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Articles 3601 - 3630 of 4582

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

The Loma Prieta Earthquake: Implications Of Structural Damage, S. A. Mahin Mar 1991

The Loma Prieta Earthquake: Implications Of Structural Damage, S. A. Mahin

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The Loma Prieta earthquake provides a wealth of information on the seismic response of a wide variety of structures over a large metropolitan area. Soil amplification at sites distant from the epicenter contributed significantly to the substantial damages developed during the earthquake. Because of the large shaken area, the earthquake provides much useful information for all those interested in earthquake engineering. Structural damages resulting from the earthquake are reviewed herein with emphasis on buildings and bridges. Implications for modern design and retrofit methods are highlighted. Emphasis is placed on the need to carefully consider soil conditions, to treat the structure …

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A Study On Pile Forces Of A Pile Group In Layered Soil Under Seismic Loadings, Hasegawa Masayuki, Nakal Shoichi Mar 1991

A Study On Pile Forces Of A Pile Group In Layered Soil Under Seismic Loadings, Hasegawa Masayuki, Nakal Shoichi

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Characteristics of pile forces under seismic loadings are discussed from view points of the inertial interaction due to the mass effect of a superstructure and the kinematic interaction due to the resistance effect of piles against soil motions. A typical building supported on a pile group embedded in a layered soil, which has two- and four layer profiles, is chosen for studying the pile forces which imply the shearing force and bending moment. The earthquake response analysis is performed in accordance with the substructure method, in which the group effect of piles in the layered soil is appropriately included by …

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Characteristics Of Vertical Ground Motions Recorded During The Lorna Prieta Earthquake, Marshall Lew Mar 1991

Characteristics Of Vertical Ground Motions Recorded During The Lorna Prieta Earthquake, Marshall Lew

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A study of a limited number of vertical ground motion acceleration-time histories recorded during the Loma Prieta earthquake of October 17, 1989 has been made. It has been found that maximum vertical ground motions may be greater than the horizontal ground motions in the near vicinity of the fault rupture zone. The limited records suggest that there is more spectral energy at very short structural periods in the vertical ground motions as compared with the horizontal ground motions. At longer periods, the vertical energy is significantly less, however, there is an increasing trend for very long structural periods.

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Considerations To Damage Patterns In The Marina District During The Loma Prieta Earthquake Based On Rayleigh Wave Investigation, Kohji Tokimatsu, Shoei Nomura, Shinichi Kuwayama, Shuji Tamura, Akio Abe Mar 1991

Considerations To Damage Patterns In The Marina District During The Loma Prieta Earthquake Based On Rayleigh Wave Investigation, Kohji Tokimatsu, Shoei Nomura, Shinichi Kuwayama, Shuji Tamura, Akio Abe

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Rayleigh wave investigation is made in the Marina District to study geotechnical factors controlling the damage patterns in the Loma Prieta earthquake. A portable system has been developed for determining a Rayleigh wave dispersion curve based on the measurements of artificially induced ground vibration or microtremor. Five sites are selected along a line crossing the hydraulic fill zone in which structures and/or buried utilities were significantly damaged. An inverse analysis on the measured dispersion curves results in a cross section of shear wave velocity profiles in the District. Site amplification and liquefaction potential of each site are estimated and discussed …

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Contributed Papers: Discussions And Replies, T. Kagawa Mar 1991

Contributed Papers: Discussions And Replies, T. Kagawa

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Ground Motion Characteristics Of The San Francisco Bay Area Detected By Microtremor Measurements, T. Ohmachi, Y. Nakamura, T. Toshinawa Mar 1991

Ground Motion Characteristics Of The San Francisco Bay Area Detected By Microtremor Measurements, T. Ohmachi, Y. Nakamura, T. Toshinawa

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Microtremor measurement was done mainly in the damaged areas in San Francisco and Oakland after the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. The observation areas were (1) the Marina District, (2) Cypress Street, (3) the Embarcadero, and (4) South of Market District. Predominant frequency (Fp) and amplification factor (Ap) obtained from a spectral ratio between horizontal and vertical components were evaluated for each observation cite. Difference in the degree of damage in the areas (1) and (4) was coincident with difference in Ap and Fp. Significant difference could not be found in Ap and Fp between the areas (2) and (3).

