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Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Selecting A Shaft/Pit Construction Method For Trenchless Technology, Bassam Abusad Jan 2012

Selecting A Shaft/Pit Construction Method For Trenchless Technology, Bassam Abusad

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

The word shaft describes a vertical access point that is created by excavating, vertical boring, or blasting required before the start of tunneling or boring operations. Most trenchless technologies require entry shafts and exit shafts and in some cases and intermediate shaft Trenchless technologies are methods used for the construction and rehabilitation of underground utility pipes. Since pits and shafts are excavated below the ground surface level, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) rules and regulations are enforced for the safety of the workers. The focus of this research is to describe shaft and pit construction methods as applied to …


Biophysical Assessment Of Single Cell Toxicity: Diesel Exhaust Particle-Treated Human Aortic Endothelial Cells, Kytai Truong Nguyen, Hao Xu, ​Yangzhe Wu, Anhong Zhou, Tian Yu, Timothy A. Gilbertson Jan 2012

Biophysical Assessment Of Single Cell Toxicity: Diesel Exhaust Particle-Treated Human Aortic Endothelial Cells, Kytai Truong Nguyen, Hao Xu, ​Yangzhe Wu, Anhong Zhou, Tian Yu, Timothy A. Gilbertson

Bioengineering Faculty Publications - Archive

Exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEPs), a major source of traffic-related air pollution, has become a serious health concern due to its adverse influences on human health including cardiovascular and respiratory disorders. To elucidate the relationship between biophysical properties (cell topography, cytoskeleton organizations, and cell mechanics) and functions of endothelial cells exposed to DEPs, atomic force microscope (AFM) was applied to analyze the toxic effects of DEPs on a model cell line from human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry were also applied to further explore DEP-induced cytotoxicity in HAECs. Results revealed that DEPs could negatively impair …


Multifunctionality Of Indocyanine Green-Loaded Biodegradable Nanoparticles For Enhanced Optical Imaging And Hyperthermia Intervention Of Cancer, Kytai Truong Nguyen, Ronak H. Patel, Nimet L. Patel, Venkaiah C. Kavuri, Hanli Liu Jan 2012

Multifunctionality Of Indocyanine Green-Loaded Biodegradable Nanoparticles For Enhanced Optical Imaging And Hyperthermia Intervention Of Cancer, Kytai Truong Nguyen, Ronak H. Patel, Nimet L. Patel, Venkaiah C. Kavuri, Hanli Liu

Bioengineering Faculty Publications - Archive

The aim of this study was to develop and characterize multifunctional biodegradable and biocompatible poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles loaded with indocyanine green (ICG) as an optical-imaging contrast agent for cancer imaging and as a photothermal therapy agent for cancer treatment. PLGA-ICG nanoparticles (PIN) were synthesized with a particle diameter of 246 11 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.10 0.03, and ICG loading efficiency of 48.75 5.48%. PIN were optically characterized with peak excitation and emission at 765 and 810 5 nm, a fluorescence lifetime of 0.30 0.01 ns, and peak absorbance at 780 nm. The cytocompatibility study of PIN …


Computational Benchmarks In Simulation Of Cyclic Performance Of Steel Connections Using Three Dimensional Nonlinear Finite Element Method, Ali Abolmaali, Mohammad Razavi, Roozbeh Kiamanesh Jan 2012

Computational Benchmarks In Simulation Of Cyclic Performance Of Steel Connections Using Three Dimensional Nonlinear Finite Element Method, Ali Abolmaali, Mohammad Razavi, Roozbeh Kiamanesh

Civil Engineering Faculty Publications - Archive

The presented manuscript is intended to introduce accurate computational benchmarks to predict the hysteresis behavior of beam-column steel connections by means of a 3D non-linear finite element analysis. In this study, element type, inelastic material behavior, bolts pre-tensioning, and contact properties between different components of connections are discussed. Incremental nonlinear analysis takes into account all three types of nonlinearities including material, geometry, and contact properties in predicting moment-rotation hysteresis loops. A series of full-scale structural tests are performed to validate the results obtained from the finite element analyses. This study shows that cost efficient numerical analysis simulation is capable of …


