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Articles 811 - 840 of 3305
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Simulation Platform For Source-Load Control Of Active Power Based On Modular Architecture, Hu Yang, Wenying Liu, Liping Zhu, Li Xiao, Weizhou Wang
Simulation Platform For Source-Load Control Of Active Power Based On Modular Architecture, Hu Yang, Wenying Liu, Liping Zhu, Li Xiao, Weizhou Wang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The integrated proportion of wind power is increasing year by year, and the source-load coordinated control of active power can effectively improve the level of wind power consumption. In order to ensure the effective application of the strategy, a simulation platform based on modular architecture is developed for source-load control of active power, including SQL Server database, timing control module of data interaction, calculation module of source-load control strategy, and output display module. The simulation platform solves the automatic control of data interaction timing in the process of source-load control, and visualizes the effect of the source-load control, so …
Network Traffic Anomaly Detection Method For Imbalanced Data, Shuqin Dong, Bin Zhang
Network Traffic Anomaly Detection Method For Imbalanced Data, Shuqin Dong, Bin Zhang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the poor detection performances caused by the low feature extraction accuracy of rare traffic attacks from scarce samples, a network traffic anomaly detection method for imbalanced data is proposed. A traffic anomaly detection model is designed, in which the traffic features in different feature spaces are learned by alternating activation functions, architectures, corrupted rates and dropout rates of stacked denoising autoencoder (SDA), and the low accuracy in extracting features of rare traffic attacks in a single space is solved. A batch normalization algorithm is designed, and the Adam algorithm is adopted to train parameters of …
Path Designing Of Multi-Omnidirectional Wheel Collaborative Sorting Platform, Li Qi, Wang Wei
Path Designing Of Multi-Omnidirectional Wheel Collaborative Sorting Platform, Li Qi, Wang Wei
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the problems of low efficiency, high labor cost and low flexibility of traditional logistics sorting system, an automatic logistics sorting system is designed. The improved A* algorithm and the artificial potential field method are used to realize the automatic path planning of the system by taking the transportation path as the research object. The A* algorithm is improved by adjusting the weights of actual cost and estimated cost, and the artificial potential field method is improved by adding virtual sub-target points and adjusting adaptive parameters, so as to complete the function of path planning of goods. Simulation …
Intelligent Genetic Algorithm For Workforce Scheduling Considering Service Level In It Maintenance Service, Ruiying Chen, Chengtao Wang, Zhenyuan Liu
Intelligent Genetic Algorithm For Workforce Scheduling Considering Service Level In It Maintenance Service, Ruiying Chen, Chengtao Wang, Zhenyuan Liu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at resolving the faults quickly and effectively with limited human resource,an IT maintenance service model with the consideration of service level is proposed, A knowledge model is proposed,a variety of mutation operators and crossover operators are designed. and the improved genetic algorithm (IGA), the intelligent genetic algorithm based on knowledge model (KIGA) and the adaptive intelligent genetic algorithm based on knowledge model (KAIGA) are formed. The results show that the adaptive mutation and crossover probability can accelerate the convergence speed of the solution, and the knowledge model can also improve the optimization effect of the solution
Preliminary Research On Verification And Validation For Cgf Behavioral Modeling, Jianbing Tang, Zhang Qi, Jiao Peng, Yabing Zha
Preliminary Research On Verification And Validation For Cgf Behavioral Modeling, Jianbing Tang, Zhang Qi, Jiao Peng, Yabing Zha
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Building computer generated force model is a very important job in combat simulation. Its core content is modeling of complicated human behavior, including cognition behavioral modeling and physical behavioral modeling. The credibility is vital for behavioral model. Verification and validation (V&V) in all life circle of behavioral modeling can insure the credibility of behavioral model. On the basis of explaining V&V of behavioral modeling and other conceptions, the process model of behavioral modeling is proposed. The V&V process of CGF behavioral modeling is studied emphasizly. Many effective V&V methods for CGF behavioral modeling are explored.
