Engineering Commons^™

Luminescent Coupling In Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells: The Advantages Of Perovskite And Luminescent Coupling In Photovoltaics, Briana Dokken

Senior Seminars and Capstones

Multijunction or tandem solar cells are made of multiple semiconductor light absorbing layers. Having multiple absorber layers in a solar cell allows it to absorb a larger range of the solar spectrum. When electrons recombine (relax to a lower energy state) in the top layer of a tandem solar cell, they can emit luminescent photons that are absorbed by the bottom layer of the cell. This process is called luminescent coupling, and it can be used to enhance the performance of photovoltaic cells. Another strategy to increase solar cell performance is to use perovskite as the absorber layer material. Currently, …

Forgotten Topological Index And Its Properties On Neutrosophic Graphs, G. Vetrivel, M. Mullai, R. Buvaneshwari

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

Topological indices play a significant role in crisp, fuzzy graphs and their real-life application. But to avoid the vagueness in the final result, these indices should be dealt with in the neutrosophic environment since it consolidates the uncertain quantity or values of an event in the name of "indeterminacy membership". Except for the wiener index, no other indices are introduced under the neutrosophic graphical setting. In this article, we consider the forgotten topological index (ToI) and the Edge forgotten index in the 3-valued logic neutrosophic graph and came up with some important theorem results and applications.

Neutrosophic Model For Measuring And Evaluating The Role Of Digital Transformation In Improving Sustainable Performance Using The Balanced Scorecard In Egyptian Universities, A. A. Salama, Osama Mohamed Mobarez, Mohamed Hamed Elfar, Rafif Alhabib

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

This paper proposes a neutrosophic model for measuring and evaluating the role of digital transformation in improving sustainable performance using the balanced scorecard in Egyptian universities. The model takes into account uncertainty, ambiguity, and incompleteness in the data. The model first calculates the neutrosophic measures of digital transformation and sustainable performance for each university. Then, it uses neutrosophic logic to evaluate the causal relationship between digital transformation and sustainable performance. The results of the analysis can used to identify the digital transformation indicators that have the greatest impact on sustainable performance. This information can then be used to develop strategies …

Some Operations On Neutrosophic Hypersoft Matrices And Their Applications, Jayasudha J, Raghavi S

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

This paper aims to extend the concept of Neutrosophic Hypersoft Matrix (NHSM) theory. NHSM is the matrix representation of a Neutrosophic Hypersoft Set (NHSS), where NHSS is the combination of a Neutrosophic set and a Hypersoft set. An NHSS can be stored in computer memory using the matrix notion, which is very useful and applicable. Based on NHSM, we provide some new notions (operations) such as NHS-sub-matrix, Equal NHSM, Null NHSM, Universal NHSM, Complement NHSM, NH-choice matrix (NHCM), product of NHCM and combined NHCM along with examples and characterizations. Additionally, we develop an NHSM algorithm using a value matrix, grace …

Climate Change Prediction Model Using Mcdm Technique Based On Neutrosophic Soft Functions With Aggregate Operators, Kainat Muniba, Muhammad Naveed Jafar, Asma Riffat, Jawaria Mukhtar, Adeel Saleem

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

The increasing impact of climate change necessitates innovative approaches in modeling and prediction to mitigate its adverse effects. This paper introduces a novel methodology integrating Neutrosophic Soft Functions (NSFs) into climate change prediction frameworks. NSFs, a hybrid of Neutrosophic Set Theory and Soft Set Theory, provide a flexible framework for handling uncertain and imprecise information inherent in climate data. This study explores the application of NSFs in capturing the complex interplay of various climatic variables, including temperature, precipitation, humidity, and atmospheric pressure, thereby enhancing the accuracy and reliability of climate change predictions. By incorporating NSFs into existing predictive models, such …

Exploring The Potential Of Neutrosophic Topological Spaces In Computer Science, A. A. Salama, Huda E. Khalid, Ahmed K. Essa, Ahmed G. Mabrouk

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

Neutrosophic topological spaces (NTS) offer a novel framework for uncertainty modeling by incorporating degrees of truth, indeterminacy, and falsity. This paper investigates the potential applications of NTS in computer science. We provide background on neutrosophic sets and their extension to topological spaces. We then explore how NTS could be used for uncertainty modeling in data analysis (e.g., handling noisy data in sensor networks), pattern recognition (e.g., improving image classification with imprecise features), and information retrieval (e.g., enhancing search results by considering relevance uncertainty). We discuss the challenges associated with applying NTS and highlight promising areas for future research, such as …