Investigation Of Spectral Properties Of A Dfb Laser Source, Gokul Krishna Srinivasan Jan 2012

Investigation Of Spectral Properties Of A Dfb Laser Source, Gokul Krishna Srinivasan

Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive

We determine the linewidth characteristic of a DFB laser source by conducting experiments employing a coherent detection setup. We use an instrument grade external semiconductor laser device as the local oscillator and the DFB laser as the signal. We analyze the photocurrent using real-time oscilloscope and RF spectrum analyzer. We compute the auto-correlation and the power spectral density of the photocurrent. We model the natural width of the DFB and compare the simulated plot with the experiment data. We determine the intrinsic linewidth of the DFB laser source with this plot. We design a LabView program to record the beat …


Implementation Of Fast Inter-Prediction Mode Decision In H.264/Avc Video Encoder, Amruta Kiran Kulkarni Jan 2012

Implementation Of Fast Inter-Prediction Mode Decision In H.264/Avc Video Encoder, Amruta Kiran Kulkarni

Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive

H.264/MPEG-4 Part 10 or AVC (advanced video coding) is currently one of the most widely used industry standards for video compression. There are several video codec solutions, both software and hardware, available in the market for H.264. This video compression technology is primarily used in applications such as video conferencing, mobile TV, blu-ray discs, digital television and internet video streaming. This thesis uses the JM 17.2 reference software [15], which is available for all users and can be downloaded from http://iphome.hhi.de/suehring/tml. The software is mainly used for educational purposes; it also includes the reference software manual which has information about …


Investigation Of Instabilities Affecting Detonations: Improving The Resolution Using Block-Structured Adaptive Mesh Refinement, Prashaanth Ravindran Jan 2012

Investigation Of Instabilities Affecting Detonations: Improving The Resolution Using Block-Structured Adaptive Mesh Refinement, Prashaanth Ravindran

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Dissertations - Archive

The unstable nature of detonation waves is a result of the critical relationship between the hydrodynamic shock and the chemical reactions sustaining the shock. A perturbative analysis of the critical point is quite challenging due to the multiple spatio-temporal scales involved along with the non-linear nature of the shock-reaction mechanism. The author's research attempts to provide detailed resolution of the instabilities at the shock front. Another key aspect of the present research is to develop an understanding of the causality between the non-linear dynamics of the front and the eventual breakdown of the sub-structures. An accurate numerical simulation of detonation …


Active Nanophotonics For Quantum- And Classical-Optics Applications, Lei Zhu Jan 2012

Active Nanophotonics For Quantum- And Classical-Optics Applications, Lei Zhu

Electrical Engineering Dissertations - Archive

This thesis presents theoretical and experimental development of the interaction enhancement between the photon and matter. We propose one single photon emitter by integrating a single CdSe /ZnS quantum dot into a plasmonic nano-cavity. We experimentally observe directional spontaneous emission with angular half-width of about 10 degrees from a single CdSe/ZnS quantum dot positioned in a slit nanoaperture surrounded by periodic corrugations. Aware of the intrinsic loss limitation of single-photon emitter based on plasmonic nano-cavity, we go on to exploit the relationship between the fluorescence decay times of CdSe/ZnS core-shell quantum dots and the refractive index of the surrounding medium. …


Data Mining Based Threshold Development For Novelty Detection, Poovich Phaladiganon Jan 2012

Data Mining Based Threshold Development For Novelty Detection, Poovich Phaladiganon

Industrial, Manufacturing, and Systems Engineering Dissertations - Archive

The objective of this dissertation is to develop thresholds for novelty detection with applications to statistical process control (SPC). SPC is a widely used technique for improving process and product quality. The primary tool of SPC is a control chart that is used to monitor and detect abnormal processes. Traditional control chart techniques usually require a specific distributional assumption, typically the normal distribution, to establish their control limits. However, in modern manufacturing processes, the normality assumption is often violated. Novelty detection more generally seeks abnormal (or novel) patterns in data, and novelty detection techniques can be applied to control charts …


