Engineering Commons^™

Excavated Tanks (Farm Dams), Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Natural resources factsheets

Guidelines and information for planning, legal requirements, design, construction and management of excavated tanks for water storage on farm.

Excavated tanks (farm dams) provide effective water storage wherever surface water run-off can be harvested for livestock, crop spraying, irrigation and domestic use on rural properties.

Excavated tanks for rainfall storage are common in the southern agricultural areas of WA.

Well-designed and constructed dams are farm assets, safe and require little maintenance.

Poor design and construction can lead to poor water harvesting and storage, excessive costs, downstream erosion and risks to property and people.

DPIRD recommends that excavated tanks should be …

Roaded Catchments In Wa, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Natural resources factsheets

Roaded catchments are earthwork structures designed to increase the amount of run-off from the catchment above a receiving farm dam.

Roaded catchments are lined with clay and compacted to make a smooth surface that reduces infiltration and increases run-off. Roaded catchments should discharge into a silt trap and then into a dam (excavated earth tank). This combined structure should be fenced to exclude livestock.

The Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development recommends that roaded catchments are part of an integrated water and salinity management program.

The information in this page is only a guide – seek expert advice before …

Managing Subsurface Water In Wa, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Natural resources factsheets

The Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development (DPIRD) recommends that subsurface water management is part of an integrated water and salinity program. An integrated program can help to lower water tables and alleviate problems with waterlogging, rising salinity, and infrastructure damage.

Refining Chlorosulfonation Methods For The Synthesis Of A Perfluoroalkyl Arylsulfonimide (Pfsi) Monomer, Ainsley P. Foster, Benjamin Varney, Hua Mei

Science University Research Symposium (SURS)

Proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are sources of energy that are clean, quiet, and highly responsive to changes in power needs, making them promising for use in automobiles and other portable power devices. The electrolyte of a PEM cell–the layer responsible for conductivity–is a polymer membrane, commonly consisting of perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid (PFSA) polymers. Perfluoroalkyl arylsulfonimide (PFSI) polymers are expected to improve the efficiency of PEM fuel cells through optimal stability and proton conductivity. The trifluovinylether (TFVE) aryl perfluorosulfonamide monomer is a new PFSI monomer proposed to fulfill these benefits once polymerized. A six-step synthesis route was initially designed to …

Some Similarity Measures On Generalized Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Soft Expert Sets And Their Applications In Medical Diagnosis, Afshan Qayyum, Noreen Mushtaq, Tanzeela Shaheen, Wajid Ali, Florentin Smarandache

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

In recent years, the application of fuzzy sets has gained significant attraction in various fields, including medical diagnosis, due to their ability to manage uncertainties and imprecise information. This paper focuses on the comparative analysis of similarity measures within the realm of Generalized Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Soft Expert Sets (GIVIFSESs) and explores their application in the domain of medical diagnosis. Most of the important topics in fuzzy set theory are the similarity measures between the generalizations of fuzzy set theory. Similarity measures are a crucial tool which was used in data science. In this process, we measure how much the …

Global Empirical Model Of Sporadic-E Occurrence Rates, Eli V. Parsch, Anthony L. Franz, Eugene V. Dao, Dong L. Wu, Nimalan Swarnalingam, Cornelius C. J. H. Salinas, Daniel J. Emmons

Faculty Publications

Intense ionization enhancements in the Earth’s ionosphere, known as sporadic-E (E_s), can degrade and severely disrupt the propagation of radio signals. Although many previous studies have analyzed the characteristics and morphologies of sporadic-E, few efforts have attempted to model global E_s occurrence rates (ORs) at high time resolutions. This study develops a global empirical model of blanketing sporadic-E occurrence rates using a Karhunen–Loéve Expansion (KLE) of a global OR climatology built with Global Navigation Satellite System radio occultation (GNSS-RO) and ionosonde observations. Using an fbE ≥ threshold of 3 MHz, the model outputs a blanketing sporadic-E …

Size And Shape Dependence Of Hydrogen-Induced Phase Transformation And Sorption Hysteresis In Palladium Nanoparticles, Xingsheng Sun, Rong Jin

