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Articles 4681 - 4710 of 40907

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Nitrification Rate Depends On Nitrogen Fertilizer Source In Root-Zones For Bioregenerative Life-Support, Noah J. Langenfeld, Bruce Bugbee May 2024

Nitrification Rate Depends On Nitrogen Fertilizer Source In Root-Zones For Bioregenerative Life-Support, Noah J. Langenfeld, Bruce Bugbee

Utah Space Grant Consortium

Nitrification helps recycle nitrogen (N) in closed root-zones with multiple N inputs. We studied nitrification rates in peat moss soilless media adjusted to pH 6.5 to 7 and watered with nutrient solutions containing 9 mM N from ammonium nitrate, ammonium, nitrate, urea, or microbial biomass (lysed cells of the N-fixing bacteria Azotobacter vinelandii). We leached the media with nutrient solution every week for 150 days and measured the pH, electrical conductivity, and nitrate concentration. We measured ammonium in the peat moss at the end of the study using a potassium chloride extraction and quantified total N by combustion. Nitrification …


Estimating The Full Pressure Field Immediately Downstream From A Propeller Using Stereoscopic Piv, Nathan Welker, Daniel Maynes May 2024

Estimating The Full Pressure Field Immediately Downstream From A Propeller Using Stereoscopic Piv, Nathan Welker, Daniel Maynes

Utah Space Grant Consortium

Despite their relative importance in aerodynamic and turbulent flow measurements, pressure data has long been limited to time-mean fields made using tedious and intrusive pitot probe arrays. However, velocity-based measurements, such as particle image velocimetry (PIV), can be combined with the governing flow equations to derive high resolution pressure fields in a non-intrusive way. Using phase-locking and a multi-plane stereo-PIV approach, the pressure fields in the wake of an isolated propeller were measured using this method. The results were compared to data obtained from a traditional pitot probe. It was found that the pressure profile from the PIV approach was …


Expedited Cellular Uptake Of Hydrophobic Antioxidants For Oxidative Stress Mitigation Via F127 Micelle Encapsulation, Kyle Jackson, Kade Robison, David Britt, Yu Huang May 2024

Expedited Cellular Uptake Of Hydrophobic Antioxidants For Oxidative Stress Mitigation Via F127 Micelle Encapsulation, Kyle Jackson, Kade Robison, David Britt, Yu Huang

Utah Space Grant Consortium

Various hydrophobic antioxidants remain unexplored for the treatment of space radiation and oxidative stress due to their inability to enter the cell without a drug delivery vehicle. Here, we explore the Pluronic F127 drug delivery vehicle, known as a micelle, and examine cellular responses following antioxidant delivery and oxidative stress mitigation. We also investigate methods for producing antioxidant-loaded micelles and their potential suitability for astronauts, including the best ways they might be administered during space flight missions. This research paves the way for new antioxidants to be used to protect astronauts from diseases caused by space conditions such as radiation …


Earth Observation Satellite Data Reveals Correlations Between Temperature, Turbidity, And Chlorophyll-A In Utah Lake, Kaylee B. Tanner May 2024

Earth Observation Satellite Data Reveals Correlations Between Temperature, Turbidity, And Chlorophyll-A In Utah Lake, Kaylee B. Tanner

Utah Space Grant Consortium

No abstract provided.


Demonstration Of Self-Deploying And Self-Stabilizing Behaviors In Origami-Inspired Arrays, Katie Varela, Lydia Beazer, Larry L. Howell, Nathan S. Usevitch, Spencer P. Magleby May 2024

Demonstration Of Self-Deploying And Self-Stabilizing Behaviors In Origami-Inspired Arrays, Katie Varela, Lydia Beazer, Larry L. Howell, Nathan S. Usevitch, Spencer P. Magleby

