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Articles 3541 - 3570 of 4582

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Effects Of Earthquake Induced Liquefaction Of Sediments Stored Behind Concrete Dams, Peter M. Byrne, Li Yan, T. Srithar Mar 1991

Effects Of Earthquake Induced Liquefaction Of Sediments Stored Behind Concrete Dams, Peter M. Byrne, Li Yan, T. Srithar

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Earthquake induced liquefaction of sediment stored behind dams can give rise to high uplift pressures which could endanger their safety. The uplift pressures depend upon the permeability and compressibility of both the sediment and the foundation and are controlled by Biot's equation. Uplift pressures are computed for a single dam and foundation with a range of properties. The results show that for the conditions analyzed, the uplift pressures are largely controlled by the foundation permeability with the largest uplift pressures occurring for the highest foundation permeability. The possibility of liquefied sediment flowing into fissures in the foundation rock is also …

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Inelastic Seismic Response Of San Fernando And Santa Felicia Dams, Elsa Stara-Gazetas, Ricardo Dobry Mar 1991

Inelastic Seismic Response Of San Fernando And Santa Felicia Dams, Elsa Stara-Gazetas, Ricardo Dobry

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A simplified method of inelastic seismic analysis of earth dams developed by the authors is used to study the response of the San Fernando and Santa Felicia dams to accelerograms recorded in the 1971 San Fernando Earthquake. The method involves two separate stages. In stage I, the dam is discretized into finite elements and is subjected to horizontal static inertia-like forces; its nonlinear deformation is computed using a plane strain code, while the applied horizontal forces are gradually increased until large enough strains develop in most elements of the dam. The results of this analysis are utilized to derive realistic …

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Measured And Calculated Dynamic Response Of Rock-Fill Dam, Lelio H. Mejia, Katherine Fung, David W. Sykora, Joseph P. Koester, Mary E. Hynes Mar 1991

Measured And Calculated Dynamic Response Of Rock-Fill Dam, Lelio H. Mejia, Katherine Fung, David W. Sykora, Joseph P. Koester, Mary E. Hynes

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers recently completed a seismic stability assessment of the Ririe Darn and Reservoir Project located near Idaho Falls, Idaho. Ririe Darn is an earth- and rockfill darn with a central impervious core constructed between 1966 and 1975 in a narrow canyon of Willow Creek. A geologic and seismologic study indicated that the controlling maximum credible earthquake (MCE} is a Magnitude 7.5 earthquake at a distance of 8 km from the darn. The seismic stability analysis included a dynamic response analysis of the darn using two-dimensional finite element procedures. Empirical relations derived from the observed response …

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One- And Two-Dimensional Analysis Of Earth Dams, D. J. Elton, C. F. Shie, T. Hadj-Hamou Mar 1991

One- And Two-Dimensional Analysis Of Earth Dams, D. J. Elton, C. F. Shie, T. Hadj-Hamou

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Earth dams may experience reduction in shear strength due to seismically induced pore pressures. Such reduction may be large enough to result in large deformations and eventual loss of the reservoir. While the analysis of embankment dams subject to earthquake loading is a complicated process, it is required for evaluation of seismic stability. In particular, the possibility of liquefaction in older, hydraulically-filled or otherwise poorly compacted dams during earthquakes presents a threat that must be addressed. This paper compares two methods of calculating the peak dynamic shear stress (critical to liquefaction evaluation) that occurs in an embankment during an earthquake. …

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Response Of Earth Dams In Canyons Subjected To Asynchronous Base Excitation, Panos Dakoulas, Humayun Hashmi Mar 1991

Response Of Earth Dams In Canyons Subjected To Asynchronous Base Excitation, Panos Dakoulas, Humayun Hashmi

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A mathematical solution is presented for steady-state lateral response of earth and rock fill dams in canyons subjected to asynchronous excitation consisting of obliquely incident SH waves. The dam is idealized with a 2-dimensional shear wedge and the canyon is considered rectangular and consisting of flexible rock. A parametric study is undertaken to investigate the influence of (a) the angle of incidence, (b) the impedance ratio and (c) the canyon narrowness on the steady-state response, by considering in a simplifying way the effects of the dam-canyon interaction. The results demonstrate that the above factors may have a significant effect on …

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Seismic Stability Of Hillslopes In Greater Cincinnati Area, M. Zoghi, A. Bodocsi Mar 1991

