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Geotechnical Engineering

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Articles 3991 - 4020 of 4582

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

The Effects Of Mining Subsidence On A Motorway Bridge, C. J. F. P. Jones Jun 1988

The Effects Of Mining Subsidence On A Motorway Bridge, C. J. F. P. Jones

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Mining subsidence causes ground movements which are imposed on any structure in the area of influence. Bridges are particularly susceptible to subsidence, which frequently causes damage and occasionally collapse. Special bridge designs have been developed to cater for mining subsidence. This paper provides details of the performance of such a structure subjected to significant ground strain.

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Driven Pile Foundation In Coral Sand, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Waddah Akili Jun 1988

Driven Pile Foundation In Coral Sand, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Waddah Akili

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Tubular steel piles, 1.42 meter in diameter, were driven into coral and coral contaminated sands to support marine structures on the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia. The paper describes the design evolution process, highlights the pile test program conducted on site to verify design and compares pile design penetration with actual penetration lengths. Despite corrections introduced to the design using site-specific load tests; the final design overestimated capacities in over 50 per cent of the total piles driven. The unpredictable and erratic pile behaviour observed during pile driving ascertains the need for more appropriate pile design and installation methodology …

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Illicon Analysis Of Ellingsrud Test Fill, G. Mesri, D. O. K. Lo, K. Karlsrud Jun 1988

Illicon Analysis Of Ellingsrud Test Fill, G. Mesri, D. O. K. Lo, K. Karlsrud

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The 50-m diameter test fill at Ellingsrud, Norway was constructed by NGI to determine preconsolidation pressure of a soft clay, mobilized under field conditions. The height of the fill was increased in four increments during 1972 to 1978. Settlement observations as well as pore water pressure measurements over a period of eleven years are used to evaluate predictions made by the ILLICON computer program. ILLICON analysis requires vertical profiles of compressibility and permeability parameters. The computed surface settlements are within 2 cm of the measured values during the first three loading stages. After the fourth loading, there is a larger …

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Prediction And Performance Of Piles Under Static And Dynamic Loads, Shamsher Prakash, Karunakar Sreerama, Sally Prakash Jun 1988

Prediction And Performance Of Piles Under Static And Dynamic Loads, Shamsher Prakash, Karunakar Sreerama, Sally Prakash

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Pile driving changes the soil properties for use in analysis of piles under lateral static and dynamic loads. In this study, the analytical predictions of pile group use soil and pile data obtained from tests on a single pile. The group predictions are compared with field and laboratory test results for both static and dynamic lateral response. A reasonably good agreement is found between the computed and measured dynamic response.

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Simulation Of Drilled Pier Behavior Under Three-Dimensional Loading, M. M. Zaman, I. Houssamy Jun 1988

Simulation Of Drilled Pier Behavior Under Three-Dimensional Loading, M. M. Zaman, I. Houssamy

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A three-dimensional nonlinear finite element procedure is presented for analysis of drilled (concrete) piers. The procedure allows for tensile cracking and compressive crushing of concrete, nonlinear behavior of soil, and simultaneous application of axial and lateral loads. The procedure is employed to investigate the ultimate capacity of a 45° under reamed pier. The predicted results are compared with the field test conducted on a similar pier. Also, distribution of displacements and stresses in the soil-pier system and crack pattern in the pier are presented and discussed.

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Stiffening Cast-In-Place Piling By Bottom Grouting, J. G. Zeitlen Jun 1988

Stiffening Cast-In-Place Piling By Bottom Grouting, J. G. Zeitlen

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Inspection of the execution of cast-in-place piles indicated that the pile borings had not been deep enough to reach an underlying adequate bearing layer of rock. Hence, the piles would transmit their end bearing loadings through intermediate soil layers of variable thickness, which could result in differential settlement and damage to the structure. As a remedial measure, the piles were drilled with an air hammer, and thick cement grout injected below the pile tips. Monitoring of the execution of the grouting program indicated that it was both necessary and beneficial. As a final check, a test shaft was excavated alongside …

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Stress Analysis Of Gravity Dam Founded On Rock Mass Having Horizontal Seam (A Case Study Of Bargi Dam In Madhya Pradesh, India), J. K. Jain, R. K. Khare Jun 1988

