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Geotechnical Engineering

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Articles 4471 - 4500 of 4581

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Strain-Rate Dependent Shear Modulus Of San Francisco Bay Mud, William M. Isenhower, Kenneth H. Stokoe Apr 1981

Strain-Rate Dependent Shear Modulus Of San Francisco Bay Mud, William M. Isenhower, Kenneth H. Stokoe

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The effects of shearing strain amplitude and shearing strain rate on the shear modulus of normally consolidated specimens of San Francisco Bay Mud were studied with a specially constructed torsional shear/resonant column device. Torsional shear measurements were performed at excitation frequencies of 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 Hz and were followed by a resonant column measurement at the same strain amplitude. This testing sequence was conducted at constant values of shearing strain amplitude over the range from 0.001 to 0.1 percent. From these measurements the dependency of shear modulus on shearing strain rate and amplitude was studied. Shear modulus was …

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Load, Deformation And Strength Behavior Of Soils Under Dynamic Loadings, Marshall L. Silver Apr 1981

Load, Deformation And Strength Behavior Of Soils Under Dynamic Loadings, Marshall L. Silver

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The state of the art is summarized for the evaluation of the stress, strain and strength properties of soils in terms of appropriate test equipment, test procedures and the presentation of test results in both the laboratory and the field. Different testing requirements for measuring soil properties for l) design and analysis problems and 2) for constitutive property modeling are compared and recommendations on minimum test result reporting requirements are given. In addition, methods for overcoming equipment and test procedure limitations are presented. The importance of combining field and laboratory test results is stressed and ways to make more extensive …

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Dynamic Deformation Characteristics Of A Soft Clay, B. A. Andréasson Apr 1981

Dynamic Deformation Characteristics Of A Soft Clay, B. A. Andréasson

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The shear modulus of a soft, high-plastic clay under dynamic loading conditions was studied. The initial shear modulus was determined by cross-hole and down-hole tests in-situ and by resonant column tests in the laboratory. The reduction of shear modulus with increasing shear strain amplitude was determined in-situ by dynamic loading screw-plate tests and in the laboratory by high amplitude resonant column tests. Field and laboratory test results are compared.

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Constitutive Equations For Sands And Overconsolidated Clays Under Dynamic Loads Based On Elasto-Plasticity, F. Oka, H. Washizu Apr 1981

Constitutive Equations For Sands And Overconsolidated Clays Under Dynamic Loads Based On Elasto-Plasticity, F. Oka, H. Washizu

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper is concerned with the constitutive equations of the sands and overconsolidated clays under cyclic loads. The constitutive equations are derived, based on the theory of plasticity and real stress-strain behavior of soils, The non-associated flow rule is applied to the derivation of the equations. The derived equations can explain the mechanical behavior of overconsolidated clays and sands under cyclic stresses and have nine soil parameters, and are applicable to liquefaction analysis.

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The Cyclic Loading Behavior Of Grouted Sand, J. L. Rosenfarb, R. E. Hackman Apr 1981

The Cyclic Loading Behavior Of Grouted Sand, J. L. Rosenfarb, R. E. Hackman

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A two-phased static and dynamic laboratory investigation of the behavior of a silicate grout stabilized sand has been undertaken. Through the use of load-controlled cyclic triaxial testing the dynamic strength, stiffness, and deformation characteristics have been assessed as a function of mix design, confinerrent level and loading history. Comparisons between static and dynamic properties are provided.

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Cyclic Simple Shear Behavior Of Fine Grained Soils, R. Dyvik, T. F. Zimmie, P. Schimelfenyg Apr 1981

Cyclic Simple Shear Behavior Of Fine Grained Soils, R. Dyvik, T. F. Zimmie, P. Schimelfenyg

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Consolidated, constant volume (CCV), cyclic laboratory shear tests were performed on marine clay soils. The Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI) direct simple shear device, modified for cyclic loading (square wave) capabilities, was used for these tests. Two clays were investigated; a natural undisturbed Gulf of Mexico clay and a reconstituted Pacific Illite. The cyclic shear tests were performed with two way loading (complete stress reversal). Models are presented to predict the pore pressure behavior during a cyclic test, or to predict the strain or pore pressure behavior of tests with varying cyclic shear stress levels. A unique relationship between shear strain …

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Residual Pore Pressure And Deformation Behavior Of Soil Samples Under Variable Cyclic Loading, C. S. Chang Apr 1981

Residual Pore Pressure And Deformation Behavior Of Soil Samples Under Variable Cyclic Loading, C. S. Chang

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper describes a method for predicting both residual pore pressure and residual deformation of anisotropically consolidated undrained samples under variable cyclic loading. The approach of this method is phenomenologically relating normalized number of cycles and pore pressure ratio. This relationship is then extended for predicting residual pore pressures under variable cyclic loading. Residual deformation is predicted by considering the effective stress change due to the build-up of residual pore pressure. Comparisons are made between predicted and measured residual pore pressures and deformations of samples under variable cyclic loading.

