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Geotechnical Engineering

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Articles 4201 - 4230 of 4581

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Thrust Evolution On The Shoring Of Two Large Excavations In Geneva, A. Fontana May 1984

Thrust Evolution On The Shoring Of Two Large Excavations In Geneva, A. Fontana

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This study presents the results of thrust measures on the shoring of two large excavations, located in downtown Geneva, in fine saturated soils of low capacity and great thickness. Loads were measured by regular extensometer readings, completed in one excavation by three daily readings on VSL load cells. Although the obtained measurements seem puzzling at first sight, their analysis enable to draw some useful conclusions for the design of deep retaining structures.

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Use Of Ground Anchors In Residual Soils, R. Kannan, Bengt B. Broms May 1984

Use Of Ground Anchors In Residual Soils, R. Kannan, Bengt B. Broms

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

In the past decade the use of ground anchors in deep basements has increased in most parts of the world, while their applications in Singapore have been very limited so far because of their interference with adjacent properties. Empirical design methods which are adequate in most cases are still commonly used. Analytical design methods and finite element analysis (FEM) which give better insight into the soil-anchor interaction are gaining popularity. Post grouting is often used for anchors in residual soils and has been found successful. Some case histories from Singapore are presented in this paper.

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Load Measurements Of An Anchored Retaining Wall, P. Rocha Filho, N. M. Zeitoune May 1984

Load Measurements Of An Anchored Retaining Wall, P. Rocha Filho, N. M. Zeitoune

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Thirty six anchors, corresponding approximately to five per cent of the total anchors of a retaining wall, were instrumented using electrical load cells, aiming to study the variation of the applied load with time associated with the sequencing of construction. It was observed that the average total loss was 25% of the average applied load, which consisted of three major component: rapid loss; long term loss and loss due to adjacent anchors loading.

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Anchor Slab Retaining Wall Stands Overtopping Flood, Z. L. Wang, X. M. Wu, Z. S. Zhang May 1984

Anchor Slab Retaining Wall Stands Overtopping Flood, Z. L. Wang, X. M. Wu, Z. S. Zhang

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

An anchor slab retaining wall which stands seasonal overtopping floods was constructed in 1980 beside a river in the valley of Nanping, Fukien Province, China. Monitor measurements of its stresses and deformations were taken during the mean water level and flood seasons every year since its completion. The results of three years' observations and measurements proved that the wall is stable against floods and the earth pressure is slightly higher than the designed value.

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Performance Of A 30 M Deep Instrumented Diaphragm Wall, M. M. Soares May 1984

Performance Of A 30 M Deep Instrumented Diaphragm Wall, M. M. Soares

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper summarizes the performance of the second instrumented research section of the Rio de Janeiro underground. The first aim of this programme was to establish a simple procedure to design diaphragm walls in soft clay soils. The model of a beam on elastic supports was chosen due to its simplicity and usefulness in the prediction of the wall behaviour. The concrete wall was built using the slurry trench technique and was instrumented to measure the concrete strain, the load on the reinforcement bars, the horizontal displacement and the horizontal earth pressure. It was measured the loads in the two …

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Permanent Tieback Retention System, T. C. Anderson, M. E. Lockwood, M. F. Nethero May 1984

Permanent Tieback Retention System, T. C. Anderson, M. E. Lockwood, M. F. Nethero

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper describes the design, construction, and monitoring of a permanent tieback retention system which permitted a 55-foot-deep excavation for an 16-story addition to the existing Good Samaritan Hospital in Cincinnati, Ohio. Tieback anchor capacity is developed in moderate-to-low-strength shale bedrock with intermittent thin limestone layers. The retention system provides temporary and permanent support for adjacent 5- and 10-story buildings and unbalanced lateral earth pressures due to sloping site topography. A permanently tiedback wall also supports a 17-to-33-foot-deep cut adjacent to the a-story parking structure in lieu of a conventional retaining wall.

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Discussions And Replies, Multiple Authors May 1984

Discussions And Replies, Multiple Authors

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

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Embankments Built Over Swamps, Samuel Y. Ng, James C. Rudd May 1984

Embankments Built Over Swamps, Samuel Y. Ng, James C. Rudd

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Time and environmental constraints necessitated the development of unique methods for building earthen embankments over very deep and soft swamp deposits. Three case histories are presented. Construction techniques included alternate strip embankments, use of flexible vertical and horizontal drains, use of wood chips and high strength geotextile and the conventional stage and preloading techniques. In all cases, field instrumentation including pore-pressure/settlement transducers was installed to monitor the fill placement. The monitoring results were fed into a computer to determine the safety factor against shear failure and amount of settlement. The field monitoring results and predicted values agreed very well.