Stress Analysis Of Gravity Dam Founded On Rock Mass Having Horizontal Seam (A Case Study Of Bargi Dam In Madhya Pradesh, India), J. K. Jain, R. K. Khare

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Under certain situations where horizontal seams of weaker material are detected below a depth of relatively competent rock and if it is decided to found the base of the dam on the rock below weak seam, the current practice of extending the triangular profile right down to base proves to be uneconomical both in terms of cost of excavation and quantity of concrete. In such situations for realistic assessments it becomes imperative to study the effect of foundation block having seam, on the behaviour of entire dam structure. With a view to assist the design of such dams, results of …

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The Influence Of Thin Clay Layers On The Design And Performance Of A Flexible Cantilever Retaining Wall, R. Cameron, C. A. Carr Jun 1988

The Influence Of Thin Clay Layers On The Design And Performance Of A Flexible Cantilever Retaining Wall, R. Cameron, C. A. Carr

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This case study presents the methods that were used successfully to redesign and monitor the performance of a flexible cantilever retaining wall, incorporating an in situ support berm, at a site where thin, weak clay layers were detected in the foundation during construction. A potential mode of failure termed "berm-block sliding", where the retaining wall pushes out the entire support berm as a block along the clay layers, governed the design analysis. Evidence of presheared planes within the clay layers required that the design shear strength parameters be based on residual values. The clay had a significant cohesion component which …

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Table Of Contents, Multiple Authors Jun 1988

Table Of Contents, Multiple Authors

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

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A Geotextile Reinforced Embankment For A Four Lane Divided Highway – U.S. Hwy. 45, West Bend, Wisconsin, B. R. Christopher, A. B. Wagner Jun 1988

A Geotextile Reinforced Embankment For A Four Lane Divided Highway – U.S. Hwy. 45, West Bend, Wisconsin, B. R. Christopher, A. B. Wagner

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Geotextile reinforcement was used to construct an embankment for a four lane divided highway over up to 22 feet of low strength peat. The embankment had heights up to 7 feet. Special field testing and conventional laboratory tests were performed to measure the shear strength and compressibility. Stability analysis indicated that geotextile reinforcement could be used to construct a stable embankment on the peat deposit, provided the geotextile had sufficient strength to prevent rotational shear failure and to limit lateral deformation of the embankment. Construction of the embankment was begun in late summer of 1984. The highway opened for traffic …

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Behaviour Of A Geogrid Reinforced Embankment Over Waste Material, P. Rimoldi, D. Cazzuffi, A. Pagotto Jun 1988

Behaviour Of A Geogrid Reinforced Embankment Over Waste Material, P. Rimoldi, D. Cazzuffi, A. Pagotto

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The paper deals with the monitoring of a geogrid reinforced embankment, 5.0 m high and 600 m long, built to contain additional waste material in the municipal landfill in Modena (Northern Italy). The embankment was founded directly over the waste already placed in the landfill, consisting of' compressible and dishomogeneus material, varying from solid urban waste to muddy industrial material. The geotechnical parameters assumed to characterize the fill soil and the waste material of the foundation soil are described. The settlements of the embankment and the forces and strains in the geogrids were monitored from the beginning of the construction …

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Case Histories Of Foundations With Stone Columns, K. R. Dayte, M. R. Madhav Jun 1988

Case Histories Of Foundations With Stone Columns, K. R. Dayte, M. R. Madhav

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The paper presents case histories of performance of foundations where stone columns were provided, along with relevant data regarding structural systems, soil conditions, construction methods and field control criteria. A wide range of applications are included comprising stone columns for area treatment and stone column in small and large groups for isolated footings, pipe pedestals and bridge abutments. In some of the cases design load exceeded the estimated yield load over a part of the stone column length yet collapse did not occur because the soil stress around the stone column increased as more load was passed on to the …

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Compaction And Chemical Grouting For Drain Tunnels In Phoenix, T. J. Lyman, M. J. Robison, D. S. Lance Jun 1988

Compaction And Chemical Grouting For Drain Tunnels In Phoenix, T. J. Lyman, M. J. Robison, D. S. Lance

