NASA and is available to industry at large. VSP allows …

Designing A Green Aircraft: Cal Poly's 2009 Undergraduate Aircraft Designs, Robert A. Mcdonald, Bruce Wright

Aerospace Engineering

The Cal Poly senior design class submitted six designs this year in response to the 2009 Undergraduate Team Aircraft Design Competition. This paper summarizes our experiences teaching design through this RFP and brings the student's insights together.

Lift Superposition And Aerodynamic Twist Optimization For Achieving Desired Lift Distributions, Kevin A. Lane, David D. Marshall, Robert A. Mcdonald

Aerospace Engineering

A method for achieving an arbitrary lift distribution with an arbitrary planform is presented. This is accomplished through optimizing aerodynamic twist for a given number of either known airfoils or airfoils to be designed. The spanwise locations of these airfoils are optimized to get as close to the desired lift distribution as possible. Airfoils are linearly interpolated between these points. After aerodynamic twist, the planform is twisted geometrically using radial basis functions to model the twist distribution. The aerodynamic influence of each twist distribution is determined and all are superimposed to determine the function weights of each twist function, yielding …

A Three Dimensional Vortex Particle-Panel Method For Modeling Propulsion-Airframe Interaction, Jacob S. Calabretta, Robert A. Mcdonald

Aerospace Engineering

The panel code has been a pivotal tool for aerodynamic simulations for decades, today providing users with quick solutions without the necessity of a volume grid. Unfortunately, the panel code also carries with it some inherent shortcomings when compared with other methods. One such weakness is its inability to account for any work done on or by the system in question. This paper proposes a method to address this issue by combining vortex particles with a panel code, and using them to model the work effects of a propeller or engine. While the proposed model is still a work in …

Towards Efficient Viscous Modeling Based On Cartesian Methods For Automated Flow Simulation, Patrick Hu, Hongwu Zhao, Ramji Kamakoti, Nagendra Dittakavi, Liping Xue, Kan Ni, Shaolin Mao, David D. Marshall, Michael Aftosmis

Aerospace Engineering

The advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques that address the current limitations of Cartesian-based Navier-Stokes CFD schemes are explored in current investigation. Three promising methods of implementing improved wall boundary conditions are applied: (1) the enhanced diamond path stencil approach, (2) the reformulated extended extrapolation boundary condition, and (3) the ghost cell method. Several initial testing cases have been conducted with all these three boundary conditions, including the flow past a circular cylinder, flow past a flat plate at different inclined angles and flow past an AGARD RAE2822 airfoil. All the results show the effectiveness of these boundary conditions in …

Morphological Assessment Of Basic Multicellular Unit Resorption Parameters In Dogs Shows Additional Mechanisms Of Bisphosphonate Effects On Bone, Matthew R. Allen, Antonia M. Erickson, Xiang Wang, David B. Burr, R. Bruce Martin, Scott J. Hazelwood

Biomedical Engineering

Bisphosphonates (BPs) slow bone loss by reducing initiation of new basic multicellular units (BMUs). Whether or not BPs simply prevent osteoclasts from initiating new BMUs that resorb bone or also reduce the amount of bone they resorb at the BMU level is not clear. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of BPs on three morphological parameters of individual BMUs, resorption depth (Rs.De), area (Rs.Ar), and width (Rs.Wi). After 1 year of treatment with vehicle (VEH), alendronate (ALN; 0.10, 0.20, or 1.00 mg/kg/day), or risedronate (RIS; 0.05, 0.10, or 0.50 mg/kg/day), resorption cavity morphology was assessed in …

Impaired Vascular Reactivity Following Chronic Ischemia In The Arteries Of The Mouse Hindlimb, Trevor Cardinal, Thomas J. Kesler, Matthew D. Yocum, Tyler S. Smith, Nolan M. Mott

Biomedical Engineering

No abstract provided.

Measurement And Analysis Of Temperature And Pressure In High Altitude Air Shipments, Sher Paul Singh, Jay Singh, J. Stallings, Gary J. Burgess, K. Saha

Industrial Technology and Packaging

This study was performed (at the request of the FAA) to measure temperature and pressure conditions observed by standard packages in the FedEx Next Day Air network and the environmental conditions of passenger aircrafts. To measure the single parcel environment, two destinations known to be served by non-pressurized feeder and pressurized aircrafts in the USA, San Luis Obispo, California, and Twin Falls, Idaho, were used to represent higher altitude paths. Test packages (0.30 × 0.30 × 0.30 m) containing one MadgeTech PRTemp110 recorder were shipped Priority Overnight by FedEx from East Lansing, Michigan. For 6 weeks, two test packages were …

Measurement And Analysis Of ‘Small’ Packages In Next-Day Air Shipments, Sher Paul Singh, Jay Singh, K. C. Chiang, K. Saha

Industrial Technology and Packaging

Packaged goods are shipped globally using various means of transportation. Over the past two decades, there has been a continuous increase in studies that measure and analyze dynamic events that occur to packages during transportation and handling. These data offer useful information to design and test packages, and provide protection from potential hazards like drops and impacts. However, none of the past studies are directed towards single packages regarded as 'smalls'. 'Smalls' or small-package product systems are defined as those with volume of less than 0.013 m³, a longest dimension of 0.356 m and a weight of 4.54 …

Application Of Self-Determination And Self-Regulation Theories To Course Design: Planting The Seeds For Adaptive Expertise, Linda Vanasupa, Jonathan Stolk, Trevor Harding

Materials Engineering

The paper is grounded in the premise that learning occurs within a dynamic system of social and ecological interactions in the learning environment. Our intent is to open the conversation about hose ac, as engineering educators, design effective learning experiences for this dynamic system, particularly in light of the deeply ethical, adaptive expertise required of today's graduates. Drawing from two well-researched theories of psychological development (self-determination and self-regulation), we assert that fostering the engagement and positive growth required for adaptive expertise necessitates a holistic educational approach. This approach requires us to consider both the psychological needs of the learner, and …