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Articles 1981 - 2010 of 2904

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Fingerprint Enhancement By Directional Filtering, Sreya Chakraborty Jan 2011

Fingerprint Enhancement By Directional Filtering, Sreya Chakraborty

Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive

Although inkless methods for taking fingerprint impressions are now available, these methods still suffer from the positional shifting caused by the skin elasticity. The non cooperative attitude of suspects or criminals also leads to smearing in parts of the fingerprint impressions. Thus a substantial amount of research reported in the literature on fingerprint identification is devoted to image enhancement techniques.The important step in fingerprint matching is the reliable fingerprint recognition. Automatic Fingerprint Recognition System relies on the input fingerprint for feature extraction. Hence, the effectiveness of feature extraction relies heavily on the quality of input fingerprint images. In this thesis …

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Real-Time Dynamic Hand Shape Gesture Controller, Rajesh Radhakrishnan Jan 2011

Real-Time Dynamic Hand Shape Gesture Controller, Rajesh Radhakrishnan

Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive

The main objective of this thesis is to build a real time gesture recognition system which can spot and recognize specific gestures from continuous stream of input video. We address the recognition of single handed dynamic gestures. We have considered gestures which are sequences of distinct hand poses. Gestures are classified based on their hand poses and its nature of motion. The recognition strategy uses a combination of spatial hand shape recognition using chamfer distance measure and temporal characteristics through dynamic programming. The system is fairly robust to background clutter and uses skin color for tracking. Gestures are an important …

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Development And Applications Of Laser Micromachined Inter-Digitated Capacitive Strain Sensors, Shreyas Kiran Thakar Jan 2011

Development And Applications Of Laser Micromachined Inter-Digitated Capacitive Strain Sensors, Shreyas Kiran Thakar

Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive

Reliable strain measurement plays a very important role in the damage detection of the mechanical and civil structures. It can also have a significant contribution in assisting the proper functioning of human body and organs. The current strain sensors and measurement systems have significant drawbacks in terms of high sensitivity to temperature, low gauge factor, low biocompatibility and bulky data acquisition/conditioning circuitry. These factors make the strain measurement unreliable and expensive. In this work, we have developed a laser micro-machined inter-digitated capacitive strain sensor which allowed us to overcome the limitations of existing strain sensing technologies. The structural health monitoring …

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Design Of A Novel Electrostatic Micro Energy Harvester, Madhumita Ambokar Jan 2011

Design Of A Novel Electrostatic Micro Energy Harvester, Madhumita Ambokar

Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive

The batteries have been a major source of energy for the electronic devices. However, the exhaustible nature of the batteries has encouraged the researchers to exploit the renewable energy sources for powering the electronics. Over the years, the researchers have tried to tap the stray energy provided by the ambient sources such as sun, wind, RF energy, vibration energy, etc. In the work presented here, an effort has been made to design a micro energy harvester, which would harness electric energy from the vibrations provided by the machine such as aircrafts, cars, engines, etc. A variable capacitive device was designed …

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Experimental Study Of Through-Wall Human Being Detection Using Ultra-Wideband Radar, Ashith Kumar Jan 2011

Experimental Study Of Through-Wall Human Being Detection Using Ultra-Wideband Radar, Ashith Kumar

Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive

Ultra-wideband radars are used for several applications such as subsurface sensing, classification of aircrafts and collision avoidance. The detection of humans hidden by walls or rubble, trapped in buildings on fire or avalanche victims are of interest for rescue, surveillance and security operations. Ultra-wideband technology is favored for these applications due to its inherent property of ultra-high resolution and the ability to penetrate most of the non-metallic building materials such as bricks, wood, dry walls, concrete and reinforced concrete. Detection of human beings with radars is based on movement detection - respiratory motions and movement of body parts. These motions …

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Self-Assembled Synthesis Of Microfluidic Channels In Pdms, Jeyantt Srinivas Sankaran Jan 2011

Self-Assembled Synthesis Of Microfluidic Channels In Pdms, Jeyantt Srinivas Sankaran

Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive

The field of microfluidics is expanding rapidly finding applications in diverse areas ranging from solid state devices and semiconductors to bio- applications in cell culture and DNA assays and micro- arrays. PDMS has been a commonly used material for the fabrication of microfluidic devices. Apart from traditional lithographic techniques, soft lithography has also been prevalent in fabrication of micro channels in polymers like PDMS. We propose a novel technique for fabrication of micro/nanochannels in PDMS using hydrophilic- hydrophobic interactions. Several hydrophilic materials have been tried for the fabrication of such channels. This research revolves around the science behind the phenomenon, …

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Low Complexity H.264 Encoder Using Machine Learning For Streaming Applications, Suchethan Swaroop Vaidyanath Jan 2011

Low Complexity H.264 Encoder Using Machine Learning For Streaming Applications, Suchethan Swaroop Vaidyanath

Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive

H.264, MPEG-4 part-10 or AVC, is the latest digital video codec standard which has proven to be superior than earlier standards in terms of compression ratio, quality,bit rates and error resilience [1]. Joint model (JM) reference software is used for academic reference and it was developed by the Joint Video Team (JVT) of ISO/IECMPEG and ITU-T VCEG (Video coding experts group). The Intel IPP H.264 (Integrated Performance Primitives) is a product of Intel which uses Intel IPP libraries and SIMD instructions available on modern processors. The Intel IPP H.264 is multithreaded and uses CPU optimized IPP routines. These two softwares …

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Needle Detection And Localization In Simulated In-Vivo Ultrasound Image For Use In Breast Biopsy, Nidhi Khullar Jan 2011

Needle Detection And Localization In Simulated In-Vivo Ultrasound Image For Use In Breast Biopsy, Nidhi Khullar

Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive

This thesis addresses needle segmentation in ultrasound images for breast cancer biopsy. The thesis reviews the state-of-the-art in object localization using ultrasound (US) imagery. In particular, principal component analysis, projection based methods (Hough Transform, Radon Transform and Parallel Integral Projection) and model fitting method using RANSAC and work in the field of diffusion filters are reviewed for potential use in a real breast biopsy environment, wherein the US imagery does not have much contrast and the speckle noise content is high. Other image artifacts in these images also mask the needle image.A new needle localization method called ANDSUI algorithm has …

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Physical Layer Test Trials And Analysis Of Call Drops And Real Time Throughput Versus Channel Capacity Of The Long Term Evolution (4g) Technology, Sanil Fulani Jan 2011

Physical Layer Test Trials And Analysis Of Call Drops And Real Time Throughput Versus Channel Capacity Of The Long Term Evolution (4g) Technology, Sanil Fulani

Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive

Wireless communication has evolved rapidly in recent years and demand for mobile devices with new and higher services is increasing. The 3G standard, Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) is already upgraded with High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) to meet current demands, but this is not sufficient considering the current needs of high speed services. Considering the demand for high speed service, 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has come up with a technology called Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology called as 4G with an objective of a radio access technology with higher data rates, lower latencies and packet services such as …

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Characterization Of Multifunctional Biodegradable - Biocompatible Icg-Loaded Nanoparticles And Their Feasibility For Prostate Cancer Imaging And Phototherapy, Ronak Patel Jan 2011

Characterization Of Multifunctional Biodegradable - Biocompatible Icg-Loaded Nanoparticles And Their Feasibility For Prostate Cancer Imaging And Phototherapy, Ronak Patel

Bioengineering Theses - Archive

Prostate cancer is the most common male cancer in the United States, and the second leading cause of cancer death in men. The conventional diagnostic procedures use an invasive approach to collect the biopsy tissue samples. Also, treatments currently used include radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgical removal of the prostate associated with high risks of surgical complications. Among all the imaging modalities, Near Infrared (NIR) optical imaging could be a possible candidate for minimally invasive diagnosis of prostate cancer with avoidance of harmful radiation and relatively low cost. This motivation brings the development of multifunctional polymeric (di- lactide-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) Nanoparticles …