Utah Space Grant Consortium

Although origami-inspired mechanisms are becoming more common in engineering, transitioning from a paper-based origami pattern to a deployable array requires many design decisions, including selecting a thickness accommodation technique, hinges/surrogate folds, deployment method, stability measures, damping process, etc. This work focuses on demonstrating deployment and stabilization techniques applied to Miura-Ori configurations, with the primary objective of achieving a self-deploying and self-stabilizing array that could be utilized as a reflectarray antenna or other deployable system for satellites. These arrays must be compact when stowed, yet deploy expansively, with minimal to no aid. Specifically, this work describes deployment techniques that can be …


Kirigami Pattern Development For Gossamer Reflectarray Antenna, Ivy Running, Carolina Wright, Robert J. Lang, Larry Howell, Spencer Magleby May 2024

Kirigami Pattern Development For Gossamer Reflectarray Antenna, Ivy Running, Carolina Wright, Robert J. Lang, Larry Howell, Spencer Magleby

Utah Space Grant Consortium

Gossamer arrays for satellites are large, thin deployable structures, and they are attractive for space applications because they can be folded and stowed compactly for transportation and be deployed to have large functional surface areas. Reflectarray (RF) antennas could potentially function well on gossamer structures because they can be mounted on thin membranes. However, the efficiency of RF antennas decreases with any deviations from a flat plane, including those induced by plastically deformed creases. The study of origami allows us to design stowage configurations that meet specific needs. In this case, origami patterns and principles are explored that enable a …


A Survey Of Model Fits To Brown Dwarf Spectra Through The L-T Sequence, Savanah Turner, Denise Stephens May 2024

A Survey Of Model Fits To Brown Dwarf Spectra Through The L-T Sequence, Savanah Turner, Denise Stephens

Utah Space Grant Consortium

Theoretical atmosphere models based on known physics and chemistry can be used as tools to interpret and understand our observations of brown dwarfs. We have fit archival near-infrared spectra of over 300 brown dwarfs with atmosphere models from the Sonora and Phoenix groups. Using the parameters of the best-fit models as estimates for the physical properties of the brown dwarfs in our sample, we have performed a survey of how brown dwarf atmospheres evolve with spectral type and temperature. We present the fit results and observed trends. We use these fit results to note where current atmosphere models are able …


Quantitative Analysis Of Terrestrial Caldera Shape And Applications In Planetary Geomorphology, Camille Cowan, Jani Radebaugh May 2024

Quantitative Analysis Of Terrestrial Caldera Shape And Applications In Planetary Geomorphology, Camille Cowan, Jani Radebaugh

Utah Space Grant Consortium

Volcanism on rocky planets and moons can yield valuable insights into their composition, evolution, and heat regime. This study creates a model to determine characteristics of extraterrestrial volcanoes based on imagery, one of the most abundant resources for studying other planetary bodies. We found that of 56 measured calderas, 61% were correctly classified into compositional categories based on shape alone. These results indicate that this model can be applied to calderas on other planets and moons to help constrain characteristics of their volcanism.


Target Position And Velocity Estimation Using Doppler Information From Wifi Signals, James Hyland, Todd K. Moon May 2024

Target Position And Velocity Estimation Using Doppler Information From Wifi Signals, James Hyland, Todd K. Moon

Utah Space Grant Consortium

RF signals reflected off of a moving target experience a Doppler shift determined by the speed of the target. This can be used for target tracking, which could be useful in a variety of settings, such as using a communication signal to track a satellite, or to determine the location of a person within the space station. Although these reflections are weak compared to the signal seen from a direct path, the Doppler components can still be extracted. By processing Doppler signals from multiple receivers, the position and velocity of a target moving in the vicinity of the system can …


The Role Of Monitoring The Partial Pressure Of Oxygen In Urine For Early Detection Of Acute Kidney Injury, Lars Lofgren, Kai Kück, Natalie Silverton May 2024

The Role Of Monitoring The Partial Pressure Of Oxygen In Urine For Early Detection Of Acute Kidney Injury, Lars Lofgren, Kai Kück, Natalie Silverton

Utah Space Grant Consortium

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined as an abrupt decrease in renal function due to structural injury. AKI has a large effect on critical care patients due to a relatively high occurrence and association with poor outcomes. Currently, the diagnostic tools that we have, serum creatinine and urine output, are delayed indicators of the presence of injury and simply capture the drop in renal function. However, there is evidence that renal hypoxia plays a role in the development of most forms of AKI. Furthermore, there is a correlation between the partial pressure of oxygen in urine (PuO2) and …


Reference Channel Optimization In Bistatic & Passive Radar, Matthew Finger May 2024

Reference Channel Optimization In Bistatic & Passive Radar, Matthew Finger

Utah Space Grant Consortium

The thesis will cover the first steps and attempts to create a small scale bistatic radar using a Pluto software defined radio.


