Engineering Commons^™

Performance Study Of A Mems Low-Noise Sound Pressure Gradient Microphone Under An Ac Bias, Jonathan Michelson

Binghamton University Undergraduate Journal

An AC bias was introduced into microelectromechanical system (MEMS) low-noise sound pressure gradient microphone by Miles, Cui, Su and Hormentcovschi (2014), and its implications for the device's noise performance and directivity readings are discussed. The schematic involved demodulation of the microphone output with external circuitry, and subsequent computer software analysis of the microphone and circuitry outputs. Although insights into noise improvement were frustrated due to subpar noisy components used in the demodulation circuitry, the simultaneous measuring of the microphone's varying directivity patterns was shown to be achievable with this AC bias scheme.

Orgin Of Subgap Features In Transparent Amorphous Oxide Semiconductors, Zachary Lebens-Higgins, Anne Dailey, Louis Piper

Binghamton University Undergraduate Journal

Amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) is a transparent amorphous oxide semiconductor (TAOS) that has shown promise as transparent thin film transistors (TTFTs) in various display applications. Within a-IGZO films, states can form in the band gap that hinder TTFT performance. In order to elucidate the origin of these states, we examined the formation of the subgap states for a-IGZO thin films with various compositions. We observed a positive correlation between the subgap formation and the percentage of oxygen ruling out oxygen deficiencies as a factor in the formation of subgap states. Furthermore, metallic indium crystallites were observed to form …

The Economic Payoff Of Party Membership In China, Kevin Acker

Binghamton University Undergraduate Journal

Because political party membership could potentially confer large economic benefits, economists have increasingly turned their attention to the role of political and social status in one’s life. The Chinese Communist party is the biggest political party in the world, and members are often motivated to join for economic reasons. Previous studies examine the relationship between Communist party membership and earnings and find positive correlation but this correlation may be partly or totally spurious, thereby generating upwards-biased estimates of the importance of political party membership – political party membership is likely to be correlated with a variety of other variables, which …

Residue, Donovan Borger

Binghamton University Undergraduate Journal

Residue is a flash fiction piece, exploring loss, specifically the loss of the protagonist’s sons and his teeth. To write this piece, I read a large number of anthologized flash fiction pieces written by contemporary authors including David Foster Wallace, Lydia Davis, Tobias Wolff, and George Saunders with the intent of understanding and reproducing their takes on the flash fiction form while adding my own nuances. For purposes of characterization and setting, I also researched logging done on the land of what is now Algonquin Park in Ontario. My research and writing show that flash fiction functions most effectively when …

Morality Of A Carbon Tax: Transition To A Sustainable Economy, Timothy Lamendola

Binghamton University Undergraduate Journal

A carbon tax is needed to address the negative externalities caused by carbon emissions. Increased carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere have a direct and negative impact on net social benefit to current and future generations. Our current human population has a moral obligation to future generations and, therefore, is responsible for excess burning of fossil fuels. This essential carbon tax is needed to help wean humans off their fossil fuel reliance. One should not be concerned with the economic losses this could cause because an economy based off unlimited growth is unsustainable and must be altered. A new, sustainable …

Molecular Dyes Used For Surgical Specimen Margin Orientation Allow For Intraoperative Optical Assessment During Breast Conserving Surgery, David M. Mcclatchy, Venkataramanan Krishnaswamy, Stephen C. Kanick, Jonathan T. Elliott, Wendy A. Wells, Richard J. Barth Jr., Keith D. Paulsen, Brian W. Pogue

Dartmouth Scholarship

A variety of optical techniques utilizing near-infrared (NIR) light are being proposed for intraoperative breast tumor margin assessment. However, immediately following a lumpectomy excision, the margins are inked, which preserves the orientation of the specimen but prevents optical interrogation of the tissue margins. Here, a workflow is proposed that allows for both NIR optical assessment following full specimen marking using molecular dyes which have negligible absorption and scattering in the NIR. The effect of standard surgical inks in contrast to molecular dyes for an NIR signal is shown. Further, the proposed workflow is demonstrated with full specimen intraoperative imaging on …

Program And Proceedings: Nebraska Academy Of Sciences 1880–2015, 135th Anniversary Year, One Hundred-Twenty-Fifth Annual Meeting