Sliding Mode Adaptive Synchronization Control Dual Master Dual Slave Teleoperation System, Lingyan Hu, Shiqiang Li, Fu Yun
Sliding Mode Adaptive Synchronization Control Dual Master Dual Slave Teleoperation System, Lingyan Hu, Shiqiang Li, Fu Yun
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the relative coordinated motion of the two-slave arms' end poses in the dual-master dual-slave teleoperation system, the influence on the coordinated positional relationship of the two slaves is analyzed when one of the master-slave controls is disturbed. A feasible synchronous position control method is propose which enables both the master-slave position error and the synchronization error of the dual master dual slave remote operating system to converge to zero during the coordinated motion When the master-slave arm moves along the desired trajectory, the coordination and synchronization of the movement between the two slave arms are ensured, and …
Simulation Of Adaptive Track Control Of Ship Bending In Inland River Curved Channel, Langxiong Gan, Changsheng Wu, Deng Wei, Yuanzhou Zheng, Chunhui Zhou
Simulation Of Adaptive Track Control Of Ship Bending In Inland River Curved Channel, Langxiong Gan, Changsheng Wu, Deng Wei, Yuanzhou Zheng, Chunhui Zhou
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In view of the complex flow characteristics and difficult maneuvering of ships in curved river section, combined with the characteristics of ship AIS trajectory and customary route, the intelligent track and heading control algorithm is adopted to realize the automatic control of ship's safe turning. Firstly, the research waters are selected and according to the rules of lane-dividing navigation, the ship's turning track is reasonably planned. Then the ship motion simulation software is constructed, and the self-adaptive fuzzy PID course controller is designed by combining the self-adaptive fuzzy control algorithm and traditional PID control, the simulation of …
Ar-Based Simulation Interaction And Human Factor Assessment For Human Robot Cooperation Assembly Planning, Wang Qiang, Xiumin Fan, Qichang He, Wenmin Zhu
Ar-Based Simulation Interaction And Human Factor Assessment For Human Robot Cooperation Assembly Planning, Wang Qiang, Xiumin Fan, Qichang He, Wenmin Zhu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To improve assembly efficiency, it has become a trend for traditional manual assembly workstations to be carried out human-robot collaboration transformation. To realize the safe and fast evaluation of the improvement scheme, a general human-robot collaboration simulation method and human factor evaluation method based on Augmented Reality are proposed. Four levels of human-robot collaboration assembly simulation are established. An interactive scheme between real human and virtual robot for visual detection, perception and feedback is established. A fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of human physiological and psychological indicators for workstation design is constructed. The prototype system is developed. Taking the assembly …
Refined Alignment Method For Single-Axis Rotary Inertial Navigation Based On Fuzzy Adaptive Filtering, Hu Jie, Xiaozhu Shi
Refined Alignment Method For Single-Axis Rotary Inertial Navigation Based On Fuzzy Adaptive Filtering, Hu Jie, Xiaozhu Shi
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to restrain the influence of saw tooth velocity error caused by the inertial measurement unit (IMU) rotation on the initial alignment accuracy of single-axis rotary strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS), a refined alignment method based on fuzzy adaptive Kalman filtering is proposed. After calculating the ratio of actual covariance to theoretical covariance of the innovation sequence, the method adaptively adjusts the measurement noise covariance matrix by using the fuzzy inference system (FIS), so that it can adapt to the changes of measurement noise caused by IMU rotation. The initial alignment validation experiments under the swing environment …
An Intelligent Method For Rapid Construction Of Time Sensitive Target Strike Chain, Jiabo Lu, Peixing Cheng, Huang Yi, Jinqiang Yao, Xuemeng Yang, Xinqiang Ma, Liu Yong
An Intelligent Method For Rapid Construction Of Time Sensitive Target Strike Chain, Jiabo Lu, Peixing Cheng, Huang Yi, Jinqiang Yao, Xuemeng Yang, Xinqiang Ma, Liu Yong
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to improve the construction efficiency of the time sensitive hit chain, optimize the resource allocation in combat, and realize an intelligent method for quickly constructing the time-sensitive strike chain, the simulated annealing algorithm and genetic algorithm are adopted to build a time sensitive hit chain. Simulation experiments show that the method can complete the time sensitive target strike priority sorting, sensor platform-target pairing and weapon platform-target pairing in a short time, and destroy the target within the target time window. The proposed method optimizes the application of sensors and weapons, compensates for the limitations of constructing time-sensitive …