New Quantum Information Science Study At Bsu: A Theoretical Study And Research Towards Pic Generation Of Entangled Photons, Peyton Brown May 2024

New Quantum Information Science Study At Bsu: A Theoretical Study And Research Towards Pic Generation Of Entangled Photons, Peyton Brown

Honors Program Theses and Projects

The first part of this thesis explores the abstract quantum state vector space using Dirac formalism, providing a comprehensive analysis of quantum mechanics’ fundamental concepts. Emphasis is placed on the Dirac notation’s pivotal role in elucidating quantum phenomena such as superposition and entanglement. Through detailed examinations of quantum states, polarization, and the CHSH inequality, this study not only reinforces the theoretical foundations of quantum information science but also demonstrates its practical applications in quantum information and quantum computing. The discussion delves into the manipulation of qubits and quantum gates, showing the potential of quantum information theory in enhancing computational efficiencies …


Duality Of Ensemble Systems Through Moment Representations, Vignesh Narayanan, Wei Zhang, Jr-Shin Li May 2024

Duality Of Ensemble Systems Through Moment Representations, Vignesh Narayanan, Wei Zhang, Jr-Shin Li

Publications

Controlling large-scale dynamic population systems, known as ensemble control, is a pervasive and essential task in many emerging applications from diverse scientific domains. Previous focuses in the area of ensemble control have been placed on seeking open-loop control strategies due to unavailability of state feedback information for each individual system in the ensemble. In this paper, we develop a foundational framework for analysis and control of ensemble systems with closed feedback control loops. We introduce the notion of ensemble moments and construct moment systems associated with the ensemble systems. By extending the classical moment problem in mathematical analysis and statistics, …


05.06.2024 Orsp Connect, Liz Williamson May 2024

05.06.2024 Orsp Connect, Liz Williamson

ORED Newsletter

Library Faculty Win NIH Award, Uniform Guidance Updates,


Investigating The Impact Of Secondary Activation Time On The Adsorption Properties Of Activated Biochar For Arsenic Removal From Wastewater, Achyuth Bharadwaj Rayarao May 2024

Investigating The Impact Of Secondary Activation Time On The Adsorption Properties Of Activated Biochar For Arsenic Removal From Wastewater, Achyuth Bharadwaj Rayarao

Graduate Theses and Dissertations (2019 - present)

Biochar, a naturally occurring and renewable carbon material, becomes porous through activation. Activated biochar is an ideal candidate for use as an adsorbent. The objective of this study is to investigate whether activated biochar derived from Colorado soft pine serves as a better adsorbent and demonstrates enhanced adsorption capabilities after undergoing secondary physical activation at various activation times. The effect of secondary action time on physical adsorption properties drawn from the analysis of isotherm plots, surface areas and pore size patterns were examined by using a physisorption analyzer. Chemical structures were identified using both ultimate and proximate analyses, while porosity …


Domination On Bipolar Fuzzy Graph Operations: Principles, Proofs, And Examples, Haifa Ahmed, Mohammed Alsharafi May 2024

Domination On Bipolar Fuzzy Graph Operations: Principles, Proofs, And Examples, Haifa Ahmed, Mohammed Alsharafi

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

Bipolar fuzzy graphs, capable of capturing situations with both positive and negative memberships, have found diverse applications in various disciplines, including decision-making, computer science, and social network analysis. This study investigates the domain of domination and global domination numbers within bipolar fuzzy graphs, owing to their relevance in these aforementioned practical fields. In this study, we introduce certain operations on bipolar fuzzy graphs, such as intersection, join, and union of two graphs. Furthermore, we analyze the domination number and the global domination number for various operations on bipolar fuzzy graphs, including intersection, join, and union of fuzzy graphs and their …