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Failure Of Micaceous Waste Tailings Dam, W. F. Brumund May 1984

Failure Of Micaceous Waste Tailings Dam, W. F. Brumund

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The paper describes the failure and reconstruction of an 80 ft. high, 8 acre tailings impoundment in Western North Carolina. The darn was constructed using the upstream method of construction. The coarse fraction of the tailings was used as embankment construction materials; these consisted of coarse to fine sands. The fine fraction tailings consisted of low density, relatively low plasticity, layered fine sands and fine sandy silts with frequent inter bedding of micaceous silty clays. Although a 20.0 ft. section of the darn failed, the fine saturated tailings did not liquefy but rather slumped into the breach. Reconstruction was complicated …

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Lake Monona Causeway - Madison, Wisconsin, Usa, W. W. Warzyn, C. A. Stoll May 1984

Lake Monona Causeway - Madison, Wisconsin, Usa, W. W. Warzyn, C. A. Stoll

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

In 1965 and 1966, a 3,500’ long, hydraulically-placed, highway embankment was constructed over the very soft lakebed deposits of Lake Monona. The compressible deposits, which ranged in thickness from 40’ to 80’, included marl, organic silt and silty clay. An incipient shear failure occurred near the end of the 1965 construction season, necessitating embankment design and construction modifications. Pertinent slope stability and settlement data are summarized, as are time dependent changes in in-situ subsoil parameters. Measured settlements, which currently range from 3’ to more than 12’, agree well with basic consolidation theory and engineering predictions formulated at project inception. General …

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Open Pit Mine Rock Dump Geotechnical Evaluation, Z. M. Zovodni, J. D. Tygesen, S. C. Pereus May 1984

Open Pit Mine Rock Dump Geotechnical Evaluation, Z. M. Zovodni, J. D. Tygesen, S. C. Pereus

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Open pit mining generally involves moving large quantities of waste rock to disposal areas which are usually located near the mine. This waste rock must be disposed of in a safe, economical, and environmentally acceptable manner. The stability of the waste dump depends to a great extent on the physical properties of the underlying foundation. Information must be obtained to define and assess the strength, consolidation, distribution, topographic and hydrogeologic properties for the foundation materials. Methods for obtaining estimates of the material properties include: laboratory and field testing, back analysis, and indirect estimates from other material properties. Mining operations in …

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Peculiar Behaviour Of The Manicouagan 3 Dam's Core, O. Dascal May 1984

Peculiar Behaviour Of The Manicouagan 3 Dam's Core, O. Dascal

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The presence of some horizontal or subhorizontal zones of weakness (cracks or decompressed layers) led to high pressure development in the downstream part of the relatively wide till core of Manic 3 dam. A short description of the investigation works to determine the location of the weakness zones and an analysis of the causes which produced these zones are presented in this paper.

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Performance Of A Stone Column Supported Embankment, R. R. Goughnour, R. D. Barksdale May 1984

Performance Of A Stone Column Supported Embankment, R. R. Goughnour, R. D. Barksdale

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The proposed expansion of ramps connecting Interstate Route 664 with Interstate Route 64 at Hampton, Virginia involved numerous high embankments and bridge structures over marshlands. Potential problems of embankment stability and excessive long term, post construction settlements were further complicated by very strict environmental constraints on acceptable construction methods. The solution chosen was stabilization of the in situ soils by the installation of stone columns. A description is given of stone column design, construction, field embankment instrumentation, and embankment performance for the first two years of operation. Four theories for predicting settlements of stone column reinforced ground are briefly reviewed. …

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Performance Of An Embankment On Peat, R. E. Olson May 1984

Performance Of An Embankment On Peat, R. E. Olson

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A widely held view is that rates of compression of peats are controlled by secondary effects and thus cannot be analyzed using primary consolidation theory. Data are presented here for the time rates of settlement of an embankment on peat. Theoretical analyses based on laboratory vertical and radial flow consolidation tests, and utilizing a finite difference scheme, indicated that the soil had undergone a degree of mass flow and was disturbed during or before jetting of sand drains, but that the field settlements could be predicted rationally using primary consolidation theory.