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Ground runs during ml.m.ng of the Papago Freeway Drain Tunnels posed significant potential risk to utilities, street pavement, and buildings located above and adjacent to one of the three tunnel alignments. Ground response to the larger ground runs resulted in open chimneys and settlement of the ground surface of up to several feet. Modifications to the tunneling machine included addition of poling plates and breasting boards. Further modification to the tunneling method included use of compaction grouting in conjunction with mining for the entire length of one tunnel alignment, and use of chemical grouting to prestabilize the ground surrounding the …

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Construction Of A Double Tunnel With Ground Windows, Helmut Meissner, Günter Borm Jun 1988

Construction Of A Double Tunnel With Ground Windows, Helmut Meissner, Günter Borm

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A double tunnel of 6.3 m height has been driven in loess underground of low friction and relatively large capillary cohesion. To attain a tunnel climate corresponding to natural underground conditions, earth windows were provided along the side walls of the tunnel. The portal was supported by steel profiles, anchors and a shotcrete layer. The stability of the retaining construction was ensured by two independent methods. A preexcavation of the tunnel was found to be necessary. The works were performed simultaneously with excavation of the hillside facing the portal. The tunnel lining consists of reinforced shotcrete. The bearing behaviour of …

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Deformation Behavior Of Wilford Hall Hospital Mat, Lawrence D. Johnson Jun 1988

Deformation Behavior Of Wilford Hall Hospital Mat, Lawrence D. Johnson

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The vertical deformation behavior of the 3.5-ft thick mat supporting an 11-story addition to the Wilford Hall Hospital complex near San Antonio, Texas was investigated to determine the mode of deformation and to develop a procedure for estimating the effective stiffness of the foundation soil. The observed distortion pattern is dish-shaped and consistent with that of a plate on a semi-infinite elastic foundation. Measured displacements are consistent with displacements calculated by a plate on elastic foundation finite element program using effective elastic soil moduli between 2,943 and 4,000 kips /square foot and poisson's ratio 0.3. An equation was derived for …

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Demonstrating Borehole Drilling Accuracy At The Navajo Dam, Stephen J. Kravits, Hunter C. Harrel Jun 1988

Demonstrating Borehole Drilling Accuracy At The Navajo Dam, Stephen J. Kravits, Hunter C. Harrel

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The U.S. Bureau of Mines recently demonstrated the accurate directional drilling of a near-horizontal borehole with the objective of intercepting a designated target. The project was conducted at the Navajo Dam for the Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Department of the Interior. The Bureau of Reclamation's objective was to determine the feasibility of accurately drilling long near-horizontal boreholes, from the surface, in lieu of constructing a tunnel under an embankment dam from which shorter boreholes would be accurately drilled to control water seepage. As a result of the demonstrated drilling accuracy, the Bureau of Reclamation can consider the option of using …

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Distribution Of Contact Pressure And Stresses Under Skirted Footings, M. L. Ohri, A. Singh, G. R. Chowdhary Jun 1988

Distribution Of Contact Pressure And Stresses Under Skirted Footings, M. L. Ohri, A. Singh, G. R. Chowdhary

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Skirted footings posses many novel characteristics which render them eminently suitable for construction of structures in situations involving heavy loads and poor soil conditions with promise of economy. The results of the present investigations will help considerably to understand a detailed picture of the complex phenomenon of contact pressure distribution and vertical stress distribution in soil under skirted footings.

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Drainage Walling As Excavation Support, Bernhard Wietek Jun 1988

Drainage Walling As Excavation Support, Bernhard Wietek

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

In practice there are different processes which are used to support excavations and to maintain the groundwater level in excavations which go down to this level. In urban areas the diaphragm wall is frequently used to protect the excavation and as underground water packing against groundwater flowing in from the side. In addition, the lowering of groundwater is necessary using a well point within the excavation. A new foundation trench sheeting has been developed by the author of this paper. This new method is an improvement on the diaphragm wall by which not only is the earth shored up, but …

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Dynamic Compaction – An Unusual Application, Byongmu Song, Michel Gambin Jun 1988