Infrared Image Segmentation Of Aircraft Skin Based On Otsu And Improved I-Ching Divination Evolutionary Algorithm, Kun Wang, Ji Yao, Peilun Liu, Wang Li
Infrared Image Segmentation Of Aircraft Skin Based On Otsu And Improved I-Ching Divination Evolutionary Algorithm, Kun Wang, Ji Yao, Peilun Liu, Wang Li
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Infrared thermal imaging non-destructive testing is one of the commonly used methods for aircraft skin detection. Aiming at Otsu's large computational complexity and poor real-time performance, an aircraft skin infrared image segmentation method based on Otsu and an improved I-Ching divination evolutionary algorithm (IDEA) is proposed. The roulette selection operator is improved by using roulette selection for the I-Ching map of state size 3n, from which the n individuals with the maximum fitness values are then selected as new populations. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is superior to several other improved optimization algorithms both in terms …
Correction Method Of Action Parameters Of Panzer Virtual Force Tactical Confrontation, Gao Ang, Xiaolu Wang, Zhiming Dong, Guohui Zhang
Correction Method Of Action Parameters Of Panzer Virtual Force Tactical Confrontation, Gao Ang, Xiaolu Wang, Zhiming Dong, Guohui Zhang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the problem of unreasonable virtual force tactical confrontation action parameters in the simulation training of armored force equipment system, resulting in unsatisfactory training effects, the idea of estimating posterior probability with prior probability is adopted to correct the parameters. According to the OODA theory, the tactical confrontation movement of armored forces is decomposed and an index system of influencing factors is constructed; the parameter collection method is proposed to establish the Bayesian network correction model and to realize dynamic adjustment; the expected optimization algorithm and the principal component analysis method are used to process the training data …
Negative Influence Minimization Algorithm For Social Networks, Yang Yi, Chunxiao Wu, He Ming, Zhou Bo
Negative Influence Minimization Algorithm For Social Networks, Yang Yi, Chunxiao Wu, He Ming, Zhou Bo
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: While positive information is spreading in social networks, there is still a large amount of negative information spreading in the network. Aiming at the fact that there is few researches on suppressing the spread of negative information, a negative influence minimization algorithm for social networks is proposed. When negative information appears in social networks and some initial nodes are infected, the behavior of nodes propagating information depends on its coordination game with neighbor nodes. The objective function with minimal influence is used to find the K optimal blocking nodes, and finally the size of the final infected node is …
Overview Of Cgf-Oriented Cognitive Architecture, Xu Kai, Junjie Zeng, Weilong Yang, Qin Long, Quanjun Yin
Overview Of Cgf-Oriented Cognitive Architecture, Xu Kai, Junjie Zeng, Weilong Yang, Qin Long, Quanjun Yin
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to further formalize and boost standardized behavioral model development of Computer Generated Forces (CGF), the CGF-oriented cognitive architecture is reviewed and the implementation details of one of the CGF cognitive behaviors, i.e. plan recognition, upon standard cognitive architecture are designed. The results show that the well-designed architecture has a strong support for complex behavior modeling. Four specific suggestions, including requirement analysis, design implementation, theoretical principle and cooperation mechanism, for architecture design and complex behavior modeling are provided.
Behavior Modeling For Computer Generated Forces Based On Machine Learning, Zhang Qi, Junjie Zeng, Xu Kai, Qin Long, Quanjun Yin
Behavior Modeling For Computer Generated Forces Based On Machine Learning, Zhang Qi, Junjie Zeng, Xu Kai, Qin Long, Quanjun Yin
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: With the rapid development of Machine Learning, especially deep learning, it has become an important way of modeling Computer Generated Force (CGF) behavior by ML methods, which can overcome the challenges of traditional methods. The existing research and application of three typical learning methods in CGF behavior modeling are discussed, and the effects of introducing learning into different stages of the typical CGF applications are analyzed, and the function and performance requirements of CGF behavior modeling using machine learning are proposed. Four potential research directions in the field for future are proposed.