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Cyclic Loading Response Of Cohesive Soils Using A Bounding Surface Plasticity Model, Y. F. Dafalias, L. R. Herrman, A. Anandarajah Apr 1981

Cyclic Loading Response Of Cohesive Soils Using A Bounding Surface Plasticity Model, Y. F. Dafalias, L. R. Herrman, A. Anandarajah

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The concept of the bounding surface in plasticity theory has been used to develop a general three-dimensional constitutive model for cohesive soils within the framework of critical state soil mechanics. The present work focuses on the response of the above model under cyclic loading conditions. It is shown mainly qualitatively and partially quantitatively, that the model predicts in detailed form a material response which does agree with observed experimental behavior under undrained and drained loading conditions at any overconsolidation ratio and for different cyclic deviatoric stress amplitudes.

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Interface Element For Propagation In Layered Media, V. R. Gadhinglajkar, R. M. Belkune, C. K. Ramesh Apr 1981

Interface Element For Propagation In Layered Media, V. R. Gadhinglajkar, R. M. Belkune, C. K. Ramesh

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

An interface element which accounts for the relative displacement between two layers through its stiffness properties and loss of energy through its damping properties has been developed. lts behaviour under static, free vibration, transient load and wave propagation in layered media has been studied.

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Liquefaction Analysis Of Sand Deposits Based On Cyclic Elasto-Piasticity, F. Oka, T. Murase Apr 1981

Liquefaction Analysis Of Sand Deposits Based On Cyclic Elasto-Piasticity, F. Oka, T. Murase

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The one-dimentional liquefaction analysis of sand deposits is performed by using the theory of two-phase mixture and the elasto-plastic constitutive equations of sand that can describe the dynamic dilatancy effect of soil under cyclic loading. The analytical results obtained by finite difference method explain well the dynamic behavior of sand deposits including liquefaction phenomena. Especially, the stress path which is particular to liquefaction is presented by considering a horizontally confined condition.

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Site Analysis For Seismic Soil Liquefaction Potential, James B. Forrest, John M. Ferritto, George Wu Apr 1981

Site Analysis For Seismic Soil Liquefaction Potential, James B. Forrest, John M. Ferritto, George Wu

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Field penetration data and cyclic laboratory test data are presented for evaluating the seismically induced soil liquefaction potential at a waterfront site. Dynamic split-spoon penetration recordings and three types of quasistatic friction cone probings were made. The friction cones were the standard mechanical cone, the electric cone, and the piezometric cone. The latter penetrometer has a porous element near the tip which permits measurement of pore water pressures generated during penetration. By interrupting penetration, the rate of pore pressure dissipation can be recorded, so an estimate of soil permeability can also be derived. Undisturbed samples were taken using an Osterberg …

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Influence Of Fines On Evaluating Liquefaction Of Sand By Cpt, S. G. Zhou Apr 1981

Influence Of Fines On Evaluating Liquefaction Of Sand By Cpt, S. G. Zhou

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A method of evaluating liquefaction potential of sand by Static Cone Penetration Test (CPT) was firstly developed basing on the field tests over Tangshan earthquake area and then confirmed by the test result in Haicheng earthquake. However, it showed considerable deviations when the method was used over Lutai area. The author holds that this outcome is mainly due to the difference between the soil characteristics of Lutai and Tangshan, i.e.. the former contains much more fine particles than the latter. Thus the method should be modified according to the fine particles content of the soil. A preliminary method of modification …

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Potential For Liquefaction Due To Construction Blasting, J. H. Long, E. R. Ries, A. P. Michalopoulos Apr 1981

Potential For Liquefaction Due To Construction Blasting, J. H. Long, E. R. Ries, A. P. Michalopoulos

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A method based on laboratory cyclic triaxial and torsional tests of undisturbed soil samples has been developed to predict the potential for liquefaction due to buried charges, such as those used in construction blasting. The results of a test blasting program conducted at a construction site are presented. The case history yielded data on particle velocities and blast induced porewater pressure changes.