Multivariate Modeling For A Multiple Stage, Multiple Objective Green Building Framework, Pin Kung Jan 2012

Multivariate Modeling For A Multiple Stage, Multiple Objective Green Building Framework, Pin Kung

Industrial, Manufacturing, and Systems Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Green building is a sustainable concept to reduce environmental impact. Decision–making for green building is a complex task. A multi–stage green building framework will guide future development of a comprehensive multiple stage, multiple objective (MSMO) decision–making framework. The software eQUEST is utilized in a design and analysis of computer experiments (DACE) approach to study building options that potentially impact energy usage and cost metrics. The DACE approach uses experimental design and statistical analysis to uncover multivariate patterns that will provide guidance for green building decisions. The computer experiments execute the green building software tools ATHENA [11] and eQUEST [13]. The …


Micromachined Devices For In Vitro Biomedical Applications, Uday Shankar Tata Jan 2012

Micromachined Devices For In Vitro Biomedical Applications, Uday Shankar Tata

Electrical Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Cell migration is a central process in the development and maintenance of tissues. Any deviation in the process can have serious consequences, such as atherosclerosis and cancer metastasis. During cancer metastasis, chemokines produced at secondary sites form chemical gradients and attract the cancer cells from primary sites. One of the primary limitations for the study of cancer cell migration has been the lack of a suitable cost-effective assay for cell migration with easy translatability to clinical situations. To address these issues, a microfluidic device was designed for assaying of cancer cell migration towards different chemoattractants. The device was created with …


Thermal Effects And Analysis Of High Frequency Devices In Analog Integrated Circuit Design, Ardasheir Sayek Rahman Jan 2012

Thermal Effects And Analysis Of High Frequency Devices In Analog Integrated Circuit Design, Ardasheir Sayek Rahman

Electrical Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Heterojunction Bipolar Junction Transistors (HBTs) are used in various high frequency applications in modern day technology. These devices produce high trans-conductance which is need for high frequency application. Their gain is significantly larger than complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) devices which also imply there is high current within the devices. Since HBTs are very compact structure, the thermal heating generated within the devices needs to be characterized. This thesis explores the thermal effects from self heating in the static and time domains of the devices using 3D dimensional simulation and mathematical modeling using heat flow equation. The study concentrates on the thermal …


The Art Of Microchannel Molding In Microscope Glass Slides, Sree Bhupathiraju Jan 2012

The Art Of Microchannel Molding In Microscope Glass Slides, Sree Bhupathiraju

Industrial, Manufacturing, and Systems Engineering Dissertations - Archive

This research is an effort to develop a new process by combining engineering principles with the history of glass art molding to develop clear micro-level test features in glass, for bio-medical and drug experiments dealing with cells, tissue, and micro-level organisms. Most of the present research in the bio-medical field involving micro-level cell and brain tissue testing is done using expensive glass or developed using Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as the main material. Disadvantages of PDMS is that, over time the cell or blood tissue reacts with polymers causing a reduction in clarity making it difficult for a research scientist to observe …


Nanomembrane Surface Emitting Light Sources, Santhad Chuwongin Jan 2012

Nanomembrane Surface Emitting Light Sources, Santhad Chuwongin

Electrical Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Crystalline semiconductor nanomembranes (NM), which are transferable, stackable, bondable and manufacturable, offer unprecedented opportunities for unique electronic and photonic devices for vertically stacked high density photonic/electronic integration, high performance flexible electronics and flexible photonics. High quality single crystalline silicon NMs (Si NM) have been transferred onto various foreign substrates, such as glass and flexiblePolyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics, based on low temperature transfer and stacking processes, developed by various groups. In the last few years, significant progress has been made by Ma's group on record high-speed flexible electronics, and high performance flexible Germanium (Ge) photodetectors, based on transferable Si/SiGe NMs. Many …


Optimization And Reinforcement Learning Techniques In Multi-Agent Graphical Games And Economic Dispatch, Mohammed Abouheaf Jan 2012

Optimization And Reinforcement Learning Techniques In Multi-Agent Graphical Games And Economic Dispatch, Mohammed Abouheaf