Research On Virtual Avatar Position And Orientation Technology For Augmented Reality Virtual Sandbox, Tiantian Yu, Xiaoping Wang, Weiqing Li, Zhiyong Su
Research On Virtual Avatar Position And Orientation Technology For Augmented Reality Virtual Sandbox, Tiantian Yu, Xiaoping Wang, Weiqing Li, Zhiyong Su
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: When using augmented reality (AR) virtual sandbox for multi-person collaborative command or discussion, the local operator needs to know the specific direction and location of the remote operator to avoid wrong direction, position conflict and to better communicate with the other. Aiming at this problem, a three-dimensional marker suitable for AR environment is designed, and a vision-based position and orientation algorithm is researched and implemented. The PnP algorithm is used to estimate the pose of the marker, and the area ratio method is used to calculate the azimuth. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve …
Flight Simulation Modeling Method Based On Improved Euler Angle Formula, Lishan Jia, Li Ang
Flight Simulation Modeling Method Based On Improved Euler Angle Formula, Lishan Jia, Li Ang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the singularity problem of common full flight motion equation, a modeling method based on improved Euler angle formula is proposed. On the basis of the modified small perturbation modeling equation, this method increases the influence of aircraft maneuvering surface on the aircraft Euler angle and a variable step solution algorithm is used. The model can overcome the singularity problem of common Euler equation, and the accuracy of model calculation is higher than other flight simulation models which overcome the singularity of Euler equation. Compared with the flight simulation model using the conventional Euler angle formula, the proposed …
Study On The Scattering Echo Signal Simulation Method Of Sea Scene For Wide-Band Phased Array Radar, Guijie Diao, Ni Hong, Yang Liang, Ningbo Gong, Guo Jiao
Study On The Scattering Echo Signal Simulation Method Of Sea Scene For Wide-Band Phased Array Radar, Guijie Diao, Ni Hong, Yang Liang, Ningbo Gong, Guo Jiao
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the problem of fast and accurate simulation of sea -scene scattering echo for wide-band phased array radar in radio frequency simulation, an efficient calculation method is proposed based on the time-domain approximation and frequency-domain transform. The frequency-domain transform method is used to calculate the scattering echo signal accurately, and the time-domain approximation method is used to calculate the echo signal of the large area of sea-clutter background. Then the scattering echo signal for wide-band phased array radar of the sea-scene is generated through vector summation. The simulation results validate this hybrid method. It shows that this hybrid …
Longitudinal Adaptive Control Of Autonomous Vehicles Base On Optimization Algorithm, Zhishuai Yin, Jiaxiong He, Linzhen Nie, Jiayi Guan
Longitudinal Adaptive Control Of Autonomous Vehicles Base On Optimization Algorithm, Zhishuai Yin, Jiaxiong He, Linzhen Nie, Jiayi Guan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the nonlinear, time-varying and uncertain characteristics of the longitudinal motion of autonomous vehicles, a Radial Basis Function neural network(RBFNN) Proportional Integral Derivative(PID) controller base on Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO) is designed. A RBFNN is integrated into a PID controller so that parameters of the PID controller could be adjusted self-adaptively. To solve the problem that poor selection of initial parameters of RBFNN and PID might lead to overshoot or instability in the control system, PSO is adopted to optimize aforementioned initial parameters off-line. Finally, a closed-loop adaptive control system model is built in MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results show that …
Visualization Of Tropical Cyclone Disaster Information Based On Cesium, Shuoben Bi, Yezhou Chen, Yucheng Gong, Mingyue Lu, Ruizhuang Xu
Visualization Of Tropical Cyclone Disaster Information Based On Cesium, Shuoben Bi, Yezhou Chen, Yucheng Gong, Mingyue Lu, Ruizhuang Xu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The disaster information of tropical cyclones not only expresses the intensity, but also reflects the degree of influence on human life, which has very important research significance. At present, no scholar has given a dynamic visualization method based on Cesium for water flooding disasters, nor has it integrated with other disaster information of tropical cyclones. In response to these problems, a dynamic visualization method for water inundation is proposed, and it is integrated with other disaster information such as the path of tropical cyclone and loss caused by it in the same digital earth platform. Experiments show that the …