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Investigation Of Sanitary Landfill Slope Performance During Strong Ground Motion From The Loma Prieta Earthquake Of October 17, 1989, Mervin E. Johnson, Joan Lundy, Marshall Lew, Monte E. Ray Mar 1991

Investigation Of Sanitary Landfill Slope Performance During Strong Ground Motion From The Loma Prieta Earthquake Of October 17, 1989, Mervin E. Johnson, Joan Lundy, Marshall Lew, Monte E. Ray

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper evaluates the performance of landfill slopes (refuse fill slopes) during strong ground motion from the October 17, 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake (M7.1) that affected the Santa Cruz Mountains - San Francisco Bay region. The earthquake's occurrence in a highly populated area that contains the waste disposal sites for this large population offered a unique opportunity to review the performance of slopes on the landfills. Current state and federal regulations require the analysis of stability of landfills under seismic loading. To date, these evaluations have relied on gross simplified assumptions. This paper examines whether these assumptions are reasonably correct. …

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Liquefaction And Surface Settlement In The Marina District, D. Rosidi, W. B. Wigginton Mar 1991

Liquefaction And Surface Settlement In The Marina District, D. Rosidi, W. B. Wigginton

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper evaluates the liquefaction potential of sands within the Marina District. Three types of underlying potentially liquefiable soil deposits are studied: (A) Hydraulic fill, (B) Artificial fill, and (C) Strawberry Island and other modern beach deposits. A liquefaction analysis for each of these deposits is conducted. It is suggested that a Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) of approximately 0.1g is needed in the Marina District to initiate liquefaction. Relations between PGA and thickness of liquefiable soil, as well as potential surface settlement are presented. These relationships are useful for the study of expected performance of the Marina District in future …

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On The Site Amplification Characteristics In San Francisco Bay Region Due To The 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake Type Loadings, Kesuke Baba, Yutaka Inoue, Takashi Nishigaki Mar 1991

On The Site Amplification Characteristics In San Francisco Bay Region Due To The 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake Type Loadings, Kesuke Baba, Yutaka Inoue, Takashi Nishigaki

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A large earthquake occurred in the Santa Cruz mountains, California, on 17 October 1989, and many structures and facilities in the San Francisco Bay region suffered fatal damage from the seismic motion. In order to evaluate the ground amplification characteristics in the region, the practical method of representing the seismic wave field may be necessary. This paper is concerned with a theoretical analysis and numerical evaluation based on the wave propagation theory to find the dynamic characteristics of the slightly sedimental basin around the San Francisco Bay due to the Loma Prieta earthquake type excitations. Numerical examples of this system …

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Sanitary Landfill Performance During The Loma Prieta Earthquake, Dennis Buranek, Sangeeta Prasad Mar 1991

Sanitary Landfill Performance During The Loma Prieta Earthquake, Dennis Buranek, Sangeeta Prasad

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The October 17, 1989, Loma Prieta earthquake subjected a number of solid waste or sanitary landfills to significant shaking. The performance of sanitary landfills during large earthquakes is of great interest to the public, state and federal agencies, and the landfill owners. The observed performance of six sanitary landfills located within the Lorna Prieta earthquake damage zone is compared with the performance predicted by a commonly used deformation analysis technique. The six landfills were inspected immediately after the October 17, 1989, magnitude 7.1 earthquake. Damage and evidence of slope movement, or lack thereof, was recorded. The mean peak ground accelerations …

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Seismic Design Basis — The Uk Regulatory Position For New Nuclear Reactors, C. M. Patchett, R. J. Stubbs Mar 1991

Seismic Design Basis — The Uk Regulatory Position For New Nuclear Reactors, C. M. Patchett, R. J. Stubbs

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The purpose of this paper is to outline the seismic regulatory requirements relating to the site licensing of new nuclear power installations in the UK, and to describe the background and justification of the seismic design basis level for such installations. It outlines the potential seismic related hazards which should be covered, the factors which are considered important in establishing the level of hazard under consideration, and the techniques which could be used for hazard evaluation. In addition, the paper covers the level of uncertainty associated with the methodology and analytical techniques used in evaluating the seismic hazards.