Chemical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

Phase transitions of metals in hydrogen (H) environments are critically import- ant for applications in energy storage, catalysis, and sensing. Nanostructured metallic particles can lead to faster charging and discharging kinetics, increased lifespan, and enhanced catalytic activities. However, establishing a direct causal link between nanoparticle structure and function remains challenging. In this work, we establish a computational framework to explore the atomic config- uration of a metal-hydrogen system when in equilibrium with a H environ- ment. This approach combines Diffusive Molecular Dynamics with an itera- tion strategy, aiming to minimize the system’s free energy and ensure uniform chemical potential across …

Characterization Of Aromatic Stationary Phases For Uses In High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Anastasia Davis

Honors Theses

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is an analytical chemist technique used to separate a sample into its components to characterize and study a specific molecule or compound. Traditionally, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography in different industries, such as the environmental and pharmaceutical fields, uses stationary phases that are already well characterized, such as the C18 stationary phase for separation. However, aromatic stationary phases have recently been produced, which have phenyl groups bonded to the interior surface of the column. Still, they have not been well characterized because of how modern they are. This project characterized several aromatic stationary phases (Biphenyl, pentafluorophenyl, and …

Lithicone-Protected Lithium Metal Anodes For Lithium Metal Batteries With Nickel-Rich Cathode Materials, Ridwan A. Ahmed, Kevin V. Carballo, Krishna P. Koirala, Qian Zhao, Peiyuan Gao, Ju-Myung Kim, Cassidy S. Anderson, Xiangbo Meng, Chongmin Wang, Ji-Guang Zhang, Wu Xu

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The high energy density advantage of lithium (Li) metal batteries (LMBs) makes them increasingly desirable; however, problems such as strong reactivity and dendrite growth of Li metal anode limit their practical uses. In this work, a novel Li-containing glycerol (LiGL) or lithicone protection layer on a 50 μm thick Li metal anode is employed for improving the performance of LMBs. This LiGL layer was accurately deposited via a molecular layer deposition (MLD) process at 150°C, using lithium tert-butoxide and glycerol as precursors. The as-formed LiGL coating layer is highly tunable in its thickness by simply adjusting MLD cycles and shows …

Safety-Centric Analysis Of Grounding Systems For Substations In Distribution Grids, Fazel Mohammadi, Mahmood Mirhashemi

Electrical & Computer Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

The safety of grounding systems for substations in distribution grids is paramount to ensuring operational reliability, protecting personnel and equipment, and maintaining the stability of distribution grids while complying with regulatory standards. This paper explores essential safety aspects of grounding systems, including fault current handling strategies, the interdependence between protective devices and grounding systems, and maintenance practices. The integration of grounding systems design with overall substation layout and design considerations by focusing on mitigating Ground Potential Rise (GPR) and optimizing bonding techniques, is examined. Additionally, advanced techniques, such as high-frequency grounding and Transient Ground Potential Rise (TGPR) management, are presented …

Neutrosophic Logic-Based Crop Yield Prediction And Risk Assessment Using Least Squares Regression, M. Srikanth, R.N.V. Jagan Mohan, M. Chandra Naik

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

Agriculture faces significant challenges due to climate change and unpredictable environmental factors, which impact crop yields and threaten food security. This study proposes a novel approach to crop yield prediction and risk assessment using neutrosophic logic and least squares regression. By integrating these methods, we aim to improve accuracy in predicting crop losses under uncertain conditions. The model classifies crops based on profitability and environmental risks, utilizing the independence test to evaluate the relationships between crop attributes. Our approach leverages deep learning techniques, such as restricted Boltzmann machines (RBM), to enhance the analysis of crop data and provide farmers with …

Product Perspective From Fuzzy To Neutrosophic Graph Extension- A Review Of Literature, G. Vetrivel, M. Mullai, G. Rajchakit

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

This review article consolidates and tabulates research on the product operations done in fuzzy, intuitionistic fuzzy, and neutrosophic graphs. This article encompasses the previous product discussions on fuzzy graphs and their extensions. This article aims to list the origin, structural properties, applications, etc. done by the researchers and academicians using the product behavior of two graphs on the fuzzified environment. This review provides a clear understanding of enhancements of product approach on graphs from fuzzy to neutrosophic kind.