Nebraska Academy of Sciences: Programs and Proceedings

Program

Aeronautics and Space Science

Chemistry and Physics

Collegiate Academy: Biology

Collegiate Academy: Chemistry and Physics

Anthropology

Biological and Medical Sciences

Junior Academy, Senior High Competition

Aeronautics and Space Science, Poster Session

Maiben Memorial Lecture: “Nebraska Biocontainment Unit Planning and Response to Ebola,” Ebola team, University of nebraska medical Center

Applied Science and Technology

Earth Science

Teaching of Science and Math

Junior Academy, Junior High Competition

2015 - The Twentieth Annual Symposium Of Student Scholars

Symposium of Student Scholars Program Books

The full program book from the Twentieth Annual Symposium of Student Scholars, held on April 16, 2015. Includes abstracts from the presentations and posters.

Flavour Chemicals In Electronic Cigarette Fluids, Peyton A. Tierney, Clarissa D. Karpinski, Jessica E. Brown, Wentai Luo, James F. Pankow

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Most e-cigarette liquids contain flavour chemicals. Flavour chemicals certified as safe for ingestion by the Flavor Extracts Manufacturers Association may not be safe for use in e-cigarettes. This study identified and measured flavour chemicals in 30 e-cigarette fluids.

Methods: Two brands of single-use e-cigarettes were selected and their fluids in multiple flavour types analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. For the same flavour types, and for selected confectionary flavours (eg, bubble gum and cotton candy), also analysed were convenience samples of e-cigarette fluids in refill bottles from local ‘vape’ shops and online retailers.

Results: In many liquids, total flavour chemicals …

Swosu Research And Scholarly Activity Fair 2015, Jason L. Johnson

SWOSU Research and Scholarly Activity Fair Programs

Welcome to the Twenty-Second SWOSU Research and Scholarly Activity Fair! On display today are 103 presentations involving 169 student researchers, writers, performers, and artists, and 40 faculty sponsors encompassing scholarly activity from the Departments of: Accounting, Computer Science, and Entrepreneurship; Art, Communication, and Theatre; Biological Sciences; Chemistry and Physics; Education; Engineering Technology; Finance, Management, and Marketing; Language and Literature; Music; Nursing and Allied Health; Pharmaceutical Sciences; Psychology; and Social Sciences.

14th Annual Undergraduate Student Symposium, Farquhar Honors College

Undergraduate Student Symposium

The Undergraduate Student Symposium, sponsored by the Farquhar College of Arts and Sciences, presents student projects through presentations, papers, and poster displays. The event serves as a “showcase” demonstrating the outstanding scholarship of undergraduate students at NSU. The symposium is open to undergraduate students from all disciplines. Projects cover areas of student scholarship ranging from the experimental and the applied to the computational, theoretical, artistic, and literary. They are taken from class assignments and independent projects. The projects do not have to be complete; presentations can represent any stage in the concept’s evolution, from proposal and literature review to fully …

Wright State University's Celebration Of Research, Scholarship And Creative Activities Book Of Abstracts From Friday, April 10, 2015, Wright State University Office Of Undergraduate Research And Stemm Activities

Celebration of Undergraduate & Graduate Research, Scholarship, and Creative Activities Materials

The student abstract booklet is a compilation of abstracts from students' oral and poster presentations at Wright State University's fifth annual Celebration of Research, Scholarship and Creative Activities on April 10, 2015.

A Novel In Vivo Tumor Oxygen Profiling Assay: Combining Functional And Molecular Imaging With Multivariate Mathematical Modeling, Chung-Wein Lee

Open Access Dissertations

Purpose: The objective of this study is to develop and test a novel high spatio-temporal in vivo assay to quantify tumor oxygenation and hypoxia. The assay implements a biophysical model of oxygen transport to fuse parameters acquired from in vivo functional and molecular imaging modalities. ^ Introduction: Tumor hypoxia plays an important role in carcinogenesis. It triggers pathological angiogenesis to supply more oxygen to the tumor cells and promotes cancer cell metastasis. Preclinical and clinical evidence show that anti-angiogenic treatment is capable of normalizing the tumor vasculature both structurally and functionally. The resulting normalized vasculature provides a more efficient and …