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Performance Of Trial Embankment On Soft Clay, T. Shibata, H. Sekiguchi May 1984

Performance Of Trial Embankment On Soft Clay, T. Shibata, H. Sekiguchi

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper is concerned with the interpretation of the observed and predicted performances of a full-scale trial embankment, which was constructed for the design purposes regarding a new bypass road to be constructed over soft clay adjacent to existing structures. The prediction based on the finite element analyses and the determination of soil parameters are briefly outlined. The results of comparison show adequate agreement between the predicted and observed field time-dependent deformation behavior throughout the entire loading history. However, if the predictions from the present FE-analyses are made by using the soil parameters measured in the laboratory, a correction factor …

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Powerhouse Slope Behavior, Fort Peck Dam, Montana, J. V. Hamel, G. S. Spencer May 1984

Powerhouse Slope Behavior, Fort Peck Dam, Montana, J. V. Hamel, G. S. Spencer

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Landslides occurred in the Bearpaw shale slope adjacent to the powerhouses at Fort Peck Dam in the geologic past. Excavation of the slope toe for construction of reservoir outlet works in 1934 initiated progressive sliding of colluvium which continued to 1974. The active slide area had an average movement rate of 4 ft/yr from 1944-1945 and average movement rates of 1-2 ft/yr from 1953-1971. These movements caused no distress to the powerhouses or other facilities. In 1974, the slope was stabilized by excavating 1.6 x 106 cu. yd. of material, resulting in a 1 on 6 overall slope. A field …

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Slide Stabilization With Gravel Trenches, E. G. Wardlaw, L. A. Cooley, A. E. Templeton, R. L. Fleming Jr. May 1984

Slide Stabilization With Gravel Trenches, E. G. Wardlaw, L. A. Cooley, A. E. Templeton, R. L. Fleming Jr.

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A different method of slide stabilization using gravel trenches is described. The design, construction, and performance monitoring of the gravel trenches are discussed together with a history of the slide, description of the soils, and mechanism of failure. The applications and limitations of this method of slide stabilization are also evaluated.

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The Delayed Failure Of A Large Cutting In Hong Kong, R. R. Hudson, S. R. Hencher May 1984

The Delayed Failure Of A Large Cutting In Hong Kong, R. R. Hudson, S. R. Hencher

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A large cutting in decomposed granite failed after five days of dry weather following an extremely intense rainstorm in August 1982. The history of the slope and surrounding area is described and three theories that might explain the delayed nature of the failure are proposed.

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The Failure Of A Cut Slope On The Tuen Mun Road In Hong Kong, S. R. Hencher, R. P. Martin May 1984

The Failure Of A Cut Slope On The Tuen Mun Road In Hong Kong, S. R. Hencher, R. P. Martin

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The investigation and analysis of two landslides in a recently-constructed cut slope in weathered granite are described in detail. The failures are attributed partly to complex geological conditions which caused a perched water table to develop in the major scar. Adverse jointing contributed to the minor failure. The original site investigation was not sufficiently detailed to identify the important geological and hydrogeological aspects of the site. Conclusions are drawn with respect to the usefulness of back analysis for identifying failure mechanisms.

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The Foundation Of The Right Bank In Wadi-Zarat Dam, M. A. Benltayf, M. Atalla, K. Rabah May 1984

The Foundation Of The Right Bank In Wadi-Zarat Dam, M. A. Benltayf, M. Atalla, K. Rabah

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The geotechnical engineering characteristics of a calcareous crust formation are evaluated in order to determine the feasibility of its stability under the right bank of Wadi Zarat Dam. The crust is a rock similar, extremely heterogeneous, material with location of collapsing susceptibility when saturated. The formation is caverned and locally very permeable and can present a risk of losing the reservoir water, dissolution, settlement, and piping. In this case study, several alternatives to treat the crust formation are presented, discussed, and compared. Rational justifications for the adopted solution are given and the predicted performance during operation of the dam is …

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Assessment Of Seismic Stability Of Earth Dams By Comparative Methods, Rodney J. Huang, Marshall L. Silver May 1984

Assessment Of Seismic Stability Of Earth Dams By Comparative Methods, Rodney J. Huang, Marshall L. Silver

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Seismic stability of embankment dams and their foundations has been a major concern in recent years because of notable incidents such as the behavior of the Lower San Fernando dam in the San Fernando Earthquake. Sophisticated and involved analytical methods have been developed to study the behavior of dams in earthquakes. Predicted seismic behavior agrees well with measured seismic behavior in the few case histories that exist of seismically induced distress in dams. However, for many dams, the level of information or effort required for a complete sophisticated seismic analysis is not warranted. For such cases it is possible to …

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Earthquake Damages To Earth Dams And Levees In Relation To Soil Liquefaction And Weakness In Soft Clays, W. S. Wang May 1984

Earthquake Damages To Earth Dams And Levees In Relation To Soil Liquefaction And Weakness In Soft Clays, W. S. Wang

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

In this paper, a number of case histories of typical earthquakes dams and levees which have been damaged by earthquakes occurred in past two decades in China are reported in some details along with data obtained from field and laboratory investigations as well as some analytical results. These damages are mainly due to liquefaction of saturated cohesionless or less cohesive soils and slippage in weak soft clays. It is concluded that, in order to avoid severe earthquake damages, earth dams and levees should be compacted to dense state and any liquefiable soils and weak soft clays in foundations should be …

