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Full-Text Articles in Engineering
A Pavement Design Schema, James H. Havens, Robert C. Deen, Herbert F. Southgate
A Pavement Design Schema, James H. Havens, Robert C. Deen, Herbert F. Southgate
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
Elastic theory and 40 years of empirical flexible pavement design in Kentucky have been joined into the design system presented herein. A brief discussion is presented of the coupling mechanisms relating experience to theoretical analyses. An annotated design procedure is presented as a guide for pavement designers. Design nomographs account for a wide range of input parameters and permit the designer a wide choice of alternative thickness designs.
Characteristics Of Outdoor Recreational Travel, Jerry G. Pigman, John A. Deacon, Robert C. Deen
Characteristics Of Outdoor Recreational Travel, Jerry G. Pigman, John A. Deacon, Robert C. Deen
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
The purpose of this investigation was to examine the characteristics of travel to outdoor recreational areas in Kentucky. Data were obtained by means of a license-plate, origin-destination survey at 160 sites within 42 recreational areas and by means of a continuous vehicle counting program at eight of these sites. A computer algorithm was developed for error detection and subsequent adjustment of the volume data as necessitated by occasional malfunction of the traffic recorders and vandalism. Vehicle occupancy was found to depend of the type of recreational area, distance traveled, and vehicle type. Occupancy increased with increasing distance and was greatest …
Elements Of Median Design In Relation To Accident Occurrence, Gordon R. Garner, Robert C. Deen
Elements Of Median Design In Relation To Accident Occurrence, Gordon R. Garner, Robert C. Deen
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
The purpose of this study was to compare the accident histories of different median types and to provide verification of generally recommended median widths and slopes. A major limitation of the analyses was the small number of possible combinations of median width and cross slope available for study.
The analyses reported provided evidence from accident histories to support the general requirement that wider medians are safer medians. It was indicated that medians should be a minimum of 30-40 feet wide for high speed facilities and that flat slopes should be provided; 4:1 slopes are inadequate for medians less than 60 …
Mercury-Filled Settlement Gage, Tommy C. Hopkins, Robert C. Deen
Mercury-Filled Settlement Gage, Tommy C. Hopkins, Robert C. Deen
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
A description is given of a remote sensing, multiple-point, mercury-filled settlement gage designed for measuring in-place settlements. The gage consists of settlement units positioned at locations where settlement measurements are desired and a monitoring unit located outside of construction limits. Settlement readings are observed on a mercury manometer located at the monitoring site and are· equal to the differences in initial and subsequent pressure head readings. Comparisons of measurements obtained at a highway construction site from mercury gage settlement units and conventional settlement platforms are presented and show very good agreement. With the mercury gage, a large amount of settlement …
Tar Concrete Pavement Construction And Performance, Jerry G. Rose
Tar Concrete Pavement Construction And Performance, Jerry G. Rose
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
In 1969, a 6.6-mile section of relocated KY 15 in Perry and Knott Counties was paved utilizing coal-tar (RT-12) concrete base and surface. This project was authorized under the Appalachian Regional Development Act of 1965 and was designated as experimental as a means of implementing a section of the Act.
Two nearby sections of KY 15, containing asphalt (PAC-5) concrete base and surface, were designated as control sections and used for comparison purposes. With the exception of the bituminous material, the experimental and control sections were purposefully made equal in all other respects. A design soil CBR of 9 was …
The Safety Barrier Dilemma, James H. Havens, Don L. Cornette, William M. Seymour
The Safety Barrier Dilemma, James H. Havens, Don L. Cornette, William M. Seymour
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
"Ran-off-the-road" fatal accidents currently account for approximately 65 percent of all freeway fatalities (1). Accordingly, ever-increasing emphasis has been given to the development of effective safety barrier systems, from guardrails to earth berms to median barriers to energy absorbing barriers and mires. However, highway designers have also recognized that safety barriers are hazards in themselves, misfits in the highway environment, and that they are items to be eliminated wherever possible. In a study of fatal accidents on the Interstate Highway System, it was found that fixed object collisions have been the leading source of fatalities, accounting for 43 percent …
Spraygrip Anti-Skid Treatments, Kentucky Turnpike, Jerry G. Rose
Spraygrip Anti-Skid Treatments, Kentucky Turnpike, Jerry G. Rose
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
No abstract provided.
Energy Absorption Devices, James H. Havens
Energy Absorption Devices, James H. Havens
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
An ironic consequence of modern highways has been the emergence of new types of accidents. Recent investigations (1) have shown that "running off the road" may be the largest, single cause of fatalities on limited access, multilane roads. According to the 1967 Report of the Special AASHO Traffic Safety Committee ("Yellow Book") (2) the rate of accidents in gore areas is approximately four times that of ran-off-the-road accidents at other locations. Gore areas which are not or cannot be modified to provide favorable terrain and unobstructed recovery zones have been recognized as misfits in the environs of the highway. Crash …
Accident And Economic Analyses Of Access Control On Several Bypasses, Kenneth R. Agent
Accident And Economic Analyses Of Access Control On Several Bypasses, Kenneth R. Agent
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
In an effort to relieve congestion on urban streets, bypasses have been built to provide through traffic a route by which the downtown areas can be avoided.