Fixed Point Results In Complex Valued Neutrosophic B-Metric Spaces With Application, M. Pandiselvi, M. Jeyaraman May 2024

Fixed Point Results In Complex Valued Neutrosophic B-Metric Spaces With Application, M. Pandiselvi, M. Jeyaraman

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

In this manuscript, we introduce the idea of complex-valued Neutrosophic b-metric spaces along with numerous significant illustrations. We provide fixed-point results for contraction maps. To support the main result, we establish the existence and uniqueness of solutions for nonlinear integral equations after the work.


On Heptagonal Neutrosophic Semi-Open Sets In Heptagonal Neutrosophic Topological Spaces: Testing Proofs By Examples, Subasree R, Basarikodi K May 2024

On Heptagonal Neutrosophic Semi-Open Sets In Heptagonal Neutrosophic Topological Spaces: Testing Proofs By Examples, Subasree R, Basarikodi K

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

In terms of heptagonal neutrosophic topological spaces, the purpose of this paper is to present the idea of heptagonal neutrosophic semi-open sets. Additionally, we examine a few of its characterizations and heptagonal neutrosophic semi-interior and heptagonal neutrosophic semi-closure operators.


Software Reliability Model Estimation For An Indeterministic Crime Cluster Through Reinforcement Learning, Dileep Kumar Kadali, R.N.V. Jagan Mohan, M. Chandra Naik May 2024

Software Reliability Model Estimation For An Indeterministic Crime Cluster Through Reinforcement Learning, Dileep Kumar Kadali, R.N.V. Jagan Mohan, M. Chandra Naik

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

The software reliability model estimates the probability of data failure in a specific environment, significantly impacting reliability and trustworthiness. The paper study focuses on cluster crime data, i.e., indeterministic in Neutrosophic Logic, using a software reliability model. The study utilizes reinforcement learning, Neutrosophic logic, and non-homogeneous Poisson process crime data to estimate indeterministic cluster data in crime. The "Non-homogeneous Poisson Process with Neutrosophic Logic" technique performs well in evaluating and deterring crime based on crime data analysis. The crime cluster involving offenders correctly classified as failure to accomplish does better than uncertain cluster reliability estimation with least squares and logistic …


Engineering Education In The Age Of Ai: Analysis Of The Impact Of Chatbots On Learning In Engineering, Flor A. Bravo, Juan M. Cruz Bohorquez May 2024

Engineering Education In The Age Of Ai: Analysis Of The Impact Of Chatbots On Learning In Engineering, Flor A. Bravo, Juan M. Cruz Bohorquez

Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering Departmental Research

The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence of using AI chatbots on learning within the context of engineering education. We framed this study on the principles of how learning works in order to describe the contributions and challenges of AI chatbots in five categories: (1) facilitating the acquisition, completion, or activation of prior knowledge and helping organize knowledge and making connections; (2) enhancing student motivation to learn; (3) fostering self-directed learning and the acquisition, practice, and application of the skills and knowledge they acquire; (4) supporting goal-directed practice and feedback; and (5) addressing student diversity and creating …


Star-Based Reachability Analysis Of Binary Neural Networks On Continuous Input, Mykhailo Ivashchenko May 2024

Star-Based Reachability Analysis Of Binary Neural Networks On Continuous Input, Mykhailo Ivashchenko

School of Computing: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have become a popular instrument for solving various real-world problems. DNNs’ sophisticated structure allows them to learn complex representations and features. However, architecture specifics and floating-point number usage result in increased computational operations complexity. For this reason, a more lightweight type of neural networks is widely used when it comes to edge devices, such as microcomputers or microcontrollers – Binary Neural Networks (BNNs). Like other DNNs, BNNs are vulnerable to adversarial attacks; even a small perturbation to the input set may lead to an errant output. Unfortunately, only a few approaches have been proposed for verifying …