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General Report For Theme Five Case Histories In Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, Gonzalo Castro May 1984

General Report For Theme Five Case Histories In Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, Gonzalo Castro

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

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Liquefaction Of A Soil Deposit During An Earthquake, Shamsher Prakash, M. K. Gupta May 1984

Liquefaction Of A Soil Deposit During An Earthquake, Shamsher Prakash, M. K. Gupta

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Large number of cases have been rep or ted where liquefaction has occurred during the earthquake, but only in a few cases, soil report in the zones of liquefaction are available. A wide spread damage because of liquefaction of soil deposit was observed during tile Niigata Earthquake of 1964 in Japan. A very systematic study on soil exploration in the zone of liquefaction was carried out and is well reported. Two sites were selected for the analysis from Niigata in the same area (i) where heavy damage occurred (ii) where no damage occurred. A case study was made using two …

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Liquefaction Potential Evaluation For Arcadia Dam, J. R. Wagner May 1984

Liquefaction Potential Evaluation For Arcadia Dam, J. R. Wagner

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The paper presents the studies performed as part of the liquefaction potential evaluation for Arcadia Dam. The evaluation was performed by the Tulsa District, Corps of Engineers, using a modification of the "Simplified Procedure" developed by H. B. Seed. A discussion of the various decisions, judgements and procedures used to adapt the required studies to the site specific conditions is presented along with a description of drilling, sampling, sample handling, and laboratory testing. The most significant finding from the evaluation is that a useful relationship exists between standard penetration test (SPT) blow count values, laboratory cyclic shear strength and soil …

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Liquefaction Potential Of Silty Sand Site, H. Dezfulian, N. D. Marachi May 1984

Liquefaction Potential Of Silty Sand Site, H. Dezfulian, N. D. Marachi

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Dynamic properties of subsurface soils at the site of a proposed nuclear power plant were determined through extensive field and laboratory tests. The liquefaction potential of the granular soils underlying the site were obtained by using field data obtained from both standard penetration resistance and cone penetration tests as well as from laboratory data obtained from cyclic triaxial compression tests. The analyses showed that comparable factors of safety may be obtained from both field and laboratory test data.

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Liquefaction Risk Evaluation During Earthquakes, Qiao Taiping, Wang Chenchun, Weng Lunian, Liu Huishan May 1984

Liquefaction Risk Evaluation During Earthquakes, Qiao Taiping, Wang Chenchun, Weng Lunian, Liu Huishan

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A simplified method is herein presented to evaluate liquefaction risk, where we modified the form of liquefaction potential index suggested by Iwasaki, Tokida and others (1980, 1982). Based upon the investigations of structure damage induced by soil liquefaction during Tangshan earthquake, four categories for evaluating liquefaction risk and the principles of engineering treatment are proposed. Several typical liquefaction sites are analyzed by this method.

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Research On The Permeability And Earthquake Damage Of An Earth Dam Foundation, Zhi-Jie Zhu, Wen-Kai Liu May 1984

Research On The Permeability And Earthquake Damage Of An Earth Dam Foundation, Zhi-Jie Zhu, Wen-Kai Liu

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The experiences on geological investigation, permeability test, prediction of seepage failure patterns and the earthquake damage of an earth dam foundation are presented in this paper. Basing on the monitoring data and seismic records observed from the seismic station on the dam, the prediction of reservoir induced earthquake and possibility of liquefaction are analysed.

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A Case Study On Decreasing Vibration Of Machine Foundations And Structures, Xikang Wang May 1984

A Case Study On Decreasing Vibration Of Machine Foundations And Structures, Xikang Wang

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Foundations under 3 compressors rested on a clay base. With the secondary exciting frequency falling into resonance region, the vibration velocity of foundations reached 8.96 mm/s exceeding the permissible limit. It was reduced to 4.0 mm/s through the use of combined foundation, thus ensuring normal production.

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Behavior Of Compressor Foundation – Predictions And Observations, Shamsher Prakash, Vijay K. Puri May 1984

Behavior Of Compressor Foundation – Predictions And Observations, Shamsher Prakash, Vijay K. Puri

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

In a Compressor foundation undergoing excessive vibrations, its amplitudes at operating frequency and natural frequency in free vibrations were monitored. Also in-situ dynamic properties were determined to check design and predict its response. Since the soil constants are strain depondent, two sets of computations were done (1) from the known soil constants and permissible amplitudes and (2) from the known soil constants and the observed amplitudes. The soil constants were corrected for confining pressure and relative density of the non-cohesive soil also. Both weightless spring theory (Barkans’ Method) and elastic half space theory were used in predicting the response. A …

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