Irl For Restless Multi-Armed Bandits With Applications In Maternal And Child Health, Gauri Jain, Pradeep Varakantham, Haifeng Xu, Aparna Taneja, Prashant Doshi, Milind Tambe

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Public health practitioners often have the goal of monitoring patients and maximizing patients’ time spent in “favorable” or healthy states while being constrained to using limited resources. Restless multi-armed bandits (RMAB) are an effective model to solve this problem as they are helpful to allocate limited resources among many agents under resource constraints, where patients behave differently depending on whether they are intervened on or not. However, RMABs assume the reward function is known. This is unrealistic in many public health settings because patients face unique challenges and it is impossible for a human to know who is most deserving …

Insulator-To-Metal Transition And Isotropic Gigantic Magnetoresistance In Layered Magnetic Semiconductors, Gokul Acharya, Bimal Neupane, Chia-Hsiu Hsu, Xian P. Yang, David Graf, Eun Sang Choi, Krishna Pandey, Md Rafique Un Nabi, Santosh Karki Chhetri, Rabindra Basnet, Sumaya Rahman, Jian Wang, Zhengxin Hu, Bo Da, Hugh O.H. Churchill, Guoqing Chang, M. Zahid Hasan, Yuanxi Wang, Jin Hu

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Magnetotransport, the response of electrical conduction to external magnetic field, acts as an important tool to reveal fundamental concepts behind exotic phenomena and plays a key role in enabling spintronic applications. Magnetotransport is generally sensitive to magnetic field orientations. In contrast, efficient and isotropic modulation of electronic transport, which is useful in technology applications such as omnidirectional sensing, is rarely seen, especially for pristine crystals. Here a strategy is proposed to realize extremely strong modulation of electron conduction by magnetic field which is independent of field direction. GdPS, a layered antiferromagnetic semiconductor with resistivity anisotropies, supports a field-driven insulator-to-metal transition …

An Overview Of Ancillary Services Provided By Vehicle-To-Grid Systems, Fazel Mohammadi, Mahmood Mirhashemi

Electrical & Computer Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) systems are emerging as a pivotal technology in modern power systems, offering a range of ancillary services that enhance the stability and reliability of power systems. This paper provides an overview of the key ancillary services provided by V2G systems, highlighting their role in grid modernization. Technical challenges, economic implications, and policy considerations associated with the deployment of V2G systems are explored to assess their potential impact on advancing a more resilient and sustainable energy infrastructure.

Bridging Human And Machine Intelligence: Reverse-Engineering Radiologist Intentions For Clinical Trust And Adoption, Akash Awasthi, Ngan Le, Zhigang Deng, Rishi Agrawal, Carol C. Hu, Hien Van Nguyen

Computer Science and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

In the rapidly evolving landscape of medical imaging, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with clinical expertise offers unprecedented opportunities to enhance diagnostic precision and accuracy. Yet, the "black box" nature of AI models often limits their integration into clinical practice, where transparency and interpretability are important. This paper presents a novel system leveraging the Large Multimodal Model (LMM) to bridge the gap between AI predictions and the cognitive processes of radiologists. This system consists of two core modules, Temporally Grounded Intention Detection (TGID) and Region Extraction (RE). The TGID module predicts the radiologist's intentions by analyzing eye gaze fixation …

Liquid Crystalline Collagen Assemblies As Substrates For Directed Alignment Of Human Schwann Cells, Homa Ghaiedi, Luis Carlos Pinzon-Herrera, Saja Alshafeay, Leonard Harris, Jorge Almodovar, Karthik Nayani

Chemical Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Collagen is a key component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and well-oriented domains of collagen are important for mimicking the local cell environment in vitro. While there has been significant attention directed towards the alignment of collagen, formation of large-scale oriented domains remains a key challenge. Type I collagen self-assembles to form liquid crystalline (LC) mesophases in acidic conditions at concentrations above 100 mg mL−1. The LC mesophase provides an efficient platform for large-scale alignment and patterning of collagen coated substrates. However, there still exist challenges related to solubilizing and processing of collagen at such high concentrations in order …

Noncontact Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy Of Synovial Fluid Samples For Rapid Identification Of Infections, Erin E. Drewke, Robert L. Brand, Caroline G. Geels, Hanna K. Jensen, Kevin Wong, Jarret D. Sanders, Narasimhan Rajaram

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Severe joint infections, such as septic arthritis, require rapid diagnostic testing of the synovial fluid aspirated from joints level so that a surgical team can be assembled quickly. We present a diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) system for noncontact determination of infection. Using a light-tight syringe holder and fiber optic probe, diffusely reflected light from 475 to 655 nm was acquired from 18 patient samples through the wall of a syringe in a noncontact and sterile manner. We determined the reflectance ratios at two different wavelengths—R ₄₉₀/R ₆₀₀ and R ₅₈₀/R ₆₀₀ and found statistically significant …

The Santa Clara, 2024-10-31, Santa Clara University

The Santa Clara

No abstract provided.