Seismic Stability Of Hillslopes In Greater Cincinnati Area, M. Zoghi, A. Bodocsi

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Slope stability problems involving colluvia on shale bedrock are common in the Greater Cincinnati Area. The behavior of these hillslopes during earthquakes is, however, not known. This gives cause to speculation whether they are vulnerable to earthquake vibrations. In order to verify the response of these slopes to earthquake induced ground motions, representative composite clay shale samples obtained from a typical colluvial hillside in Cincinnati were tested in a cyclic direct shear apparatus which was attached to a load cell from the MTS piston actuator. The samples were initially consolidated under a selected normal pressure and then sheared until residual …

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Stability Analyses In The Ports Of Long Beach And Los Angeles, Allen M. Yourman Jr., Gerald M. Diaz Mar 1991

Stability Analyses In The Ports Of Long Beach And Los Angeles, Allen M. Yourman Jr., Gerald M. Diaz

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The combined Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach (Ports) have experienced extensive growth over the last three decades. A main feature of the expansions is the creation of new land by placing hydraulic fill behind rock retention dikes. This paper presents an overview of the recent history and state of practice of slope stability analyses performed for projects related to the expansion of the Ports. The geologic and seismic setting and typical soil conditions are also described. This paper is based on a review of geotechnical reports prepared for projects in both Ports and selected published papers. The various …

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Attenuation Laws Considering M And R Uncertainties, Sun-Rong Huo, Yuxian Hu Mar 1991

Attenuation Laws Considering M And R Uncertainties, Sun-Rong Huo, Yuxian Hu

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Accounting for the measuring errors or uncertainties of magnitude and distance in addition to ground motion, the attenuation laws for peak horizontal ground acceleration (PGA), velocity(PGV). And displacement (PGD) are studied with a weighted consistent least-square regressional method (WCLSRM) proposed by the authors to obtain the functional relation among several random variables (R.V.). The saturation of ground motions near epicenter with respect to both magnitude and distance is also emphasized in the models. The result is that the scaling factors for distance and the linear term of magnitude in the attenuation relations regressed by the suggested method are about 16 …

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Bem-Fem Hybrid Analysis For Topographical Site Response Characteristics, Hirokazu Takemiya, Masaki Ono, Kiyotaka Suda Mar 1991

Bem-Fem Hybrid Analysis For Topographical Site Response Characteristics, Hirokazu Takemiya, Masaki Ono, Kiyotaka Suda

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper concerns an amplification of seismic ground motions by a certainly shaped surface soil deposits in view of its topographical configuration. Different hybrid methods of the boundary element method (BEM) and the finite element method (FEM) are used for the two-dimensional (2- D) analysis. In the analysis, the far field impedance is first evaluated by BEM then it is incorporated into the near field FEM analysis based on the weighted residual method. The steady state responses for different types of harmonic incident waves are investigated. Some useful findings are pointed out in comparison with the one-dimensional (1-D) results.

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Dynamical Behavior Of A Slightly Alluvial Basin Due To Concentrated Turbulence, Takashi Nishigaki, Kensuke Baba Mar 1991

Dynamical Behavior Of A Slightly Alluvial Basin Due To Concentrated Turbulence, Takashi Nishigaki, Kensuke Baba

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper is concerned with theoretical analyses and numerical evaluations based on the wave propagation theory to find dynamic characteristics of an alluvial basin locally situated on a half spatial bedrock due to concentrated loadings on the free surface. The method presented herein is derived from the Aki and Larner's method by releasing the assumption of the repeated irregularities, so that the wave field having localized irregularities can be evaluated. The numerical analyses show that the amplification effects are obvious on the free surface inside the alluvial sediment and the subsurface structure influences the seismic behavior observed on the surface.

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Effect Of Local Soil Stratigraphy On Microtremor Measurements, George Bouckovalas, Ioanna Krikeli Mar 1991

Effect Of Local Soil Stratigraphy On Microtremor Measurements, George Bouckovalas, Ioanna Krikeli

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The method of microtremors has been recently applied for the microzonation of the town of alamata, in southern Greece. Results from this study are evaluated in comparison with predictions of seismic ground response obtained by 1-D wave propagation analyses. Predominant periods of microtremor are considerably lower than estimated fundamental ground periods. It is shown that a small part of the observed differences in due to soil non-linearity in connection with the small strain amplitudes induced by microtremors. The largest part appears to be due to geologic factors, namely the existence of rigid soil layers within the soft soil above the …

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Effects Of Local Soil Conditions In The 1986 Kalamata Earthquakes, George A. Athanasopoulos Mar 1991