Dynamic Compaction – An Unusual Application, Byongmu Song, Michel Gambin

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The site for the U.S. Air Force 750-bed medical contingency complex which is located approximately 10 miles west of Pusan, Korea is geotechnically adverse. Approximately 30 feet of saturated loose fine sand overlies about 180 feet of Pleistocene fluvial and marine sediments. The upper 90 feet of Pleistocene sediments are in a state of under-consolidation, and moisture contents are generally higher than the liquid limits with SPT N values of about three. 30 feet of loose sand was densified by dynamic compaction and the test results indicated that foundation performance satisfied the contract specifications. A considerable economy, in both cost …

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Effectiveness Of Sand Drains In Peaty Soil In A Case Of Differential Settlement Recovering, C. Mastrantuono, A. Tomiolo, E. Arcangeli Jun 1988

Effectiveness Of Sand Drains In Peaty Soil In A Case Of Differential Settlement Recovering, C. Mastrantuono, A. Tomiolo, E. Arcangeli

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The result obtained in a case history of differential settlement recovery are reported. The effectiveness of sand drains in peaty soil is questioned. The importance and the mutual influence of the primary and secondary settlement are discussed. Remarks are made on the value of secondary settlement coefficient.

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Effects Of Collapse Settlement Of Fill On Reinforced Earth Walls, G. E. Blight Jun 1988

Effects Of Collapse Settlement Of Fill On Reinforced Earth Walls, G. E. Blight

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Two case histories illustrate the effects that collapse settlement of the fill forming a Reinforced Earth wall can have on the structure. Pre-requisites for collapse settlement are inadequate compaction, compaction at too low a water content, or a combination of these. Collapse settlement occurs subsequently when the water content of the fill is increased by infiltration. The effects of collapse settlement identified in this paper are: (i) a temporary release of friction on the reinforcing strips with the result that the wall facing moves outwards; and (ii) relative settlement between the fill and the wall facing with the result that …

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Epoxy Resin Grout System For Solutions To Traditional Geotechnical Problems, A. V. Shroff, D. P. Amin, D. L. Shah Jun 1988

Epoxy Resin Grout System For Solutions To Traditional Geotechnical Problems, A. V. Shroff, D. P. Amin, D. L. Shah

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Use of chemicals for foundation treatment and sealing of crack is of recent origin. The aim of this paper is to find time-viscosity and time-strength relationships of epoxy grout system for proper flow mechanism and strength interaction with rock collected from dam sites of India. The bonding mechanism of gel in the injected mass is explained with the help of Scanning electron microscopy and Infra-red spectroscopy. After trial field grouting the stratascopy has revealed better bonds of moist surface with flexibility to accommodate movement before bond or shear failure occurred and had lower volumetric shrinkage during curing.

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Evaluation Of The Effect Of Saturated Silty And Fine Sand Foundation Improved By Vibro-Flotation In Seismic Area, Wang Yuqing, Zhang Weiquan, Qiao Taiping Jun 1988

Evaluation Of The Effect Of Saturated Silty And Fine Sand Foundation Improved By Vibro-Flotation In Seismic Area, Wang Yuqing, Zhang Weiquan, Qiao Taiping

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The improvement of liquefaction foundations in seismic region has been concerning many engineers. The authors had carried out experimental studies on the improvement of saturated silty and fine sand foundations at the suburbs of Beijing by vibroflotation method. The test results are described and the improvement effects are evaluated in this paper.

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Experience In Ground Improvement By Dynamic Compaction And Preloading At Half Moon Bay – Saudi Arabia, N. Ghosh, M. M. Tabba Jun 1988

Experience In Ground Improvement By Dynamic Compaction And Preloading At Half Moon Bay – Saudi Arabia, N. Ghosh, M. M. Tabba

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Ground improvement techniques were used to meet the design requirements for a beach resort complex at Half Moon Bay on the Arabian Gulf. Extensive site exploration revealed upper layers consisting of loose to medium fine sand, having variable silt content. The original specification called for filling and ground improvement using Dynamic Compaction to achieve 100kN/m2 surface bearing capacity and 50% relative density at a depth of 10m. Dynamic Compaction (DC) and subsequent field testing, using full scale loading tests as well as CPT and SPT tests, proved that it was possible to achieve these requirements over most areas using …

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Field Measurement On A Slope Cutting With Tensile Inclusions, Tamotsu Matsui, Ka Ching San, Terumasa Amano, Yoshinori Otani Jun 1988