Self-Replication Via Tile Self-Assembly, Andrew Alseth, Daniel Hader, Matthew J. Patitz

Computer Science and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

In this paper we present a model containing modifications to the Signal-passing Tile Assembly Model (STAM), a tile-based self-assembly model whose tiles are capable of activating and deactivating glues based on the binding of other glues. These modifications consist of an extension to 3D, the ability of tiles to form “flexible” bonds that allow bound tiles to rotate relative to each other, and allowing tiles of multiple shapes within the same system. We call this new model the STAM*, and we present a series of constructions within it that are capable of self-replicating behavior. Namely, the input seed assemblies to …

Further Evaluations Of A Didactic Cpu Visual Simulator (Cpuvsim), Renato Cortinovis, Tamer Mohamed Abdellatif, Devender Goyal, Luiz Fernando Capretz

Electrical and Computer Engineering Publications

This paper discusses further evaluations of the educational effectiveness of an existing CPU visual simulator (CPUVSIM). The CPUVSIM, as an Open Educational Resource, has been iteratively improved over a number of years following an Open Pedagogy approach, and was designed to enhance novices’ understanding of computer operation and mapping from high-level code to assembly language. The literature reports previous evaluations of the simulator, at K12 and undergraduate level, conducted from the perspectives of both developers and students, albeit with a limited sample size and primarily through qualitative methods. This paper describes additional evaluation activities designed to provide a more comprehensive …

Neutrosophic Model For Measuring And Evaluating The Role Of Digital Transformation In Improving Sustainable Performance Using The Balanced Scorecard In Egyptian Universities, A. A. Salama, Osama Mohamed Mobarez, Mohamed Hamed Elfar, Rafif Alhabib

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

This paper proposes a neutrosophic model for measuring and evaluating the role of digital transformation in improving sustainable performance using the balanced scorecard in Egyptian universities. The model takes into account uncertainty, ambiguity, and incompleteness in the data. The model first calculates the neutrosophic measures of digital transformation and sustainable performance for each university. Then, it uses neutrosophic logic to evaluate the causal relationship between digital transformation and sustainable performance. The results of the analysis can used to identify the digital transformation indicators that have the greatest impact on sustainable performance. This information can then be used to develop strategies …

Asphalt-Binder Mixtures Evaluated By T1 Nmr Relaxometry, Rebecca M. Herndon, Jay Balasubramanian, Magdy Abdelrahman, Klaus Woelk

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Asphalt pavements make up a majority of the essential transportation systems in the US. Asphalt mixtures age and degrade over time, reducing the pavement performance. Pavement performance critically depends on the aging of asphalt binder. The aging of asphalt binder during construction is traditionally modeled by rolling thin film oven (RTFO) testing, while aging during service life is modeled by pressure aging vessel (PAV) testing. Comparing these models to the aging of binders in actual pavements is limited because, to be used for current testing, binders must be separated from the pavement's aggregate by solvent extraction. Solvent extraction will, at …

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (Nmr) Assessment Of Bio And Crude Oil-Based Rejuvenation, Rebecca M. Herndon, Jay Balasubramanian, Magdy Abdelrahman, Klaus Woelk

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Asphalt binders in pavements lose their stability through aging and eventually fail in the field. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to monitor the primary longitudinal relaxation time of asphalt samples and the ratio of material that carries this primary relaxation time has been shown to indicate the impact of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the aging of asphalt pavements. Longitudinal NMR relaxation was used to investigate two types of proposed asphalt rejuvenators, a bio-oil-based rejuvenator and a crude-oil-based rejuvenator. Two different binders with the performance grades (PG) 64-22 and 76-22 were considered for their interactions with the rejuvenators. After 72 h …

Asphalt-Binder Mixtures Evaluated By T1 Nmr Relaxometry, Rebecca M. Herndon, Jay Balasubramanian, Magdy Abdelrahman, Klaus Woelk

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Asphalt pavements make up a majority of the essential transportation systems in the US. Asphalt mixtures age and degrade over time, reducing the pavement performance. Pavement performance critically depends on the aging of asphalt binder. the aging of asphalt binder during construction is traditionally modeled by rolling thin film oven (RTFO) testing, while aging during service life is modeled by pressure aging vessel (PAV) testing. Comparing these models to the aging of binders in actual pavements is limited because, to be used for current testing, binders must be separated from the pavement's aggregate by solvent extraction. Solvent extraction will, at …