The Pathological Role Of Acrolein In Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis And Multiple Sclerosis, Melissa A. Tully

Open Access Dissertations

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating neuropathy that affects nearly 2.5 million people worldwide. Despite substantial efforts, few treatments are currently available largely due to limited knowledge of pathogenic mechanisms underlying the disease. The immune-inflammatory nature of the pathology has prompted investigation of the role of oxidative stress in disease development and progression; however targeting reactive oxygen species for neutralization has had marginal success therapeutically, suggesting that an alternate oxidative stress-related target would prove beneficial. Recently, our lab has implicated acrolein, a highly reactive aldehyde that is both a byproduct and catalyst of lipid peroxidation, as a potential therapeutic …

Transient Cardiovascular Hemodynamics In A Patient-Specific Arterial System, Jr Rodward Hewlin

Dissertations

The ultimate goal of the present study is to aid in the development of tools to assist in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Gaining an understanding of hemodynamic parameters for medical implants allow clinicians to have some patient-specific proposals for intervention planning. In the present study a full cardiovascular experimental phantom and digital phantom (CFD model) was fabricated to study: (1) the effects of local hemodynamics on global hemodynamics, (2) the effects of transition from bed-rest to upright position, and (3) transport of dye (drug delivery) in the arterial system. Computational three dimensional (3-D) models (designs A, B, and C) …

Research: South Dakota State University, Spring 2015, Christie Delfanian

State of Discovery South Dakota State University's Research Magazine

CONTENTS:

Cyanide: Prototype detects cyanide poisoning in 70 seconds [Page] 2
Grapes: Plant scientists help improve cold-hardy grape varieties, develop local wine industry [Page] 3
Plant-derived compound may reduce cancer recurrence, spread [Page] 5
Imagining tool targets degenerative diseases [Page] 5
Nutrient-gene interaction research inspires Nelson Scholarship winner [Page] 6
Bridge girder: Improved bridge girder design can save taxpayers money [Page] 7
Microgrids help integrate renewables, maintain power flow [Page] 9
Tobacco: Nursing researchers document positive effects of tobacco-free policies [Page] 10
Rehab Counseling: rehabilitation counselors improve lives of disabled clients [Page] 11
Vocational rehab support puts asthmatic on university …

An Evaluation Of Carbon Concentrations Associated With Biodiesel Particulate Matter In An Underground Metal Mine, David Evans

Graduate Theses & Non-Theses

Exposure to diesel particulate matter from diesel exhaust has been shown to have adverse health effects in humans. In 2012 The International Agency for Research on Cancer classified diesel exhaust as a group 1 know human carcinogen. Because of the associated health effects, there has been a strong push to reduce the amount of diesel exhaust present in the mining industry. Biodiesel is one to the more common and promising control options used to reduce the amount of diesel particulate matter that is generated during fuel combustion. The use of biodiesel over petroleum diesel has been shown to reduce not …

Continual Cell Deformation Induced Via Attachment To Oriented Fibers Enhances Fibroblast Cell Migration, Sisi Qin, Vincent Ricotta, Marcia Simon, Richard A. F. Clark, Miriam Rafailovich

Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

Fibroblast migration is critical to the wound healing process. In vivo, migration occurs on fibrillar substrates, and previous observations have shown that a significant time lag exists before the onset of granulation tissue. We therefore conducted a series of experiments to understand the impact of both fibrillar morphology and migration time. Substrate topography was first shown to have a profound influence. Fibroblasts preferentially attach to fibrillar surfaces, and orient their cytoplasm for maximal contact with the fiber edge. In the case of en-mass cell migration out of an agarose droplet, fibroblasts on flat surfaces emerged with an enhanced velocity, v …

Embedded System Design For Real-Time Monitoring Of Solitary Embedded System Design For Real-Time Monitoring Of Solitary, Robert Philip O'Brien

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia cause cognitive disabilities in the afflicted person. As a result, the person with dementia often requires assistance from a primary caregiver. However, while the caregiver is away from the home they are unaware of the person's status and may not be able to find out without returning to the home due to dementia's effects on cognition.