Modulation Recognition Algorithm Based On Improved Lda And Autoencoders, Yecai Guo, Haoran Zhang
Modulation Recognition Algorithm Based On Improved Lda And Autoencoders, Yecai Guo, Haoran Zhang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The traditional modulation recognition algorithms are based on the Gaussian white noise channel, which significantly degrade recognition performance in complex channel conditions. Aiming at this problem, a modulation recognition algorithm based on A-ALDA (Anti-alias Linear Discriminant Analysis) and SSDAE (Stacked Sparse Denoising Autoencoders) is proposed. In this algorithm, A-ALDA algorithm reconstructs signal cumulants feature into new features, which has better separability. The combination of original features and new features is input into SSDAE for classification, and SSADE has the ability to extract key information and resist noise. Simulation results show that …
Modeling Of Adversarial Behavior On Road Network Based On Non-Cooperative Game, Xiangyu Wei, Zhang Qi
Modeling Of Adversarial Behavior On Road Network Based On Non-Cooperative Game, Xiangyu Wei, Zhang Qi
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The modeling of adversarial behavior is the key to the study of various military-like confrontation problems. Existing research mainly focus on the target domain, but in reality, many confrontation problems occur on the road network. Combined with the network flow representation of adversarial behavior, a network adversarial game modeling framework based on non-cooperative games is proposed, and a novel road network confrontation problem—network evasion interdiction game is given based on the framework. Simulation experiments show that the new double oracle algorithm performs better than the original linear solution algorithm. Data experiments based on real road networks further verify …
Simulation And Analysis For Gaussian Jitter Effects Of Geosynchronous Satellite, Yulun Li, Yang Wei, Jiayi Guo
Simulation And Analysis For Gaussian Jitter Effects Of Geosynchronous Satellite, Yulun Li, Yang Wei, Jiayi Guo
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Ultrahigh-spatial-resolution and high-temporal-revisit appear to be realizable for future space-borne imaging missions. By taking advantage of satellites on the geosynchronous orbit, the wide-area continuous monitoring capacity to ground target zones becomes possible. Focus on the imaging target displacement, it is necessary to study the platform jitter during the conceptual modeling phase. Discrete Event System Specification (DEVS) is employed to abstract the observation area as an event generator. The attitude stabilization is digitalized and both theoretical analysis and simulation experiments of Gaussian-excited signals are provided. Simulation results show that the distributions of attitude responses preserve the normality. The offset distance …
A Quantized State System Method With Adaptive Quantum, Zhihua Li, Dongjin Fu, Li Guang, Zhihua Fan
A Quantized State System Method With Adaptive Quantum, Zhihua Li, Dongjin Fu, Li Guang, Zhihua Fan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Quantized state system (QSS) is a new numerical integration method. It has advantages over the traditional time-discrete integration methods in solving general ordinary differential equation (ODE) systems. But it is hard to choose an appropriate quantum for the QSS method. In order to improve the accuracy and efficiency of QSS, a quantized state system method with adaptive quantum (VQSS) is proposed. Combined with the idea of step control in the variable step Runge-Kutta method, it can adaptively change the quantum in the process of computation. The feasibility of this algorithm is verified by the simulation of two examples …
Three-Dimensional Adaptive Neural Network Guidance Law Against Maneuvering Targets, Yujie Si, Xiong Hua, Zhe Li
Three-Dimensional Adaptive Neural Network Guidance Law Against Maneuvering Targets, Yujie Si, Xiong Hua, Zhe Li
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The problem of designing a three-dimensional nonlinear guidance law accounting for saturation nonlinearity is concentrated to attack maneuvering targets. To solve the physical constraints of missile actuators, an anti-disturbance and anti-saturation terminal sliding mode guidance law is provided based on radial basis functions neural networks and adaptive method. The guidance law is bounded and ensures that the system state is uniformly ultimately bounded. Compared with the traditional anti-saturation guidance law, it has the advantages of fast convergence speed and high precision. Numerical simulations are introduced to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the designed composite guidance law in theory.