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Site Effects In The Loma Prieta Earthquake And Comparison With An Earthquake Intensity Prediction Method, Hatukazu Mizuno, Akio Abe Mar 1991

Site Effects In The Loma Prieta Earthquake And Comparison With An Earthquake Intensity Prediction Method, Hatukazu Mizuno, Akio Abe

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Strong motion records of the Loma Prieta Earthquake of October, 17, 1989 have been analyzed in comparison with epicentral distances and types of soil deposits, and site effects and attenuation relations have been studied. Site effects are significantly recognized in the earthquake, as usually found in Japanese earthquakes. And validity of the U.S. seismic intensity prediction method that Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) adopted to prepare some earthquake preparedness maps has been examined on the basis of the Loma Prieta Earthquake data. Finally, soil damping of San Francisco Bay Area has been evaluated from the strong motion records.

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The Liquefaction Sand Boils In The San Francisco Marina District During The 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake, J. P. Bardet, M. Kapuskar Mar 1991

The Liquefaction Sand Boils In The San Francisco Marina District During The 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake, J. P. Bardet, M. Kapuskar

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The paper presents and analyzes the observations of the sand boils that emerged in the Marina District after the Loma Prieta Earthquake of October 17, 1989. The sand boils left behind by liquefaction revealed an old lagoon, the periphery of which had experienced severe damage in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. The buildings in the Marina District were damaged primarily as the liquefied ground spread laterally along the shoreline of the 1906 lagoon that was filled to host the 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco. The present work infers that the sand boils are not random phenomena but instrumental …

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Centrifuge Modeling For Dynamic Geotechnical Studies, R. S. Steedman Mar 1991

Centrifuge Modeling For Dynamic Geotechnical Studies, R. S. Steedman

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The field of dynamic centrifuge modelling has developed rapidly over the past decade, with international interest in both earthquake and blast modelling. The paper discusses the proliferation of facilities and the insight that can be gained from the interpretation of dynamic model test data now available using hand calculations and advanced techniques of digital signal processing.

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Constitutive Modelling Of Soils And Computation Of Earthquake Damage And Liquefaction, O. C. Zienkiewicz, M. Pastor, Y. M. Xie Mar 1991

Constitutive Modelling Of Soils And Computation Of Earthquake Damage And Liquefaction, O. C. Zienkiewicz, M. Pastor, Y. M. Xie

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

For realistic modelling oi deformation and collapse of soil structures, an accurate constitutive model for the soil materials is necessary. In this paper we shall show i) how such very successful models can be obtained by the use of generalized plasticity theory; ii) the modification of such models for semi-saturated behavior; and finally iii) How incorporation of such models into a two phase computer program allows the solution of complex problems. A possible mode of failure of the San Fernando dam is included. This paper is divided into three parts according to the above.

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Earthquake Geotechnology In Offshore Structures, R. G. Bea Mar 1991

Earthquake Geotechnology In Offshore Structures, R. G. Bea

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Current developments in earthquake geotechnology in offshore structures are summarized. These developments include measurements of sea floor and platform motions induced by earthquakes and analyses of platform structure and foundation systems. Results from these recent developments are illustrated.

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Field And Laboratory Determination Of Soil Properties At Low And High Strains, R. D. Woods Mar 1991

Field And Laboratory Determination Of Soil Properties At Low And High Strains, R. D. Woods

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Over the past quarter century many testing methods have been used to determine soil properties for dynamic analysis. Most methods had been established by the time of the writer's review (Woods, 1978), and since then, changes have been mostly evolutionary. Many field and laboratory techniques are represented in papers submitted to this conference and these are reviewed, but additional citations from literature in the intervening years has been included for completeness. No claim is made that all pertinent literature is included, but that most methods of field and laboratory testing methods are covered with representative citations.

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Flow Failure Of Liquefied Sand In Large-Scale Shaking Tables, Kenji Ishihara, Mikio Takeuchi Mar 1991

Flow Failure Of Liquefied Sand In Large-Scale Shaking Tables, Kenji Ishihara, Mikio Takeuchi

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Laboratory studies on flow failure in liquefied sand deposits using large-scale shaking tables are briefly introduced, together with a case study on the lateral deformation in the field. The key parameters influencing the occurrence of flow-type deformation are discussed in an effort to figure out a mechanism or scenario of the flow failure. In one series of the laboratory studies, shaking table tests were performed to examine the effectiveness of a preventive measure against the flow slide. This aspect is also discussed briefly.