In this thesis work, a system of embedded devices is presented which tracks a solitary dementia patient in the home in real-time. The system is composed of three main hardware components. Multiple passive and active sensors are …

Flight Physician - March, 2015, Civil Aviation Medical Association

Browse all Civil Aviation Medical Association Newsletters

An eleven page newsletter of the Civil Aviation Medical Association. The newsletter provided news about civil aviation medicine and information related to the organization.

Macroscopic-Imaging Technique For Subsurface Quantification Of Near-Infrared Markers During Surgery, Michael Jermyn, Kolbein Kolste, Julien Pichette, Guillaume Sheehy, Leticia Angulo-Rodriguez, Keith D. Paulsen, David W. Roberts, Brian C. Wilson, Kevin Petrecca, Frederic Leblond

Dartmouth Scholarship

Obtaining accurate quantitative information on the concentration and distribution of fluorescent markers lying at a depth below the surface of optically turbid media, such as tissue, is a significant challenge. Here, we introduce a fluorescence reconstruction technique based on a diffusion light transport model that can be used during surgery, including guiding resection of brain tumors, for depth-resolved quantitative imaging of near-infrared fluorescent markers. Hyperspectral fluorescence images are used to compute a topographic map of the fluorophore distribution, which yields structural and optical constraints for a three-dimensional subsequent hyperspectral diffuse fluorescence reconstruction algorithm. Using the model fluorophore Alexa Fluor 647 …

Stroke-Related Effects On Maximal Dynamic Hip Flexor Fatigability And Functional Implications, Henry Kuhnen, Megan M. Rybar, Tanya Onushko, Ryan E. Doyel, Sandra K. Hunter, Brian D. Schmit, Allison S. Hyngstrom

Exercise Science Faculty Research and Publications

Introduction: Stroke-related changes in maximal dynamic hip flexor muscle fatigability may be more relevant functionally than isometric hip flexor fatigability. Methods: Ten chronic stroke survivors performed 5 sets of 30 hip flexion maximal dynamic voluntary contractions (MDVC). A maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MIVC) was performed before and after completion of the dynamic contractions. Both the paretic and nonparetic legs were tested. Results: Reduction in hip flexion MDVC torque in the paretic leg (44.7%) was larger than the nonparetic leg (31.7%). The paretic leg had a larger reduction in rectus femoris EMG (28.9%) between the first and last …

Investigating Problem-Based Learning Tutorship In Medical And Engineering Programs In Malaysia, Virginie F. C. Servant, Eleanor F. A. Dewar

Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning

Although Malaysia was the first country in Asia to adopt problem-based learning (PBL), the impact that this has had on its tutors remains largely unexplored. This paper details a qualitative study of the changing perceptions of teaching roles in two groups of problem-based learning tutors in two institutional contexts—one in medicine located in Kuala Lumpur and one in engineering located in Johor Bahru. Using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis, the authors attempt to describe the way in which the two groups have experienced their changing professional world, and the mental processes through which they rationalize the transformation of Malaysia’s educational landscape. This …

Next-Generation Raman Tomography Instrument For Non-Invasive In Vivo Bone Imaging, Jennifer-Lynn H. Demers, Francis W. L. Esmonde-White, Karen A. Esmonde-White, Michael D. Morris, Brian Pogue

Dartmouth Scholarship

Combining diffuse optical tomography methods with Raman spectroscopy of tissue provides the ability for in vivo measurements of chemical and molecular characteristics, which have the potential for being useful in diagnostic imaging. In this study a system for Raman tomography was developed and tested. A third generation microCT coupled system was developed to combine 10 detection fibers and 5 excitation fibers with laser line filtering and a Cytop reference signal. Phantom measurements of hydroxyapatite concentrations from 50 to 300 mg/ml had a linear response. Fiber placement and experiment design was optimized using cadaver animals with live animal measurements acquired to …

Macroscopic Optical Imaging Technique For Wide-Field Estimation Of Fluorescence Depth In Optically Turbid Media For Application In Brain Tumor Surgical Guidance, Kolbein K. Kolste, Stephen C. Kanick, Pablo A. Valdés, Michael Jermyn, Brian C. Wilson, David W. Roberts, Keith D. Paulsen, Frederic Leblond