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Fabrication Of Micropatterns On 3d Surfaces And Generation Of Linked Zno Nanowires, Hui Wang Jan 2011

Fabrication Of Micropatterns On 3d Surfaces And Generation Of Linked Zno Nanowires, Hui Wang

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Conventional lithographic approaches are good at fabricating structures on the top surfaces of substrates. They are not suited for 3D surface patterning due to the fact that vertical radiation exposure is employed to transfer patterns. In the meanwhile, patterns generated on 3D surfaces, such as the vertical sidewalls of silicon channels and the irregular surfaces of glass micropipettes may provide valuable applications in microfluidics, 3D circuits, bioengineering and so on. In this work, we developed new approaches to produce metal micropatterns on the vertical sidewalls of silicon channels as well as to fabricate two separated metal microlines on the tips …

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Development Of An Experimental And Analytical Model Of An Active Cooling Method For High-Power Three-Dimensional Integrated Circuit (3d-Ic) Utilizing A Multidimensional Configured Thermoelectric Modules, Huy Phan Jan 2011

Development Of An Experimental And Analytical Model Of An Active Cooling Method For High-Power Three-Dimensional Integrated Circuit (3d-Ic) Utilizing A Multidimensional Configured Thermoelectric Modules, Huy Phan

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Dissertations - Archive

An increase in demand for more functionality and capacity of microelectronic components within the same logistic footprint drives the growth of three-dimensional integrated circuit (3D-IC) packaging technologies in recent years. However, the reduction in size and an increase in transistors density also intensified the heat flux of stacked-dice, which introduces many thermal challenges at both the package and cooling levels. Traditional passive cooling system such as forced air convection cooling, phase change materials and passive or active heat sinks will become inadequate to cool future processors and cannot accommodate the demand of future sub-ambient cooling of 3D-ICs. Within the past …

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Hybrid Dynamic Simulation For Performance Optimization Of Legged Mechanisms, Daniel Montrallo Flickinger Jan 2011

Hybrid Dynamic Simulation For Performance Optimization Of Legged Mechanisms, Daniel Montrallo Flickinger

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Agile locomotion is needed for mobile robots to efficiently navigate challenging terrain. The ability of an agile legged mobile robot to abruptly change trajectory allows it toquickly react to obstacles and successfully operate in environments usually more suited forlegged animals. The research presented herein aims to increase the agility and performanceof legged robots.Using hybrid dynamic simulation, novel methods are developed to model the inter-action of a legged robot with the ground. In considering robot agility, an accurate model ofthe events that occur while in contact is needed. Methods are developed to model groundinteraction where oblique angled impacts occur, and to …

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Design And Modeling Techniques For Cooling Of Telecommunication Systems, Naveen Kannan Jan 2011

Design And Modeling Techniques For Cooling Of Telecommunication Systems, Naveen Kannan

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

Conventional data centers are extremely large buildings that have complex power distribution and cooling systems. These traditional brick and mortar data centers employ relatively expensive cooling systems and are inefficient. It has in turn led to an increase in construction and operational costs. These inefficiencies of traditional data centers can be overcome by partitioning the server load into modular sections which can be deployed, powered and cooled depending on availability and requirement. Furthermore, improvements in efficiency and operational costs can be achieved by employing "free cooling" to cool the IT equipment. Free cooling involves the introduction of outside air through …

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Design Optimization Of A Wind Turbine Blade, Bharath Koratagere Srinivasa Raju Jan 2011

Design Optimization Of A Wind Turbine Blade, Bharath Koratagere Srinivasa Raju

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

This work focuses on designing a blade of 45 meters in length that produces a power of 1.6 MW. The design of the blade was done using the Blade Element Momentum theory and the Prandtl's tip loss factor was used. The aerodynamic loads and differential power at are tabulated and plotted.The finite element method for analysis of the blade is used. As the chord lengths vary decreasingly along the blade radii in order to use the simple beam theory the breath and height of the blade is considered as a function of the chord length, hence the analysis is done …