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Piles Under Dynamic Loads, M. Novak Mar 1991

Piles Under Dynamic Loads, M. Novak

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The paper deals with some of the more recent developments in pile dynamics. It reviews the progress in the analysis of single piles and pile groups, field as well as laboratory experiments and soil-pile-structure interaction. The influence of pile-soil interface is discussed and extensive references are given.

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Seismic Amplification In The Presence Of Geological And Topographic Irregularities, E. Faccioli Mar 1991

Seismic Amplification In The Presence Of Geological And Topographic Irregularities, E. Faccioli

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Following some introductory remarks on the key aspects of seismic site effects evaluation and on new data of special interest from recent earthquakes, the first part of the paper discusses and compares the performance of numerical 2D and 1D models, as well as of simple exact solutions, in problems of local soil response and of topographic amplification. The second part is devoted to the illustration of a very promising computational tool, i.e. the Fourier (or pseudo spectral) method, for time-domain analyses of seismic wave propagation in heterogeneous elastic media.

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Earthquake Probabilities On The New Madrid Fault And The Impact Of Loma Prieta On Central U.S. Earthquake Preparedness, David Stewart Mar 1991

Earthquake Probabilities On The New Madrid Fault And The Impact Of Loma Prieta On Central U.S. Earthquake Preparedness, David Stewart

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Reliable probabilities of future damaging earthquakes in the New Madrid Fault Zone for purposes of mitigation and response planning are not available, even though considerable thought and research has gone into this question. Generalizations sufficient for pre-earthquake planning do exist, however, which suggest the need to prepare for at least a 50% chance of a 6.0 surface wave magnitude event within a decade, but that a repeat of the massive 8.0 magnitude events of 1811-12 need not be of concern for at least another century or two. The Loma Prieta was a significant stimulus toward greater earthquake planning and preparation …

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Fault Processes And Liquefaction In The Marine Environment, Ronald C. Chaney Mar 1991

Fault Processes And Liquefaction In The Marine Environment, Ronald C. Chaney

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Panel Reports: Discussions, Multiple Authors Mar 1991

Panel Reports: Discussions, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Soil-Pile Interaction Model For Earthquake Response Analysis Of Offshore Pile Foundations, Toyoaki Nogami Mar 1991

Soil-Pile Interaction Model For Earthquake Response Analysis Of Offshore Pile Foundations, Toyoaki Nogami

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Second International Conferences On Recent Advances On In Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering And Soil Dynamics, Multiple Authors Mar 1991

Second International Conferences On Recent Advances On In Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering And Soil Dynamics, Multiple Authors

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

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Past Proceedings: Second International Conference On Recent Advances In Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering And Soil Dynamics, St. Louis (1991), Multiple Authors Mar 1991

Past Proceedings: Second International Conference On Recent Advances In Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering And Soil Dynamics, St. Louis (1991), Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Table Of Contents, Multiple Authors Mar 1991

Table Of Contents, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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An Estimation Of Dynamic Properties Of Soils From Block Vibration Tests, V. D. Miglani Mar 1991

An Estimation Of Dynamic Properties Of Soils From Block Vibration Tests, V. D. Miglani

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The paper presents departures that have to be made in the conduct of block vibration tests from the standard method and in the analysis of test data under unusual conditions. Disturbed soil condition under an edge of the block leads to occurrence of double peaks in amplitude versus frequency curves from vertical vibration test. Two methods have been devised to analyze such double peaks. The first method assumes a correlation between dynamic coefficients. The dynamic properties can be predicted from non-dimensional curves of correction factor versus ratio of effective base area. The second method assumes linear variation of coefficient of …

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Behavior Of A Geosynthetic Reinforced Sand, H. C. Liu, N. Y. Chang Mar 1991

Behavior Of A Geosynthetic Reinforced Sand, H. C. Liu, N. Y. Chang

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The method of geosynthetic reinforced earth incorporates a flexible but tension resistant synthetic material in soil to increase the tensile resistance of the composite. In this study, both static and dynamic responses of an Ottawa 30-40 sand reinforced with a nonwoven geosynthet1c, Bidim C-34, were investigated. Static triaxial tests were first conducted to examine the influence of the reinforcement on strength, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio of the composite soil. Cyclic triaxial tests and resonant column tests were then conducted to examine the variation of shear modulus and damping ratio at different strain amplitudes. The influence of geosynthetic on both …

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Session 1: Closing Remarks, M. Pastor Mar 1991

Session 1: Closing Remarks, M. Pastor

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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