Dartmouth Scholarship

A diffuse imaging method is presented that enables wide-field estimation of the depth of fluorescent molecular markers in turbid media by quantifying the deformation of the detected fluorescence spectra due to the wavelength-dependent light attenuation by overlying tissue. This is achieved by measuring the ratio of the fluorescence at two wavelengths in combination with normalization techniques based on diffuse reflectance measurements to evaluate tissue attenuation variations for different depths. It is demonstrated that fluorescence topography can be achieved up to a 5 mm depth using a near-infrared dye with millimeter depth accuracy in turbid media having optical properties representative of …

Electronic Desalting For Controlling The Ionic Environment In Droplet-Based Biosensing Platforms, Vikhram Vilasur Swaminathan, Piyush Dak, Bobby Reddy Jr, Eric Salm, Carlos Duarte-Guevara, Yu Zhong, Andrew Fischer, Yi-Shao Liu, Rashid Bashir

Birck and NCN Publications

The ability to control the ionic environment in saline waters and aqueous electrolytes is useful for desalination as well as electronic biosensing. We demonstrate a method of electronic desalting at micro-scale through on-chip micro electrodes. We show that, while desalting is limited in bulk solutions with unlimited availability of salts, significant desalting of ≥1 mM solutions can be achieved in sub-nanoliter volume droplets with diameters of ∼250 μm. Within these droplets, by using platinum-black microelectrodes and electrochemical surface treatments, we can enhance the electrode surface area to achieve >99% and 41% salt removal in 1 mM and 10 mM salt …

Effects Of Three Dry Powder Inhalers On Deposition Of Aerosolized Medicine In The Human Oral-Pharyngeal-Laryngeal Regions, Mohammed Ali

Technology Faculty Publications and Presentations

The dry powder inhaler (DPI) is a popular, effective and convenient drug delivery device for inhalation therapy to treat asthma. However, a large quantity (approximately 54%) of inhaled aerosols deposit in the oropharyngeal region. Deposition in this region is undesirable because it provides minimum therapeutic benefits and has adverse localized or systemic side effects. This study reports a method of examining electrostatic charge effects on deposition of three DPI aerosols (Spiriva^™ Handihaler, Advair Diskus^™, and Pulmicort^™ Turbohaler) in a cadaver-based cast of the human oral-pharyngeal-laryngeal (OPL) regions. Experimental aerosols were generated from the three commercially available …

Designing Electronics For An Artificial Leg, Taylor Barto

The Downtown Review: An Interdisciplinary Journal Written and Peer-Reviewed by Mandel Honors College Students at Cleveland State University

A regenerative prosthesis is modeled and simulated. The simulation is optimized with the biogeography-based optimization algorithm to obtain desired knee angle tracking with a reference knee trajectory and to regenerate energy. The prosthesis is able to track a reference knee angle with a 5.1 degree error averaged over an entire stride and regenerate some energy throughout the stride.

Sci Pop Talks! Presenter Guidelines, Kiyomi D. Deards, Raychelle Burks

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Libraries: Faculty Publications

Presenter guidelines for the nUniversity of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL) Sci Pop! Talks series.

Soft, Curved Electrode Systems Capable Of Integration On The Auricle As A Persistent Brain–Computer Interface, James J. S. Norton, Dong Sup Lee, Jung Woo Lee, Woosik Lee, Ohjin Kwon, Philip Won, Sung-Young Jung, Huanyu Cheng, Jae-Woong Jeong, Abdullah Akce, Stephen Umunna, Ilyoun Na, Yong Ho Kwon, Xiao-Qi Wang, Zhuangjian Liu, Ungyu Paik, Yonggang Huang, Timothy Bretl, Woon-Hong Yeo, John A. Rogers

Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering Publications

Recent advances in electrodes for noninvasive recording of electroencephalograms expand opportunities collecting such data for diagnosis of neurological disorders and brain–computer interfaces. Existing technologies, however, cannot be used effectively in continuous, uninterrupted modes for more than a few days due to irritation and irreversible degradation in the electrical and mechanical properties of the skin interface. Here we introduce a soft, foldable collection of electrodes in open, fractal mesh geometries that can mount directly and chronically on the complex surface topology of the auricle and the mastoid, to provide high-fidelity and long-term capture of electroencephalograms in ways that avoid any significant …