Domination On Bipolar Fuzzy Graph Operations: Principles, Proofs, And Examples, Haifa Ahmed, Mohammed Alsharafi May 2024

Domination On Bipolar Fuzzy Graph Operations: Principles, Proofs, And Examples, Haifa Ahmed, Mohammed Alsharafi

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

Bipolar fuzzy graphs, capable of capturing situations with both positive and negative memberships, have found diverse applications in various disciplines, including decision-making, computer science, and social network analysis. This study investigates the domain of domination and global domination numbers within bipolar fuzzy graphs, owing to their relevance in these aforementioned practical fields. In this study, we introduce certain operations on bipolar fuzzy graphs, such as intersection, join, and union of two graphs. Furthermore, we analyze the domination number and the global domination number for various operations on bipolar fuzzy graphs, including intersection, join, and union of fuzzy graphs and their …


Near-Collapse Of The Geomagnetic Field May Have Contributed To Atmospheric Oxygenation And Animal Radiation In The Ediacaran Period, Wentao Huang, John A. Tarduno, Tinghong Zhou, Mauricio Ibañez-Mejia, Laércio Dal Olmo-Barbosa, Edinei Koester, Eric G. Blackman, Aleksey V. Smirnov, Gabriel Ahrendt, Rory D. Cottrell, Kenneth P. Kodama, Richard K. Bono, David G. Sibeck, Yong Xiang Li, Francis Nimmo, Shuhai Xiao, Michael K. Watkeys May 2024

Near-Collapse Of The Geomagnetic Field May Have Contributed To Atmospheric Oxygenation And Animal Radiation In The Ediacaran Period, Wentao Huang, John A. Tarduno, Tinghong Zhou, Mauricio Ibañez-Mejia, Laércio Dal Olmo-Barbosa, Edinei Koester, Eric G. Blackman, Aleksey V. Smirnov, Gabriel Ahrendt, Rory D. Cottrell, Kenneth P. Kodama, Richard K. Bono, David G. Sibeck, Yong Xiang Li, Francis Nimmo, Shuhai Xiao, Michael K. Watkeys

Michigan Tech Publications

Earth’s magnetic field was in a highly unusual state when macroscopic animals of the Ediacara Fauna diversified and thrived. Any connection between these events is tantalizing but unclear. Here, we present single crystal paleointensity data from 2054 and 591 Ma pyroxenites and gabbros that define a dramatic intensity decline, from a strong Proterozoic field like that of today, to an Ediacaran value 30 times weaker. The latter is the weakest time-averaged value known to date and together with other robust paleointensity estimates indicate that Ediacaran ultra-low field strengths lasted for at least 26 million years. This interval of ultra-weak magnetic …


Signal Processing Algorithms For Doppler Lidar Sensors, Samantha Grubb May 2024

Signal Processing Algorithms For Doppler Lidar Sensors, Samantha Grubb

Physics and Astronomy Honors Papers

Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is a remote sensing technology that obtains relative distance and velocity measurements between a sensor and a defined target by using light transmitted and received from the target. FMCW Doppler LiDAR, a particular variant of LiDAR, functions by analyzing the frequency shift in the reflected light to determine the target's range and velocity. This technology plays a crucial role across various sectors including defense, aerospace, and automotive. This paper presents signal processing algorithms designed to optimize data obtained from Doppler LiDAR sensors. By applying various window functions to time domain data, the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) …


Fixed Point Results In Complex Valued Neutrosophic B-Metric Spaces With Application, M. Pandiselvi, M. Jeyaraman May 2024

Fixed Point Results In Complex Valued Neutrosophic B-Metric Spaces With Application, M. Pandiselvi, M. Jeyaraman

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

In this manuscript, we introduce the idea of complex-valued Neutrosophic b-metric spaces along with numerous significant illustrations. We provide fixed-point results for contraction maps. To support the main result, we establish the existence and uniqueness of solutions for nonlinear integral equations after the work.