Treatment Methods Of Unstable Expansive Soil Slope Excavation In Overlying Rock Layer In Alpine Region, Shi Xiaobo, Cui Guangyan, Mou Chao, Wen Ye, Xie Feng, Fu Xiaoyang

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

To deeply study the treatment method for instability of highway cutting slope under the condition of expansive soil overlying rock layer in an alpine region，the comprehensive treatment method of unstable slope under this bad geology was put forward based on the unstable slope project of Zhangbei‒Shangyi Expressway.The governance protection structure consisted of a rigid protection system，drainage system，thermal insulation system，flexible protection system，and waterproof system.The rigid protection system was an anti-slide pile setting at the height of 1/3 of the first grade slope，of which parameters were calculated by cutting the slope of the rock layer in the unstable area to reduce the …

Treatment And Measurement Of Water Inrush During Highway Tunnel Construction, Wang C Haojie, Feng Zhihua, Fan Haobo

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

As a special geological condition of highway tunnels，water inrush will cause difficulties in engineering construction technology and management.Unnecessary disputes and management difficulties will emerge when different construction units hold different views about the treatment measures of water inrush，which leads to distributed provisions in the specification and a long treatment period.In view of key problems about the water inrush during highway tunnel construction，including water inrush treatment concept，investigation and estimation，measurement and pricing，and on-site confirmation，this paper systematically sorted out the current regulations and other guiding documents and investigated the treatment methods of tunnel water inrush and reverse slope pumping in China ’s highway …

Review Of Evaluation Methods For Mixing Workability Of Asphalt Mixture, Dong Fuqiang, Zu Yuanzhe, Yu Xin, Chen Bei, Liu Lin

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

To clarify the evaluation methods an d research status of mixing workability of asphalt mixture， by consulting relevant research literature in China and abroad and analyzing different evaluation methods，indexes，and research findings of the workability of asphalt mixture，the applicability and evaluation effects of different workability evaluation methods were systematically summarized，and the comparative analysis and comprehensive review were made on the main influencing factors of the mixing workability.The results show that in most evaluation methods for the mixing workability of asphalt mixture，corresponding indexes are constructed to quantitatively evaluate the workability by quantifying the resistance or energy consumption in the mixing process.Besides，in some …

Research Review Of Biomass Ash As Concrete Admixture, Ma Bicong, Liang Jian, Weng Yiling

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

In order to provide a comprehensive overview of research progress in the use of biomass ash as concrete admixture，the physical and chemical properties，mechanism of action，factors affecting the production process of biomass ash，and the effects of biomass ash incorporation on the working properties，mechanical properties，and durability of concrete were studied.The results show that biomass ash has a smaller density and a larger specific surface area than traditional mineral admixture，and the total amount of active components，namely SiO2 + Al2O3 + Fe2O3 （SAF） in most biomass ashes exceeds the requirements of class F volcanic ash （≥70%）.Incorporating biomass ash can effectively improve the mechanical properties …

Compaction Characteristics Of Granular Material And Its Structural Mechanical Behavior Considering Orthotropy, Huang You, Zhang Yunbao, Liu Zhaohui, Pan Yu, Liu Zebin, Fang Ronghai

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

The orthotropy of granular materials is closely related to the compaction process and has a significant impact on the mechanical behavior of pavement structures.In this study，in order to study the effect of the compaction process on the orthotropy of granular materials，different compaction methods and compaction energies were employed to compact granular materials for pavement into specimens，and improved dynamic resilient mechanical tests were conducted.Orthotropic coefficients （α2） of typical granular materials were obtained，and the finite element method was used to conduct mechanical analysis of asphalt pavement structures considering the orthotropy of granular materials.The results show that the dry density of specimens by …

Effect Of Basalt Fiber On Strength Of Cement‑Stabilized Macadam Base, Shu Hongbo, Tang Zhengguang, Zhang Yanhong, Bu Xilian, Liang Dong