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Filling Of Methane/Air Mixture In A Tube For Pulse Detonation Engines, Shravani Dwarakapally Jan 2011

Filling Of Methane/Air Mixture In A Tube For Pulse Detonation Engines, Shravani Dwarakapally

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

In pulse detonation engines, filling is a time consuming process; reducing these times will help to increase the frequency. The filling of a detonation tube, 1 m long tube with an internal diameter of 101.6 mm, closed at one end and opened at the other, was studied using the unsteady flow solver methane and air nominally at STP· Three cases were examined: (i) a 25.4 mm diameter port at the center of the closed end, (ii) nine ports of 25.4 mm diameter, one at the center of the closed end and eight distributed in two diametrically opposite rows, equally, four …

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Shear Behavior Of Steel Fiber Reinforced Prestressed Concrete Beams Without Shear Reinforcement, Jae-Sung Cho Jan 2011

Shear Behavior Of Steel Fiber Reinforced Prestressed Concrete Beams Without Shear Reinforcement, Jae-Sung Cho

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

The ACI 318-08 building code allows to use the steel fiber reinforcement as alternative shear reinforcement with satisfying certain criteria when a beam is required minimum shear reinforcement. However, this provision applies to a nonprestressed and prestressed concrete beam such that it could be conservative since the shear strength of prestressed concrete beam is generally enhanced due to the prestressing force. This is due partially to the fact that the provision has been accepted based on researches, mostly conducted in nonprestressed concrete beam. Most of experiments conducted for prestressed concrete beam in small scale tests, with a height of specimens …

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Wireless Health Monitoring And Improvement System For Wind Turbines, Suratsavadee Koonlaboon Korkua Jan 2011

Wireless Health Monitoring And Improvement System For Wind Turbines, Suratsavadee Koonlaboon Korkua

Electrical Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Wind power has become the world's fastest growing renewable energy resource. The world-wide wind power installed capacity has exceeded 120 GW. The United States has set a target of 20% wind-based electricity generation, over 300 GW, by 2030. As wind power is growing towards becoming a major utility source, it is urgent to guarantee the reliable operation of wind power systems. To avoid unexpected equipment failures, the focus in most wind farm is shifting from scheduled preventive maintenance to predictive maintenance. Predictive maintenance by condition-based monitoring of electrical machines is a scientific approach that is becoming a new strategy for …

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Short Circuit Analysis And Circuit Breaker Interrupting Capability Validations For Industrial Power Plants, Vijayanand Appanaicknepatti Ramachandran Jan 2011

Short Circuit Analysis And Circuit Breaker Interrupting Capability Validations For Industrial Power Plants, Vijayanand Appanaicknepatti Ramachandran

Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive

The purpose of this study is to determine the short circuit current as well as evaluate the interrupting capability of the circuit breaker with higher accuracy for industrial power plants. Power plant protection and coordination involves prevention of injury to personnel, minimizing damage to the system components, and limiting the extent and duration of service interruption whenever equipment failure, human error, or adverse natural events occur on any portion of the system. The cause for any of these circumstances is very unpredictable, but through sound system design we can reduce the levels of impact. Power plant protection is one of …

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Control System For Real Time Jitter Reduction And 3d Reconstruction Of Road Profile, Digant Shah Jan 2011

Control System For Real Time Jitter Reduction And 3d Reconstruction Of Road Profile, Digant Shah

Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive

A large number of bridges, overpasses and other similar structures fail due to deterioration caused by factors such as vehicle loads, impact loads, severe weather conditions, etc. Routine monitoring of such structures is essential to prevent loss of life and property. This thesis explores the feasibility of a 3D bridge monitoring system as a novel way for bridge health analysis. Specifically, the goal of this study is to investigate the use of a video control system for monitoring and synchronize video and surface profile components for a 3D bridge monitoring project. This thesis focuses on the concept of collecting video …