Field Measurement On A Slope Cutting With Tensile Inclusions, Tamotsu Matsui, Ka Ching San, Terumasa Amano, Yoshinori Otani

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

In a road widening project, tensile inclusions were used to stabilize some parts of cut slope works. The site condition and the construction of reinforced slope cutting are presented. A full scale field test on a reinforced cut slope was performed being incorporated with this road widening project. The field test consisted of a field loading test and a field excavation test. Details of the field test, field measurements and site observation are presented. Finite element analysis of the field test is performed. Based on the field measurements together with the analytical results, the reinforcement mechanism of a reinforced cut …

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Oversteepened Slopes Reinforced With Tensar Geogrid, James E. Laier, Robert M. Mattox Jun 1988

Oversteepened Slopes Reinforced With Tensar Geogrid, James E. Laier, Robert M. Mattox

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper describes geotechnical design concepts used in developing 45-degree and 56-degree embankment slopes to meet strict stability criteria. Typical design sections are presented along with example stability computations to illustrate factors of safety developed under static and rapid drawdown conditions. This paper also discusses pertinent, site specific aspects of construction considered germane to successful, long term performance of oversteepened slopes at this site.

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Performance Of Lpg Storage Tanks On Ground Improved By Stone Columns, E. R. Farrell, T. L. L. Orr, T. O'Donovan Jun 1988

Performance Of Lpg Storage Tanks On Ground Improved By Stone Columns, E. R. Farrell, T. L. L. Orr, T. O'Donovan

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper describes the construction of four large tanks on poor soil conditions consisting of hydraulic fill placed over estuarine silt in Dublin port. The limited differential settlement that could be tolerated by the tanks required that they could not be placed on the existing ground. The optimum solution was found to be ground treatment using vibro-replacement with the formation of stone columns and compaction of the fill. The paper describes the design method used and the control tests. The predicted settlements are compared with settlement readings of the tanks following construction. These show that the chosen solution has performed …

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Progress In The Use Of Natm For The São Paulo Subway, T. B. Celestino, O. A. Ferrari, C. T. Mitsuse, L. C. Domingues Jun 1988

Progress In The Use Of Natm For The São Paulo Subway, T. B. Celestino, O. A. Ferrari, C. T. Mitsuse, L. C. Domingues

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The first time that the New Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM) was used for underground works in the Sao Paulo Subway was in 1981. Since that time, significant progress has been achieved in successfully optimizing the support and lowering the construction costs. This paper will describe the latest experience of two single-track parallel tunnels excavated in 1986 through tertiary stiff clay. All the experience accumulated in previous jobs led to design improvements, such as (1) no steel ribs for support along 72% of the tunnels length (2) no temporary invert, and (3) no spiles, forepoles, soil grouting or any other type …

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Reinforced Soil In The Repair Of Embankment And Cutting Slip Failures, James Paul Jun 1988

Reinforced Soil In The Repair Of Embankment And Cutting Slip Failures, James Paul

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The paper considers the causes of slips in embankments and cuttings and examines the traditional methods of repair and reinstatement. Reinforced soil solutions are examined and compared with the more traditional systems. Following consideration of the structure and properties of a polymer geogrid for use in reinforced soil applications, two case histories are presented. The first involves the repair of a cutting slip in overconsolidated clay in S.E. England. Both the design method and construction system are examined along with indications of relative costs. The second example is a slip in a highway embankment in Sweden where a reinforced soil …

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The Performance Behaviour Of A Grain Silo Foundation In Jeddah Supported On Stone Columns, D. L. Jones, G. J. Macdonald, M. H. Golder Jun 1988

The Performance Behaviour Of A Grain Silo Foundation In Jeddah Supported On Stone Columns, D. L. Jones, G. J. Macdonald, M. H. Golder

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper describes the ground treatment carried out and the subsequent load settlement behaviour of a grain silo in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Predicted performance based on the results of both SPT and cone penetration tests are compared with actual behaviour. The prediction based on the SPT results is poor, with the cone penetration analyses giving a significant improvement. A knowledge of cone resistance and hence modulus values for the full depth of influence of the silo would have further refined the prediction.

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