Investigation Of Temperature, Solution Strength, And Applied Stress Effects On Cation Exchange Processes In Different Geosynthetic Clay Liner Products, Kendra Fuller

Master's Theses

An extensive laboratory test program was conducted to analyze and compare the cation exchange processes in three different varieties of sodium bentonite (Na-B) geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) over increased conditioning durations up to 32 days and investigate the effects of temperature, solution strength, and applied stress. The goal of this test program was to establish whether the variables of temperature, solution strength, and applied stress improved or degraded the engineering properties of GCLs in laboratory testing and municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill applications. The GCLs were conditioned in liquids of increasing ionic strength, using deionized water and 2, 50, and …

Electromagnetic Theory And Applications, 2nd Edition, Nicholas Madamopoulos, George Kliros

Open Educational Resources

This book intends to provide both the fundamentals of Electromagnetics but also some practical applications of the concepts covered. Having taught electromagnetics for several years, the authors feel that many times the field of electromagnetics comes as “old” and often times students do not appreciate the concepts and their importance in everyday applications. The authors intend to accompany the EM concepts with life applications. Hence, students may see the direct impact of the knowledge they acquire through the study of the field of electromagnetics and better appreciate the field.

Generation And Implementation Of Mixed Radiation From Laser Interactions On A Liquid Target, Benjamin M. Knight

Theses and Dissertations

The simultaneous generation of different forms of radiation from the same source is highly desirable but technically challenging. We present the generation of D-D fusion neutrons and >MeV-energy x-rays from extreme intensity (∼ 10¹⁹ W/cm² ), high repetition-rate (1 kHz) laser pulses on a thin liquid target. Total neutron fluxes of ∼ 105 neutrons/s and x-ray exposure rates up to ∼ 200 R/hr at 74 cm are measured. Evidence of D-D fusion is verified with a measurement suite including three independent neutron detection systems: an EJ-309 organic scintillator, a ³He proportional counter, and a set of 36 …

Paper-Recorded Ecg Digitization Method With Automatic Reference Voltage Selection For Telemonitoring And Diagnosis, Liang Hung Wang, Chao Xin Xie, Tao Yang, Hong Xin Tan, Ming Hui Fan, I. Chun Kuo, Zne Jung Lee, Tsung Yi Chen, Pao Cheng Huang, Shih Lun Chen, Patricia Angela R. Abu

Department of Information Systems & Computer Science Faculty Publications

In electrocardiograms (ECGs), multiple forms of encryption and preservation formats create difficulties for data sharing and retrospective disease analysis. Additionally, photography and storage using mobile devices are convenient, but the images acquired contain different noise interferences. To address this problem, a suite of novel methodologies was proposed for converting paper-recorded ECGs into digital data. Firstly, this study ingeniously removed gridlines by utilizing the Hue Saturation Value (HSV) spatial properties of ECGs. Moreover, this study introduced an innovative adaptive local thresholding method with high robustness for foreground–background separation. Subsequently, an algorithm for the automatic recognition of calibration square waves was proposed …

Climate Change Prediction Model Using Mcdm Technique Based On Neutrosophic Soft Functions With Aggregate Operators, Kainat Muniba, Muhammad Naveed Jafar, Asma Riffat, Jawaria Mukhtar, Adeel Saleem

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

The increasing impact of climate change necessitates innovative approaches in modeling and prediction to mitigate its adverse effects. This paper introduces a novel methodology integrating Neutrosophic Soft Functions (NSFs) into climate change prediction frameworks. NSFs, a hybrid of Neutrosophic Set Theory and Soft Set Theory, provide a flexible framework for handling uncertain and imprecise information inherent in climate data. This study explores the application of NSFs in capturing the complex interplay of various climatic variables, including temperature, precipitation, humidity, and atmospheric pressure, thereby enhancing the accuracy and reliability of climate change predictions. By incorporating NSFs into existing predictive models, such …

Exploring The Potential Of Neutrosophic Topological Spaces In Computer Science, A. A. Salama, Huda E. Khalid, Ahmed K. Essa, Ahmed G. Mabrouk