Electrical Engineering Dissertations - Archive

This work discusses optimization and reinforcement learning techniques in power system Economic Dispatch and Multi-Agent graphical games. Power System Economic Dispatch (ED) is one of the power system energy management tools that is used to allocate required power generation to a number of generating units to meet the active load demand [109]. The operation cost of the power utilities depends on the fuel cost of the generating units. By optimizing the objective functions that depend on the fuel cost, the Economic Dispatch results in fuel cost savings, [25]. The generation cost functions are either smooth or non-smooth based on the …


Solid-State Devices For Detection Of Dna, Protein Biomarkers And Cells, Waseem Asghar Jan 2012

Solid-State Devices For Detection Of Dna, Protein Biomarkers And Cells, Waseem Asghar

Electrical Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Nanobiotechnology and BioMEMS have had tremendous impact on biosensing in the areas of cancer cell detection and therapeutics, disease diagnostics, proteomics and DNA analysis. Diseases are expressed on all levels including DNA, protein, cell and tissue. Therefore it is very critical to develop biosensors at each level. The power of the nanotechnology lies in the fact that we can fabricate devices on all scales from micro to nano. This dissertation focuses on four areas: 1) Development of nanopore sensors for DNA analysis; 2) Development of micropore sensors for early detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from whole blood; 3) Synthesis …


Precision And Mobility Analysis For Microrobot Design And Control, Muhammed Rasid Pac Jan 2012

Precision And Mobility Analysis For Microrobot Design And Control, Muhammed Rasid Pac

Electrical Engineering Dissertations - Archive

The emerging field of microrobotics extends from manipulation of nanostructures to 3D assembly of micromachines, and to control of motile bacteria as manipulation tools. Microrobots are not necessarily small themselves but the smallest scale in which they operate is measured in micrometers. Microrobots have to be precise, fast, and flexible to be useful as top-down manufacturing tools. As the relative magnitudes of uncertainties and errors with respect to the operational precision of robots grow towards smaller scales, the requirement for better precision increases. Hence, the concepts of precision analysis and precision-based design are important steps in microrobotic system development. In …


Reducing The Encoding Time For H.264 Baseline Profile Using Parallel Programming Techniques., Tushar Ashok Saxena Jan 2012

Reducing The Encoding Time For H.264 Baseline Profile Using Parallel Programming Techniques., Tushar Ashok Saxena

Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive

This thesis is aimed at reducing the encoding time for a group of pictures (GOP) for h.264 baseline profile on a general purpose CPU. This thesis also aims at drawing a comparison between task based parallelism and data based parallelism. The reduction is achieved by encoding the frames in parallel rather than serially. Task based parallelism is achieved by equally dividing the GOP's in two different threads and running them on the underlying hardware at the same time using Open MP software. Data based parallelism is achieved by finding the hot spots in the software and then parallelizing it using …


Optimizing A Neural Network Over Size And Iteration Number, Jignesh K. Patel Jan 2012

Optimizing A Neural Network Over Size And Iteration Number, Jignesh K. Patel

Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive

A unique algorithm has been developed for training multilayer perceptron neural networks. First the training algorithm has been used with hidden weight optimization (HWO) and multiple optimal learning factors (MOLF) to get the best performance. In each training iteration, this method first optimally orders the inputs and then optimally orders the hidden basis functions. At the end of each training iteration, the method calculates the validation error versus number of basis function curve in one pass through the validation data. Since, pruning is done at each iteration, we optimize validation error over number of basis functions and number of iterations …


Fabrication Of Small Diameter Vascular Graft Using Stacked Collagen Films, Sandeep Shah Jan 2012

Fabrication Of Small Diameter Vascular Graft Using Stacked Collagen Films, Sandeep Shah

Bioengineering Theses - Archive

Collagen I have been widely used in the field of vascular tissue engineering. They are characterized better for their interaction at the cellular level but are often limited as vascular graft due to their weak mechanical strength and thrombic property. The crosslinking chemicals or polymers support are used to overcome weak mechanical property. Crosslinking agents tend to have cytotoxic effects while blend with synthetic polymers have mismatch or compliancy issues inside the body. Here in this set of study, we used stacked collagen films and embedded drug delivery system within the film to construct small tubular conduits to meet the …