In many cases, though, bypasses have created a serious accident potential because they were built with at-grade intersections and no access control. This leads to commercial developments along the bypass and congestion at major intersections. Bypasses were constructed in this manner because of the high initial cost involved in building a bypass with access control and grade-separated interchanges. There is, therefore, a need to determine if the accident cost savings, along with time …
Application Of Gravity And Intervening Opportunities Models To Recreational Travel In Kentucky, Kenneth D. Kaltenbach
Application Of Gravity And Intervening Opportunities Models To Recreational Travel In Kentucky, Kenneth D. Kaltenbach
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
Weekend outdoor recreational travel has a major impact on the highway network in Kentucky. Data from a previous study (1) indicate that the number of people visiting 42 typical Kentucky outdoor recreation areas on an average summer Sunday in 1970 was approximately 260,000. Most of these 42 areas, by virtue of their outdoor nature, are located in rural settings. Most have access to major arterial highways only by means of narrow, low standard rural roads. Traffic generated by the recreation areas and their associated developments severely strains these secondary access highways and places a significant additional load on the rural …
Unstable Embankment: Us 119 Harlan-Pineville Road Stations 1260 To 1265, Tommy C. Hopkins
Unstable Embankment: Us 119 Harlan-Pineville Road Stations 1260 To 1265, Tommy C. Hopkins
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
In January I972, an in-depth investigation of an unstable embankment, Figure 1, on US 119 near Station 1262+00 was initiated. The site is approximately five miles southwest of Harlan and near Wilhoit. Figures 2 and 3 show a plan view and a typical cross-section, respectively. US 119 travels on a tangent from Station 1252+16 to 1255+54 in a northerly direction. From that point, the roadway gradually curves four degrees to the east, becoming tangent again near Station 1275+00. At about Station 1258+00, the roadway emerges from a cut, and near Station 1266+00 it reenters a small cut. Between the latter …
Skid Resistance Of Pavements [July 1972], Rolands L. Rizenbergs, James L. Burchett, Cass T. Napier
Skid Resistance Of Pavements [July 1972], Rolands L. Rizenbergs, James L. Burchett, Cass T. Napier
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
Standard pavement types and experimental surfaces on roads throughout Kentucky were evaluated in terms of skid resistance and effects of traffic, wear, and polishing. Friction-vs-speed gradients and the relationships between locked-wheel and incipient friction were determined. Class I bituminous pavements on high-speed, four-lane roads were found to be significantly more skid resistant than on two-lane highways and somewhat more skid resistant than concrete surfaces (especially those containing calcareous gravel aggregates). Sand-asphalt surfaces containing significant proportions of limestone sands showed inadequate level of friction for the traffic sustained. Several experimental sand asphalts without limestone sands exhibited greater skid resistance; Kentucky rock …
High-Intensity Reflective Materials For Signs, Rolands L. Rizenbergs
High-Intensity Reflective Materials For Signs, Rolands L. Rizenbergs
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
The intuitive need for improved sign legibility has increased through the years as traffic volumes, speeds and roadway designs have advanced. Because of increased traffic volumes, low-beam headlight illumination at night has become more imperative. Signs are being located farther from the travelled lanes; higher speeds are requiring messages to be more legible at greater distances (for driver decision and response). Recent studies have indicated that even Engineering Grade (2200 and 3200 Series) Scotchlite or materials designated as Type I, Class A in S.P. No. 89-A, may be inadequate for some signing situations. Signs may be made larger and(or) incorporate …
Proposed Remedies: Unstable Embankment At Mile Post 188 And Channel Erosion At Mile Post 190-191; I 64, Boyd County, David R. Houchin, James H. Havens
Proposed Remedies: Unstable Embankment At Mile Post 188 And Channel Erosion At Mile Post 190-191; I 64, Boyd County, David R. Houchin, James H. Havens
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
The Department became aware of fill slippage on I 64 some 300 feet east of mile post 188 during the summer of 1967. In September of that year Mr. L. E. Richardson, Division of Maintenance, and Mr. Gordon D. Scott, Division of Research, made an inspection of the area. Mr. Scott reported cracking of shoulder, movement of the guard rail, and a failure in the berm along the toe. However, subsequent inspections showed the slip to be stabilizing by itself until late in 1970 when some additional movement was observed. In January of 1971, the most conspicuous pavement failure was …
An Operational Analysis Of The I 64, I 65, I 71 Route Junction In Louisville, Jerry G. Pigman, William M. Seymour, Kenneth R. Agent, Don L. Cornette
An Operational Analysis Of The I 64, I 65, I 71 Route Junction In Louisville, Jerry G. Pigman, William M. Seymour, Kenneth R. Agent, Don L. Cornette
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
The Kennedy Interchange in Louisville is the most geometrically complicated of any in Kentucky; it is the junction of three interstate routes, I 64, I 65, and I 71. The many diverging, weaving, and merging movements demand a driver's attention. One merging situation collapses into an impasse during peak-hour traffic. This study is responsive to certain inquiries by the Department concerning safety and possible discovery of design deficiencies at this interchange. It was not intended to be an in-depth study but rather an exploratory identification of problems and their locations; more comprehensive studies, by others, would ensue if needed. The …
Expansive Limestone Aggregate In A Concrete Pavement, James H. Havens, Assaf S. Rahal
Expansive Limestone Aggregate In A Concrete Pavement, James H. Havens, Assaf S. Rahal
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
Recurrent blowups and surface cracking are common symptoms of distress in concrete pavements. Premature appearance of distress symptoms is alarming because the materials used in the concrete become suspect. Criteria for design, quality of materials, and construction are necessarily re-evaluated. Indeed, a dutiful effort to discover the cause(s) and to provide future safeguards is reasonably expected.