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

To study the performance of basalt fiber in improving the poor angularity of the crushed cobble base，based on the orthogonal test，this paper determined that the optimal dosage of basalt fiber in the cement-stabilized crushed cobble was 1 kg/m3 （15 mm） + 2 kg/m3 （25 mm）.Besides，unconfined compressive strength and splitting strength tests were carried out on mixtures under three working conditions including the cement-stabilized crushed cobble，cement-stabilized crushed cobble with the optimal dosage of basalt fiber，and cement-stabilized macadam （limestone machine-crushed stone ）.The results show that influenced by the aggregate angularity，the strength of the cement-stabilized macadam （limestone machine-crushed stone ） mixture is better …

Design And Simulation Of Anti‑Collision System On Independent Pile With External Composite, Liao Yuanyuan, Liu Yu, Zhu Lu, Fang Hai, Zhang Jinrui, Han Juan

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

The precise calculation of the ship-bridge collision force is necessary for the assessment of the structural safety of the bridge and the design of an effective anti-collision system.Taking the ship-bridge issue in Furong Bridge in Xiangtan City，this paper compared the collision forces from different angles and in different locations calculated through the finite element software Ansys/LS-DYNA with the results calculated through the empirical formula，thereby determining the fortification collision forces of the bridge piers.Based on the weak anti-collision ability of the bridge double-limb thin-walled pier，the paper designed and implemented a new anti-collision system combined with composite and concrete-filled steel independent piles.The …

Intelligent Recognition Technology Of Highway Cracks Based On Semantic Segmentation, Gao Liang, Rao Faqiang, Yang Zhongmin, Dai Zongsheng, Sun Hao

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

Real-time detection and timely treatment of highway cracks are crucially fundamental for vehicle safety.Rapid identification and comparison of cracks is a new method for monitoring the development and changes of geological disasters especially when they induce cracks.Therefore，this study proposed an intelligent recognition method of highway cracks based on semantic segmentation，establishing a model with dataset，neural network，calculation parameters，and evaluation indicators to rapidly identify the cracks.The results show that，firstly，when the neural network Attention U-net built in this study semantically segments highway cracks，the binary cross loss function value and accuracy rate reach 0.008 7 and 0.998 4，respectively.Secondly，compared with traditional algorithms，the semantic segmentation method shows …

Lessons Learned From 60 Years Of Pavement Trials In Continental Climate Regions Of Canada And Future Perspective, Wang Di, Li Jingxiao, Ren Xueyuan, Zhang Fan, Yuan Dongdong

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

During the early 1960 s，Canadian road authorities began using stiffer asphalt to address the issue of early rutting in the wheel track zone of asphalt pavements，which was caused by the growing traffic volumes.Pavements constructed with stiffer asphalt commonly exhibit evenly spaced transverse cracks due to the significant internal stresses caused by low temperatures and the inadequate resistance of the asphalt to cracking under such conditions.Research conducted on asphalt pavements with cracks caused by low temperatures has verified the significant impact of asphalt ’s consistency，temperature sensitivity，phase uniformity，and durability.In order to tackle the difficulties presented by the utilization of modified asphalt in …

Method Of Solving Initial Construction Cable Force Of Completed Cable‑Stayed Bridge, Xu Yufeng, Chen Si, Xie Yunfei, Zhu Mengyang

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

To solve the initial construction cable forces of a completed cable-stayed bridge，a method that combines unstressed cable length and forward-iteration is proposed.Firstly，the unstressed length of each cable is calculated according to the completed bridge state.Then，the initial cable forces are obtained by using the unstressed cable length for the forward analysis.The initial construction cable forces are adjusted by difference iteration.Finally，the initial construction cable forces are fine-tuned according to the deformation of the pylon deformation to obtain the bridge completion state that satisfies the deviation requirements.The proposed method is employed in a cable-stayed bridge with a known completion state to calculate the …

Experimental Study On Influence Of Stress Ratio On Fatigue Life Of High Strength Steel Wire, Zeng Yi, Yan Donghuang, Xu Hongsheng, Yang Ying

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

To clarify the influence of stress ratio on the fatigue life of high strength steel wire and verify the applicability of the fracture mechanics model to evaluate the fatigue life of steel wire，based on the assumption of equating wire corrosion pits to notches，fatigue tests were carried out on steel wire samples with different prefabricated notch depths at different stress ratios，and a fatigue life empirical equation considering the stress ratio effect was established.The results show that the fatigue life of the steel wire samples is significantly influenced by the stress ratio，which decreases with the increase in the stress ratio.The increase in …