Effective Construction Schedule Management: Construction Project Monitoring With Project Performance Indicators & The Project Status Report, Christopher Michael Totin Jan 2012

Effective Construction Schedule Management: Construction Project Monitoring With Project Performance Indicators & The Project Status Report, Christopher Michael Totin

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

A thorough review of construction and engineering literature was conducted to discover and organize current best practices and standards for the purpose of monitoring a construction project. The status of a construction project is a measurement of its progress and performance in terms of time, cost, and scope. Awareness of a construction project's status improves decision-making on the part of owners, engineers, contractors, and other project stakeholders. Project Performance Indicators (PPI) are metrics generated by construction project schedules that define a project's status. Project personnel must monitor critical schedule and cost data, or PPI, in order to maintain control of …


Investigation Of Co-Pyrolysis Between Sargassum Macroalgae And Polystyrene, Ketwalee Kositkanawuth Jan 2012

Investigation Of Co-Pyrolysis Between Sargassum Macroalgae And Polystyrene, Ketwalee Kositkanawuth

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Biomass is one source of renewable energy which helps minimize greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, specifically carbon dioxide (CO2), since biomass utilizes CO2 via photosynthesis. Various conversion processes are applied to utilize energy from biomass, including pyrolysis. Pyrolysis is a thermal route of decomposing biomass at high temperature without the presence of oxygen. The process generates three main products including bio-oil, residue, and non-condensable gases; however, the most promising product is the biomass oil, which is in liquid form and convenient for handle and transport. Numerous studies on pyrolysis of terrestrial biomass reveal that the crude bio-oil cannot be directly used …


Modeling Leachate Bod And Cod Using Lab-Scale Reactor Landfills And Multiple Linear Regression Analysis, Said Altouqi Jan 2012

Modeling Leachate Bod And Cod Using Lab-Scale Reactor Landfills And Multiple Linear Regression Analysis, Said Altouqi

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

The increasing production of municipal solid waste is a direct consequence of the continuous growth of the world's population and economy. This fact makes protecting the environment against contamination by different kinds of waste a challenging job for engineers and decision makers. Conventional landfilling practices have sometimes failed to protect fresh water resources against leachate contamination as well as the atmosphere against greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. Many developed countries have already taken serious steps toward moving to properly engineered, environmental friendly landfills.Landfill leachate contains organic and inorganic pollutants that have been extensively studied in the last …


Development Of Detailed Computational Flow Model Of High End Server And Validation Using Experimental Methods, Vijayalayan Pandiyan Jan 2012

Development Of Detailed Computational Flow Model Of High End Server And Validation Using Experimental Methods, Vijayalayan Pandiyan

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

The continued development of the microprocessor has led to significant increase in high frequency interconnects and power dissipation. High power devices are pushing the limits of air cooling in data center environments. Data center power consumption continues to grow at a rapid pace. In light of this increasing trend in power consumption, computer systems researchers, application designers, power and cooling engineers, and governmental bodies have all launched research efforts to improve data center energy efficiency [1]. Rack servers tend to be the main perpetrators of wasting energy and represent the largest portion of the IT energy load in a typical …


Experimental/Computational Analysis Of Active Cooling Of Stacked Device Using Multidimensional Configured Thermoelectric Modules, Vaidehi Bharat Patel Jan 2012

Experimental/Computational Analysis Of Active Cooling Of Stacked Device Using Multidimensional Configured Thermoelectric Modules, Vaidehi Bharat Patel

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

Stacked devices are currently used widely because of their smaller footprint and corresponding ability to accommodate heterogeneous devices such as memory and logic and enable a silicon efficiency greater than 100%. This configuration will results in thermal management challenges due to the torturous heat dissipation path. In addition, the non-uniformity in chip power distribution results in an increased spreading resistance as well as temperature gradient at the device level that can degrade performance and reliability. In this study the Thermoelectric Modules were configured in a multidimensional form surrounding a three dimensional cold core. The corresponding Computational Fluid Dynamics model is …