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

Neutrosophic topological spaces (NTS) offer a novel framework for uncertainty modeling by incorporating degrees of truth, indeterminacy, and falsity. This paper investigates the potential applications of NTS in computer science. We provide background on neutrosophic sets and their extension to topological spaces. We then explore how NTS could be used for uncertainty modeling in data analysis (e.g., handling noisy data in sensor networks), pattern recognition (e.g., improving image classification with imprecise features), and information retrieval (e.g., enhancing search results by considering relevance uncertainty). We discuss the challenges associated with applying NTS and highlight promising areas for future research, such as …

Quantum Relaxation For Solving Multiple Knapsack Problems, Monit Sharma, Jin Yan, Hoong Chuin Lau, Rudy Raymond

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Combinatorial problems are a common challenge in business, requiring finding optimal solutions under specified constraints. While significant progress has been made with variational approaches such as QAOA, most problems addressed are unconstrained (such as Max-Cut). In this study, we investigate a hybrid quantum-classical method for constrained optimization problems, particularly those with knapsack constraints that occur frequently in financial and supply chain applications. Our proposed method relies firstly on relaxations to local quantum Hamiltonians, defined through commutative maps. Drawing inspiration from quantum random access code (QRAC) concepts, particularly Quantum Random Access Optimizer (QRAO), we explore QRAO's potential in solving large constrained …

Aligning Human And Computational Coherence Evaluations, Jia Peng Lim, Hady Wirawan Lauw

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Automated coherence metrics constitute an efficient and popular way to evaluate topic models. Previous work presents a mixed picture of their presumed correlation with human judgment. This work proposes a novel sampling approach to mining topic representations at a large scale while seeking to mitigate bias from sampling, enabling the investigation of widely used automated coherence metrics via large corpora. Additionally, this article proposes a novel user study design, an amalgamation of different proxy tasks, to derive a finer insight into the human decision-making processes. This design subsumes the purpose of simple rating and outlier-detection user studies. Similar to the …

Enhancing Multi-Agent System Testing With Diversity-Guided Exploration And Adaptive Critical State Exploitation, Xuyan Ma, Yawen Wang, Junjie Wang, Xiaofei Xie

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Multi-agent systems (MASs) have achieved remarkable success in multi-robot control, intelligent transportation, and multiplayer games, etc. Thorough testing for MAS is urgently needed to ensure its robustness in the face of constantly changing and unexpected scenarios. Existing methods mainly focus on single-agent system testing and cannot be directly applied to MAS testing due to the complexity of MAS. To our best knowledge, there are fewer studies on MAS testing. While several studies have focused on adversarial attacks on MASs, they primarily target failure detection from an attack perspective, i.e., discovering failure scenarios, while ignoring the diversity of scenarios. In this …

Bugs In Pods: Understanding Bugs In Container Runtime Systems, Jiongchi Yu, Xiaofei Xie, Ceng Zhang, Sen Chen

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Container Runtime Systems (CRSs), which form the foundational infrastructure of container clouds, are critically important due to their impact on the quality of container cloud implementations. However, a comprehensive understanding of the quality issues present in CRS implementations remains lacking. To bridge this gap, we conduct the first comprehensive empirical study of CRS bugs. Specifically, we gather 429 bugs from 8,271 commits across dominant CRS projects, including runc, gvisor, containerd, and cri-o. Through manual analysis, we develop taxonomies of CRS bug symptoms and root causes, comprising 16 and 13 categories, respectively. Furthermore, we evaluate the capability of popular testing approaches, …

Comparison Of Evolutionary Algorithms: A Case Study On The Multi-Objective Carbon-Aware Mine Planning, Nurul Asyikeen Binte Azhar, Aldy Gunawan, Shih-Fen Cheng, Erwin Leonardi

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

The NP-hard precedence-constrained production scheduling problem (PCPSP) for mine planning chooses the ordered removal of materials from the mine pit and the next processing steps based on resource, geological, and geometrical constraints. Traditionally, it prioritizes the net present value (NPV) of profits across the lifespan of the mine. Yet, the growing shift in environmental concerns also requires shifts to more carbon-aware practices. In this paper, we use the enhanced multi-objective version of the generic PCPSP formulation by adding the NPV of carbon costs as another objective. We then compare how the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) and the Pareto …

Two-Dimensional Quantum Material Identification Via Self-Attention And Soft-Labeling In Deep Learning, Xuan Bac Nguyen, Apoorva Bisht, Benjamin Thompson, Hugh O.H. Churchill, Khoa Luu, Samee U. Khan