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Silicon Wafer Defect Segmentation Using Modified Pulse Coupled Neural Network, Chaitanya Telidevara Jan 2011

Silicon Wafer Defect Segmentation Using Modified Pulse Coupled Neural Network, Chaitanya Telidevara

Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive

Defect segmentation has been a focal point in silicon wafer inspection research and it remains challenging because the defects are complicated by large variations in intensity distribution. An algorithm for silicon wafer defect segmentation is developed using a modified pulse coupled neural network (PCNN). The modified PCNN is simple version of the PCNN in which segmentation depends only on the linking coefficient and initial threshold. The initial threshold and linking coefficient are determined automatically from image statistics using method described in [17] and Otsu's method respectively. The modified PCNN method was found to be simple and efficient for silicon wafer …

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Design And Development Of A General Purpose Embedded Acquisition System For Transportation Applications, Akshay Avinash Joshi Jan 2011

Design And Development Of A General Purpose Embedded Acquisition System For Transportation Applications, Akshay Avinash Joshi

Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive

The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) uses many different instruments for quality assurance of new and existing pavements. These instruments measure the different characteristics of the pavement such as the longitudinal profile, transverse profile, texture, rut formation etc to determine the smoothness and ride quality of the pavement. These instruments mainly consist of different sensors such as a laser, an accelerometer and/or a gyroscope to calculate the ride quality. Different ride statistics like the International Roughness Index (IRI), Mean Profile Depth (MPD), Present Serviceability Index (PSI) are then calculated andused to determine the need for repair of the pavements. Currently …

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Wlan Based Indoor Localization, Sreejith Sisupalan Lathikumari Jan 2011

Wlan Based Indoor Localization, Sreejith Sisupalan Lathikumari

Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive

Localization based on received signal strength has been a topic of Interest due to its relative simplicity in measurement and minimal hardware requirements. Much of the research in this field has been on developing an indoor propagation model. A generic indoor propagation model has largely been unsuccessful due to the complex multipath environment present in indoor environments. The main focus of this study is to find the position of the target when the estimated distance from the measurement points are known. The straightforward approach to this problem is by using trilateration techniques. A novel weighted centroid based method is introduced …

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Pilot Based Channel Estimation For 3gpp Lte Downlink, Ankit Ashok Agarwal Jan 2011

Pilot Based Channel Estimation For 3gpp Lte Downlink, Ankit Ashok Agarwal

Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive

Channel estimation is an important part for the design of receivers in mobile communication systems. In order to recover the transmitted information correctly, the effect of the channel on the transmitted signal must be correctly estimated. In this thesis, the pilot based channel estimation algorithms for 3GPP LTE downlink is studied. Channel estimation algorithms such as Least Square (LS), Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) and Modified MMSE (M-MMSE) channel estimation algorithm have been evaluated for LTE downlink 5 MHz bandwidth configuration. The performance of these algorithms for Block type and Comb type pilot arrangement has been measured in terms of …

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Second Order Training Algorithms For Radial Basis Function Neural Networks, Kanishka Tyagi Jan 2011

Second Order Training Algorithms For Radial Basis Function Neural Networks, Kanishka Tyagi

Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive

A systematic two step batch approach for constructing and training of Radial basis function (RBF) neural networks is presented. Unlike other RBF learning algorithms, the proposed paradigm uses optimal learning factors (OLF's) to train the network parameters, i.e. spread parameters, mean vector parameters and weighted distance measure (DM) coefficients. Newton's algorithm is proposed for obtaining multiple optimal learning factors (MOLF) for the network parameters. The weights connected to the output layer are trained by a supervised-learning algorithm based on orthogonal least squares (OLS). The error obtained is then back-propagated to tune the RBF parameters. The proposed hybrid training algorithm has …

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A Planar And Integrated Rectenna For Wireless Power Reception, Vinay Ramachanndra Gowda Jan 2011

A Planar And Integrated Rectenna For Wireless Power Reception, Vinay Ramachanndra Gowda

Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive

In this thesis, a rectenna ("rectifier + antenna") for wireless power reception is designed and experimentally verified. The rectenna consists of two major components: one is a microstrip patch antenna and the other is a half-wave rectifier circuit. The microstrip antenna collects wireless power, and then, the received radio-frequency power is rectified to DC by the rectifier. The microstrip antenna and the rectifier circuit are simulated, fabricated, and tested separately. Before they are integrated, matching network is designed in between them to match the first harmonic. A few integrated rectenna's are built around 2.4 GHz ISM band. The rectenna's are …

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Behavioural Analysis Of Thermal Actuator Made Up Of Metals Like Titanium, Stainless Steel And Brass, Praveen Balaji Thangamani Balasubramanian Jan 2011

Behavioural Analysis Of Thermal Actuator Made Up Of Metals Like Titanium, Stainless Steel And Brass, Praveen Balaji Thangamani Balasubramanian

Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive

Out of the various MEMS actuators, thermal actuators are easy to realize and creates more force by consuming less power compared with other types of MEMS based actuators [2]-[4].Conventional thermal actuators are made up of poly silicon which requires the use of costlier equipment's for its fabrication and further it has to go through dark room processing which is time consuming. In our system the thermal actuator are made up of metals like titanium, stainless steel and brass which were fabricated using a programmable 5-W 355-nm laser system, which makes the fabrication process cheaper and less time consuming. Performance of …

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Organic Biocompatible Nanolayered Polymerization Of Solid-State Devices, Sri Divya Vidyala Jan 2011

Organic Biocompatible Nanolayered Polymerization Of Solid-State Devices, Sri Divya Vidyala

Bioengineering Theses - Archive

Nanotechnology plays a major role in today's society due to its convergence of nanoscale which is the level of atoms and molecules as a part of miniaturization trend. The interference between biomedical and nanotechnology are of intense research. It concerns about the utilization of miniature biological systems such as nucleic acids, proteins, cells and cellular components to fabricate functional organic and inorganic nanostructures. This research work focuses on the process of developing a simple method to obtain fluorinated organic nanocoating which can be used to coat 3D structures and also explain the extended applications of the coating in the fields …

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Substrate Stiffness Adjustable Pdms Device/Array For Understanding Its Effect On Cell Growth, Differentiation And Migration, Chetan Bhuwania Jan 2011

Substrate Stiffness Adjustable Pdms Device/Array For Understanding Its Effect On Cell Growth, Differentiation And Migration, Chetan Bhuwania

Bioengineering Theses - Archive

The mechanical properties of the cellular environment play an important role in the functioning of the cell. Cells attach to the extracellular matrix or other surrounding cells, thus sensing their mechanical properties and tune their own internal mechanical properties accordingly. A number of in vitro studies have been performed to study various cellular mechanical phenomena, but most of them employ a very stiff substrate such as glass or plastic that does not encompass the physiologically relevant range. Also, for tissues of the nervous system, the relationship between the substrate stiffness and the cellular behavior is less understood. In this study, …

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Diagnosis Of Breast Cancer Using Auto-Flourescence Lifetime And Light Reflectance Spectroscopy: A Potential Tool For Positive Margin Assessment, Shivaranjani Shivalingaiah Jan 2011

Diagnosis Of Breast Cancer Using Auto-Flourescence Lifetime And Light Reflectance Spectroscopy: A Potential Tool For Positive Margin Assessment, Shivaranjani Shivalingaiah

Bioengineering Theses - Archive

Malignant Breast Neoplasm (MBN) or breast cancer is a heterogeneous cancer type originating in the breast tissue. Surgery is considered the primary treatment for breast cancer, with many early stage patients being cured without recurrence. The goals of the surgery include complete resection of the primary tumor, with negative margins to reduce the risk of local recurrences. Further, pathological staging of the tumor and axillary lymph nodes are carried out to extract necessary prognostic information. Surgery works well in case of complete Mastectomies. However, the biggest challenge for this technique is determining adequate margins on the partial mastectomy (lumpectomy) specimen. …

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