Spatio-Temporal Memory Models In Spatial Cognitive Behavioral Modeling, Hu Yue, Xu Kai, Qin Long, Quanjun Yin, Yabing Zha
Spatio-Temporal Memory Models In Spatial Cognitive Behavioral Modeling, Hu Yue, Xu Kai, Qin Long, Quanjun Yin, Yabing Zha
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: It is crucial for military simulation systems to model the layouts of spatial environments and the temporal logic of entity activities. To improve the human-likeness of Computer Generated Forces (CGFs) and the runtime efficiency of the systems, building spatio-temporal memory representations and reasoning mechanisms that accord to mankind cognition is required. The neuro cognition science background of spatio-temporal memory is presented, and the related work on modeling the memory in deep learning and computational intelligence communities is summarized. Following the OODA (Observe-Orient-Decide-Act) loop, a general framework of spatial cognitive behavioral modeling is designed and the application of spatio-temporal memory …
Research On Cgf-Oriented Virtual Human Perceptual Attention Model, Weilong Yang, Xu Kai, Xie Xu, Sun Lin
Research On Cgf-Oriented Virtual Human Perceptual Attention Model, Weilong Yang, Xu Kai, Xie Xu, Sun Lin
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Perception model is an important research field of CGF behavior modeling. As the input of the reasoning module, the information obtained from the perception model has an important influence on the fidelity of the simulation. The CGF perception model is researched, and the attention mechanism, effective time of attention model is analyzed, compared with the traditional model of perception. By modeling the knowledge base and information feedback, a virtual human perception framework based on attention mechanism is proposed, and the experiment is carried out in the simulation environment.
Review On The Construction And Application Of Digital Twins In Transportation Scenes, Zhaohui Wu, Zhenzheng Liu, Shi Ke, Wang Liang, Xiaojie Liang
Review On The Construction And Application Of Digital Twins In Transportation Scenes, Zhaohui Wu, Zhenzheng Liu, Shi Ke, Wang Liang, Xiaojie Liang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Digital twins connect the physical world and the information world, and provide new ideas for the analysis and solution of complex traffic problems. The research and application status of digital twins in transportation scenes are reviewed on the basis of sorting out the basic concepts, development history and key technologies of digital twins. The key technologies for the construction of digital twins in transportation scenes that need to be breakthrough are analyzed from the four aspects of "people-vehicle-road-environment" combined with the characteristics of the elements of traffic operation. The prospect of digital twin transportation applications in the development of …
An Improved Firefly Algorithm And Its Application In Washout Optimization, Wang Hui, Xingshun Lü
An Improved Firefly Algorithm And Its Application In Washout Optimization, Wang Hui, Xingshun Lü
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To improve the accuracy of the firefly algorithm (FA) and solve the problem of fixed iteration step of the algorithm and easy to fall into local optimum, an improved firefly algorithm is proposed, i.e., EOFA. The EOFA algorithm combines the strong local search ability of extremal optimization algorithm with the strong search ability of firefly algorithm, and adopts the iterative step size of inverted s-type function to improve the optimization ability of the firefly algorithm. The simulation results of function optimization test shows that the improved EOFA algorithm has better optimization performance than firefly algorithm and particle swarm optimization …
An Intrusion Detection Algorithm Based On Ifoa And Welm, Jianwu Dang, Tan Ling
An Intrusion Detection Algorithm Based On Ifoa And Welm, Jianwu Dang, Tan Ling
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: An intrusion detection algorithm of WELM optimized by IFOA is proposed. The advantages of short training time and good generalization performance of WELM are used, and the weight of minority attacks is increased, so that the recall rate of minority attacks in network attacks is greatly improved.The FOA with adaptive adjustment of the iterative step size is used, so the input weights and bias of the hidden layer in the WELM are globally optimized to avoid the algorithm falling into local optimal solution and realize the classification of the NSL-KDD intrusion detection data set. The experimental results show …