Software Reliability Model Estimation For An Indeterministic Crime Cluster Through Reinforcement Learning, Dileep Kumar Kadali, R.N.V. Jagan Mohan, M. Chandra Naik May 2024

Software Reliability Model Estimation For An Indeterministic Crime Cluster Through Reinforcement Learning, Dileep Kumar Kadali, R.N.V. Jagan Mohan, M. Chandra Naik

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

The software reliability model estimates the probability of data failure in a specific environment, significantly impacting reliability and trustworthiness. The paper study focuses on cluster crime data, i.e., indeterministic in Neutrosophic Logic, using a software reliability model. The study utilizes reinforcement learning, Neutrosophic logic, and non-homogeneous Poisson process crime data to estimate indeterministic cluster data in crime. The "Non-homogeneous Poisson Process with Neutrosophic Logic" technique performs well in evaluating and deterring crime based on crime data analysis. The crime cluster involving offenders correctly classified as failure to accomplish does better than uncertain cluster reliability estimation with least squares and logistic …


On Heptagonal Neutrosophic Semi-Open Sets In Heptagonal Neutrosophic Topological Spaces: Testing Proofs By Examples, Subasree R, Basarikodi K May 2024

On Heptagonal Neutrosophic Semi-Open Sets In Heptagonal Neutrosophic Topological Spaces: Testing Proofs By Examples, Subasree R, Basarikodi K

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

In terms of heptagonal neutrosophic topological spaces, the purpose of this paper is to present the idea of heptagonal neutrosophic semi-open sets. Additionally, we examine a few of its characterizations and heptagonal neutrosophic semi-interior and heptagonal neutrosophic semi-closure operators.


Side Channel Detection Of Pc Rootkits Using Nonlinear Phase Space, Rebecca Clark May 2024

Side Channel Detection Of Pc Rootkits Using Nonlinear Phase Space, Rebecca Clark

Poster Presentations

Cyberattacks are increasing in size and scope yearly, and the most effective and common means of attack is through malicious software executed on target devices of interest. Malware threats vary widely in terms of behavior and impact and, thus, effective methods of detection are constantly being sought from the academic research community to offset both volume and complexity. Rootkits are malware that represent a highly feared threat because they can change operating system integrity and alter otherwise normally functioning software. Although normal methods of detection that are based on signatures of known malware code are the standard line of defense, …


Machine Learning And Geostatistical Approaches For Discovery Of Weather And Climate Events Related To El Niño Phenomena, Sachi Perera May 2024

Machine Learning And Geostatistical Approaches For Discovery Of Weather And Climate Events Related To El Niño Phenomena, Sachi Perera

Computational and Data Sciences (PhD) Dissertations

El Nino and La Nina are worldwide environmental phenomena brought about by repetitive changes in the water temperature of the Pacific Ocean. Even though the El-Nino impact focuses on a smaller area in the Pacific Ocean near the Equator, these developments have global repercussions, where temperature and precipitation are influenced across the globe, causing droughts and floods simultaneously. In this dissertation, we first derived a drought vulnerability index for the Nile basin, identifying regions with high and low drought risk under ENSO conditions. Next, we evaluated the coherence and periodicity of the ENSO signal to detect its implications on MENA …


A Comprehensive Investigation Of The Influence Of Geometric Structure On The Shape Memory Performance Of Nafion, Jade Thomas May 2024

A Comprehensive Investigation Of The Influence Of Geometric Structure On The Shape Memory Performance Of Nafion, Jade Thomas

Physics Undergraduate Honors Theses

While perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes have primarily been used in fuel cells due to their chemical, thermal, and mechanical stability, one PFSA, Nafion, boasts two unique characteristics: a broad glass transition (~55 °C to 130 °C) and a temperature-persistent electrostatic network. The combination of these two characteristics endows Nafion with exceptional shape memory properties – the ability of a material to morph and transform into pre-programmed shapes when exposed to an external stimulus – with enhanced permanent shape memorization, and a potentially near-infinite number of temporary shape memorization. This study focused on expanding the base of knowledge surrounding Nafion’s shape …