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Uniform Cycles In Earthquakes: A Statistical Study, A. Haldar Apr 1981

Uniform Cycles In Earthquakes: A Statistical Study, A. Haldar

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In the evaluation of soil behavior due to earthquake motions, uniform intensity load cycles are frequently used instead of irregular-patterned loadings generated during actual earthquakes. A statistical conversion procedure is discussed in this paper based on results available in the literature. The actual irregular stress-time history produced by an earthquake can be represented by uniform amplitude cyclic stresses, although there may be considerable uncertainty associated with them. The statistical relationship proposed here between the earthquake magnitude and the equivalent uniform stress cycles is somewhat different from the relationship commonly used in practice. It is observed in this study that this …

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Acoustic Identification Of Liquefaction Potential, G. V. Roe, P. A. De Alba, B. Celikkol Apr 1981

Acoustic Identification Of Liquefaction Potential, G. V. Roe, P. A. De Alba, B. Celikkol

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The interparticle arrangement, or fabric, of sands is a key determinant of sample rigidity. This rigidity, in large part, determines the velocity and attenuation of acoustic transmissions in a test specimen, as well as its resistance to liquefaction. Utilizing high frequency small-amplitude compressional wave transmissions, different fabric arrangements of standard triaxial samples of the same sand have been reliably identified from their acoustic response. Both the compressional wave velocity and attenuation were used to determine the acoustic signature of a sample. Cyclic triaxial testing of the same laboratory-prepared samples revealed that there is direct relationship between the acoustic response of …

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Undrained Behaviour Of Cohesionless Soils Under Cyclic And Transient Loading, M. P. Luong, J. F. Sidaner Apr 1981

Undrained Behaviour Of Cohesionless Soils Under Cyclic And Transient Loading, M. P. Luong, J. F. Sidaner

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

An experimental approach using the conventional axisymmetric triaxial apparatus suggested the introduction of a new concept "the characteristic state" for cohesionless soils, associated with an interparticle friction angle which is an intrinsic factor corresponding to the interlocking capacity of the granular material. It offers a rather convenient framework for interpreting different mechanical aspects of soil behaviour under undrained cyclic loading. Sand liquefaction occurs only under alternating cyclic loading reaching the characteristic thresholds on both sides of zero deviatoric stress.

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Mechanism Of Soil Liquefaction, W. S. Wang Apr 1981

Mechanism Of Soil Liquefaction, W. S. Wang

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A deeper inspection has been made into the physical meaning and mechanism of the soil liquefaction. Emphasis has been laid on the stress condition and stress evolution in saturated cohesionless soils during liquefaction. Typical examples have been described to demonstrate the process of stress evolution in soil liquefaction. Some other related factors such as limit equilibrium condition, strain and pore water pressure evolution in the saturated cohesionless soil mass under cyclic loading or vibration have also been discussed. It has been concluded that the state of stress in saturated cohesionless soils is bounded by limit equilibrium condition and approaches the …

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Effect Of Material Properties On Soil Liquefaction, I. Ishibashi, M. A. Sherif, W. L. Cheng Apr 1981

Effect Of Material Properties On Soil Liquefaction, I. Ishibashi, M. A. Sherif, W. L. Cheng

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Four material constants included in the pore-pressure buildup equation for saturated sands under earthquake loadings are determined as functions of grain size, soil angularity, coefficient of uniformity, and void ratio. This would allow engineers to readily calculate pore-pressure buildup as a function of time, and hence assess the liquefaction potential, for a given soil without conducting cyclic tests.

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Dynamic Behaviour Of Sandy Soil And Liquefaction, Tadanobu Sato, Toru Shibata, Ryoji Ito Apr 1981

Dynamic Behaviour Of Sandy Soil And Liquefaction, Tadanobu Sato, Toru Shibata, Ryoji Ito

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A mathematical model is formulated to present constitutive relation of sandy soil under cyclic loading. The fundamental concepts of kinematic and isotropic work-hardening plasticity theory are utilized here to obtain the relationship between rate of strain and rate of stress, in which the yield function, hardening function and plastic potential are proposed from experimental evidence and theoretical considerations. The predicted inelastic behaviour is compared with available experimental results of conventional cyclic triaxial tests, particularly of liquefaction phenomena.

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Session 2: Discussion & Replies, Multiple Authors Apr 1981

Session 2: Discussion & Replies, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Passive Earth Pressure During Earthquakes, H. Matsuzawa, A. Matsumura Apr 1981

Passive Earth Pressure During Earthquakes, H. Matsuzawa, A. Matsumura

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In order to investigate characteristics of the passive earth pressure during earthquakes against the front face of the part of sheet pile walls driven into the ground, dynamic earth pressure tests were performed by using a large scale oscillating soil bin. A movable wall from which inertial effects were eliminated was used in this study. The wall was moved toward sand filled in the bin during oscillation. The angle Φm deduced by inserting the observed peak wall load and wall friction angle at the maximum inertia force into the logarithmic spiral method was coincided with that of the static condition. …

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Numerical Computation Of Earth-Pressures During Earthquakes, D. Aubry, D. Chouvet Apr 1981

Numerical Computation Of Earth-Pressures During Earthquakes, D. Aubry, D. Chouvet

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

After reviewing sorre important features of earth pressures against retaining wall during earthquakes the authors propose an implicit-explicit scherre for time integration of the elastoplastic equations in dynamics. Same results obtained with the developed computer code are presented and discussed.