Large Scale Finite Element Analysis Using Gpu Parallel Computing, Ashkan Akbariyeh Jan 2012

Large Scale Finite Element Analysis Using Gpu Parallel Computing, Ashkan Akbariyeh

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

In the past years, graphic processing units have become a new abundant parallelcomputing resource on personal computers. In this work parallel computation ofa typical case in nite element analysis for solids has been practiced. The solutionof 3-D linear elastic static problems with 3 degree of freedom is fully implementedutilizing the current GPU technology. Discretization of the problem has been donefor two cases of: Tetrahedral and Hexahedral elements. Acceleration of the solutionhas been realized using SIMT parallel algorithms. Sparse matrix storage formats aswell as matrix-vector operations are investigated for optimum hardware utilization.preconditioned conjugate gradient method has been fully implemented on the …


Complexity Reduction In H.264 Encoder Using Open Multiprocessing, Tejas Pravin Sathe Jan 2012

Complexity Reduction In H.264 Encoder Using Open Multiprocessing, Tejas Pravin Sathe

Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive

H.264 video standard developed by Joint Video Team has proven dramatic improvements in bit-rate efficiency, compression ratio, video quality and error resilience. But, all this is achieved at the expense of more than four times of the computational complexity due to various new features including quarter-pixel motion estimation with variable block sizes and multiple reference frames, adaptive directional intra-prediction, integer transformation based on discrete cosine transform, alternative entropy coding mode Context-based Adaptive Variable Length Coding (CAVLC) or Context-Based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding (CABAC), in loop de-blocking filter etc. This thesis aims at reducing the encoding time for the video sequence …


Multi-Variable Model Of A Neural Network Based Weather Forecaster Using 2-Stage Feature Selection, Kunal Chandrakant Vora Jan 2012

Multi-Variable Model Of A Neural Network Based Weather Forecaster Using 2-Stage Feature Selection, Kunal Chandrakant Vora

Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive

This thesis proposes a novel approach for designing a neural network based forecaster that predicts more than one variable at a time. A second order two stage neural network training algorithm is used that employs orthogonal least square for training the output weights. In order to reduce the size of the network and train the forecaster optimally it uses time-domain feature selection and KLT transform based feature selection. The forecaster works well and the feature selection reduces the number of required inputs on the order of 70 %.


Engineering Characteristics Of Recyled Plastic Pin, Lumber And Bamboo For Soil Slope Stabilization, Faisal Shakib Ahmed Jan 2012

Engineering Characteristics Of Recyled Plastic Pin, Lumber And Bamboo For Soil Slope Stabilization, Faisal Shakib Ahmed

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

Shallow slope failures are predominant in North Texas and pose a significant maintenance problem. The traditional slope repair and stabilization techniques become expensive in some instances with direct costs associated in maintenance and repair of landslides. A new approach for slope stabilization has been developed using Recycled Plastic Pins ( RPP) to reinforce slope movements. The engineering properties of RPP in compression and bending strength along with environmental considerations dictate the design and repair of slopes using RPP. Two other materials have also been considered as an alternative: (1) Wood lumber and (2) Bamboo. Wood has many advantages as an …


Development Of A Flexible Pavement Design Procedure Based On The Mechanistic - Empirical Pavement Design Guide: A Case Study, Ali Qays Abdullah Jan 2012

Development Of A Flexible Pavement Design Procedure Based On The Mechanistic - Empirical Pavement Design Guide: A Case Study, Ali Qays Abdullah

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

This research developed design tables of new flexible pavement structures for New York State Department of Transportation based on the Mechanistic Empirical Design Guide (MEPDG). The design tables were developed using the MEPDG software for Regions 1, 3, and 7 for Upstate part of New York State and for Regions 8, 10, and 11 for the Downstate part of New York State. The MEPDG software was used to run design cases for combinations of: climate conditions, traffic volume, subgrade soil stiffness (Mr) and pavement structures. The conditions that the MEPDG was used to run were: the road structures classified as …