The analysis of causative factors besetting I 65-1(13)13 was complicated by an intuitive notion that blowups and surface cracks might be separate and independent problems. The crack pattern resembled the configuration of the wire mesh -- which was vibrated into position after the concrete …
Comparative Evaluation Of Raygo 404 Vibratory Roller, Jerry D. Ross, Herbert F. Southgate, Donald C. Newberry Jr.
Comparative Evaluation Of Raygo 404 Vibratory Roller, Jerry D. Ross, Herbert F. Southgate, Donald C. Newberry Jr.
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
Roller evaluations are rather phenomenological -- that is, one must rely somewhat on observations. Density measurements following each excursion of the compactor may not relate directly to the work done in compressing the layer. When no increase in density is realized, no work is accomplished. Work is defined here in the classical sense. Energy expended without producing an increase in density is wasted. Thereafter, the only way additional classical work can be done on the layer is to reduce density.
The number of excursions necessary to achieve an acceptable or comparable density generally reflects efficiency of the compactor. Much may …
Noise Pollution And Abatement: A Review Of Literature, Kenneth R. Agent, Robert C. Deen
Noise Pollution And Abatement: A Review Of Literature, Kenneth R. Agent, Robert C. Deen
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
Complaints concerning traffic noise and possibly seismic vibrations emanating from highways would probably have been adjudicated on the basis of common law doctrines pertaining to "nuisances", "common enemy'', and ''power of relief" were it not for recent legislation and regulations directed toward protection of the total environment. In effect, "freedom from noise" has been added to the clean water, clean air, clean earth policies. Surely each of those policies are founded on public sentiment.
There have been a few instances where the Department has yielded relief because of traffic noise. Now safeguarding regulations seem inevitable.
In the past, this Division …
Stress Histories Of Bridge Members From Scratch Gage Records, Ronald D. Hughes
Stress Histories Of Bridge Members From Scratch Gage Records, Ronald D. Hughes
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
This report describes the use of scratch gages for obtaining strain histories of bridge members. Basic components of the gage are designated and its operation is described in general terms. Stress histories, deduced from strain records, for various members of three bridges obtained through use of the gages are presented. A procedure for use in replicating sections of deteriorated members is described.
Bridges: Synthesis Of Load Histories And Analysis Of Fatigue, James H. Havens, Robert C. Deen
Bridges: Synthesis Of Load Histories And Analysis Of Fatigue, James H. Havens, Robert C. Deen
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
Repeated stressing of metals above certain limits induces inter- and intra-crystalline dislocations and cleavages and eventually cracks which propagate to failure. Some authorities consider crack propagation to be a separate and discrete stage in the failure process. The internal damage is insidiously cumulative and irreversible. This phenomenon was recognized as early as 1829 and was termed fatigue as early as 1839(1). From the beginning of fatigue testing (Wohler, 1858-1870), results have been reported as S-N, S-log N, or log S-log N curves, where N is the number of repetitions of stress S. From a structural design point of view, …
Chronological Listing Of Research Reports, Division Of Research, Kentucky Department Of Highways
Chronological Listing Of Research Reports, Division Of Research, Kentucky Department Of Highways
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
No abstract provided.
Experimental Overlay Of Glazon Over Two Bridge Decks, Assaf S. Rahal, A. B. Blankenship
Experimental Overlay Of Glazon Over Two Bridge Decks, Assaf S. Rahal, A. B. Blankenship
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
In accordance with a Personal Service Agreement entered into with the Glazon Industries, Inc., on July 2, 1971, the two subject decks were patched and overlayed with Glazon. On July 27, 1971, work started on RP 106-286-HG3, KY 395 bridge over I 64 in Shelby County. Work consisted of routing old concrete and sandblasting the surface (Figures 1 and 2). State personnel and equipment were used for all cleaning operations. The same procedures were followed to clean HM 99-1324A-MB3 in Powell County near Clay City.
On July 28, 1971, Glazon personnel and equipment arrived at the work site in Shelby …
Subject Listing Of Research Reports, Division Of Research, Kentucky Department Of Highways
Subject Listing Of Research Reports, Division Of Research, Kentucky Department Of Highways
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
No abstract provided.