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Detecting two-dimensional (2D) materials in silicon chips presents a significant challenge in the field of quantum machines due to the difficulty of data collection. Specifically, among thousands of flakes, not all flakes are useful or well-annotated, resulting in noisy and hard samples within the dataset, which challenges the deep neural network (DNN) to learn. To address this problem, we propose a novel method for identifying quantum 2D flakes even when there is a high rate of missing annotations in the input images. In particular, we first propose a new mechanism for automatically detecting false negative flakes that are missing annotations. …

Integrating Blockchain Technology Into The Software Development Life Cycle To Satisfy The Software Bill Of Materials Requirement For Government Software Systems, Walter T. Scott Ii

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis explores the integration of Blockchain Technology (BT) into the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) to satisfy the Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) requirement for government software systems. This study begins by synthesizing a standard SDLC definition from various government and industry references, which may provide the foundation for future efforts to standardize software development practices across the government software development community. This study proceeds to define working definitions for the software supply chain (SSC) and software supply chain management (SCM) before introducing and detailing the SBOM requirement as well as providing an overview of prior research regarding SBOMs …

Autonomous Experimentation For Accelerated Calibration Of Fused Deposition Modeling 3d Printers, Graig S. Ganitano

Theses and Dissertations

Additive Manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, has emerged as a key component of Industry 4.0, enabling reduced cost, quick production, greater sustainability, and increased design complexity compared to its traditional manufacturing counterpart. Currently, Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology dominates the AM market with respect to the number of 3D printers in use. However, the FDM process is sensitive to changes in system configuration, especially the feedstock material. Utilizing a new feedstock requires a time-consuming trial-and-error process to identify optimal settings for a large number of process parameters, acting as a barrier to the technology.

To enable greater accessibility …

Machine Visual Perception For Autonomous Docking Maneuvers, Derek B. Worth

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation presents a novel approach to autonomous docking using machine learning for visual perception, particularly during probe and drogue aerial refueling. Autonomous vehicles have become pervasive in both civilian and defense sectors, and their ability to interact with their surroundings and each other autonomously is critical for future operations. Traditional methods relying on signals or inertial sensors face significant limitations such as interference, jamming, and drift. This research focuses on developing a computer vision-based solution to overcome these limitations. A novel pipeline, termed relative vectoring, is introduced, which utilizes dual object detection and machine learning to estimate relative positions …

Forgotten Topological Index And Its Properties On Neutrosophic Graphs, G. Vetrivel, M. Mullai, R. Buvaneshwari

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

Topological indices play a significant role in crisp, fuzzy graphs and their real-life application. But to avoid the vagueness in the final result, these indices should be dealt with in the neutrosophic environment since it consolidates the uncertain quantity or values of an event in the name of "indeterminacy membership". Except for the wiener index, no other indices are introduced under the neutrosophic graphical setting. In this article, we consider the forgotten topological index (ToI) and the Edge forgotten index in the 3-valued logic neutrosophic graph and came up with some important theorem results and applications.

Some Operations On Neutrosophic Hypersoft Matrices And Their Applications, Jayasudha J, Raghavi S

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

This paper aims to extend the concept of Neutrosophic Hypersoft Matrix (NHSM) theory. NHSM is the matrix representation of a Neutrosophic Hypersoft Set (NHSS), where NHSS is the combination of a Neutrosophic set and a Hypersoft set. An NHSS can be stored in computer memory using the matrix notion, which is very useful and applicable. Based on NHSM, we provide some new notions (operations) such as NHS-sub-matrix, Equal NHSM, Null NHSM, Universal NHSM, Complement NHSM, NH-choice matrix (NHCM), product of NHCM and combined NHCM along with examples and characterizations. Additionally, we develop an NHSM algorithm using a value matrix, grace …

A Micromagnetic Study Of Skyrmions In Thin-Film Multilayered Ferromagnetic Materials, Nicholas J. Dubicki

Dissertations

Magnetic skyrmions are topologically protected, localized, nanoscale spin textures in non-centrosymmetric thin ferromagnetic materials and heterostructures. At present they are of great interest to physicists for potential applications in information technology due to their particle-like properties and stability. In a system of multiple thin ferromagnetic layers, the stray field interaction was typically treated with various simplifications and approximations. It is shown that extensive analysis of the micromagnetic equations leads to an exact representation of the stray field interaction energy in the form of layer interaction kernels, a so-called 'finite thickness' representation. This formulation reveals the competition between perpendicular magnetic anisotropy …