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Displacement Analysis Of Rigid Retaining Walls In Rocking, Shamsher Prakash, V. K. Puri, J. U. Khandoker Apr 1981

Displacement Analysis Of Rigid Retaining Walls In Rocking, Shamsher Prakash, V. K. Puri, J. U. Khandoker

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The paper presents a simple approach for computing rotational displacements of rigid retaining walls during an earthquake, an aspect that had not been considered so far (1981). The values of rotational displacements using the proposed method for various combinations of wall geometry, backfill material and ground motion parameters have been worked out. The values of rotational displacements have been compared with the values obtained by using available approaches for displacement analysis (sliding or overall) for rigid retaining walls and it is shown that the contribution of rotation to the overall displacement of the retaining wall may be quite significant in …

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Influence Of Soil-Structure Interaction On The Response Of Nuclear Power Stations Under Earthquake Excitation, J. Altes, D. Koschmieder Apr 1981

Influence Of Soil-Structure Interaction On The Response Of Nuclear Power Stations Under Earthquake Excitation, J. Altes, D. Koschmieder

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The influence of different soil properties on the response behaviour of buildings and components was investigated using the finite element method. The first example is concerned with a high temperature reactor. Floor response spectra and rocking of the prestressed reactor pressure vessel are calculated. In another example the influence of soil-structure interaction on the response of embedded buildings is shown.

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Dynamic Response Of Concrete Pavement, S. S. Bandyopadhyay Apr 1981

Dynamic Response Of Concrete Pavement, S. S. Bandyopadhyay

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The dynamic response of concrete pavement to a moving line load has been studied by idealizing the subgrade with different viscoelastic models. Complex Fourier Transformation has been used to solve the soil-structure interaction problem. The results are presented in non-dimensional form. The appropriate choice of models and the corresponding material constant values for different types of bases and/or subgrade generally used under concrete pavement have been discussed.

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Soil Structure Interaction Effects On The Response Of 210 Mw T.G. Frame Foundations, K. G. Bhatia Apr 1981

Soil Structure Interaction Effects On The Response Of 210 Mw T.G. Frame Foundations, K. G. Bhatia

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The Design Office practice for the analysis and design of frame foundation generally ignores the soil structure interaction effects on the response of the frame foundation. A 210 MW T.G. frame foundation is analyzed using various standard approaches as well as using 3-0 finite element analysis. The analysis is carried out for fixed base as well as for elastic base conditions. Linear and rotational soil springs are considered to include the effect of base elasticity. The results of the analysis are presented. The analysis reveals that the soil structure interaction effects are significant both on the dynamic response parameters as …

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Settlement And Tilt Of Footings Under Eccentric Loads, P. Nandakumaran, K. Senathipathi Apr 1981

Settlement And Tilt Of Footings Under Eccentric Loads, P. Nandakumaran, K. Senathipathi

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A simple and approximate theory to obtain the settlement and tilt of footings subjected to eccentric loading is described. Comparison with test data on a plate and one of the existing procedures for specific site conditions demonstrate the feasibility of the technique. It is concluded that when footings are subjected to vertical loads and moments, as during a seismic event, the proposed method can be employed with advantage.

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Importance Of Soil Anisotropy On Foundation Displacement Functions, George Gazetas Apr 1981

Importance Of Soil Anisotropy On Foundation Displacement Functions, George Gazetas

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Consideration is given to the effect of soil cross-anisotropy on the dynamic displacement functions of a rigid strip surface foundation subjected to vertical or horizontal forces and moments that vary harmonically with time and are distributed uniformly across the longitudinal axis so that plane strain conditions prevail. The results are obtained using an analytical-numerical formulation which models realistically the rough soil-foundation interface, properly accounts for phenomena associated with propagation of waves emanating from the foundation and considers linear hysteretic material damping in the soil. Particular emphasis is accorded to the sensitivity of the calculated frequency-dependent foundation displacements to the assumed …

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Interaction Of Railway Ties — Comparison With Seismic Wave Data, B. Prange Apr 1981

Interaction Of Railway Ties — Comparison With Seismic Wave Data, B. Prange

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The dynamic interaction problem of ties of a railway track is treated by a two-dimensional analytical solution. The resulting stiffness-functions are compared with the solution of the interaction problem of two foundations subjected to an incident Rayleigh wave. The compliances of a single tie and a system of interacting ties are given together with experimental data of a test track, excited by a new developed testing vehicle.

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Analysis Of Piles Under Dynamic Loading, L. R. Scatena Apr 1981

Analysis Of Piles Under Dynamic Loading, L. R. Scatena

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper presents a method of analyzing piles for transmission poles. The various design loads are summarized and the application of various types of load factors is described. Methods of determining required pier embedment and design shear stresses are recommended. Construction factors which might impact cost are also discussed.

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