Effects Of Local Soil Conditions In The 1986 Kalamata Earthquakes, George A. Athanasopoulos

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Seismic ground response analyses and simplified determinations of fundamental periods of soil profiles were conducted for nine sites of the Greek coastal city of Kalamata which was struck by two destructive small epicentral distance earthquakes in September of 1986. The response analyses were performed by using the computer program LUSH here as the fundamental periods were determined by applying simplified methods suggested in recent literature. The dynamic soil properties needed in all calculations were obtained by in-situ and laboratory testing. The results of all analyses showed differentiation of response from site to site in terms of both frequency content and …

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Evaluation Of Soil Amplification At Smart1 Array, Taiwan, Mansour Niazi Mar 1991

Evaluation Of Soil Amplification At Smart1 Array, Taiwan, Mansour Niazi

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In a recent compilation and analysis of nearly 750 accelerograms, we studied six pairs of triaxial accelerograms recorded digitally at two neighboring sites underlain by rock and soil, respectively. The distance between the two sites, both located south of the SMART1 array in northeast Taiwan, is approximately 2 km. The epicentral distances are less than 80 km. For each component, we computed the ratios of peak and spectral amplitudes recorded at the soil site to that of the rock site, for three peak parameters and 23 spectral ordinates. The mean estimates of the soil amplification for the peak parameters range …

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Session 8: Opening Remarks, Ricardo Dobry Mar 1991

Session 8: Opening Remarks, Ricardo Dobry

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Pseudo- Three-Dimensional Analysis Of Cyclic Deformation Of Ground Subject To Seismic Liquefaction, Ikuo Towhata, M. D. Shafiqui Islam Mar 1991

Pseudo- Three-Dimensional Analysis Of Cyclic Deformation Of Ground Subject To Seismic Liquefaction, Ikuo Towhata, M. D. Shafiqui Islam

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A Numerical tool was developed to evaluate the effects of differential movement which occurs at the ground surface during earthquakes. A special emphasis is placed on liquefaction of subsoils. A complicated three-dimensional analysis was avoided by using a pseudo-three-dimensional method of finite element analysis which runs on an element mesh of the ground surface topography as seen from the sky. The present analysis takes into account the nonlinear stress-strain behavior of soils, the ground softening due to pore pressure development, and the irregularity in the topography. The proposed method was applied to several cases in which buried pipelines were damaged …

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Seismic Response Of Deep Soil Profiles In The New Madrid Seismic Zone, William E. Manrod Iii, James E. Beavers, M. Joe Hunt Mar 1991

Seismic Response Of Deep Soil Profiles In The New Madrid Seismic Zone, William E. Manrod Iii, James E. Beavers, M. Joe Hunt

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Geotechnical and geophysical investigations are being performed at a site which is located within 60 km of the epicenter of the 8.7 magnitude New Madrid February 7, 1812 earthquake. The exploration is being performed to determine the seismic response of the soil profile and to evaluate the liquefaction potential of the site. Permanent downhole instrumentation for seismic monitoring will be installed.

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General Report Session 9: Seismology: Predicting Strong Ground Motion For Design, Pierre-Yves Bard Mar 1991

General Report Session 9: Seismology: Predicting Strong Ground Motion For Design, Pierre-Yves Bard

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The 14 papers of the session may be divided (somewhat artificially, of course) in three main subgroups: - a significant number (5) deal with the whole process of predicting strong ground motion for design, starting from geological / tectonic considerations and ending at a quantitative estimate of some ground motion parameters (peak acceleration, response spectrum,. .. ), either on a regional or national scale for zoning purposes (9.17, 9.24), or at a specific site for the design of some specific structures (papers 9.10, 9.13), or finally from a methodological point of view ( 9.13, 9.24, 9.26). - the 7 papers …

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Session 8: Co-Chairman's Report, John G. Anderson Mar 1991

Session 8: Co-Chairman's Report, John G. Anderson

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Site Amplification Effects In The Ubaye Valley (France): Measurements And Modeling, Denis Jongmans, Michel Campillo Mar 1991

Site Amplification Effects In The Ubaye Valley (France): Measurements And Modeling, Denis Jongmans, Michel Campillo

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Local soil conditions can yield to significant variations in ground motion generated by earthquakes. During the last two decades, these amplification effects have been observed by numerous authors for well-documented earthquakes. On the other hand, theoretical models and numerical techniques have been proposed to physically understand site effects. However, few comparisons have been made between observations and theoretical results for well-known 2D structures (sediment-filled valleys). The aim of this paper is to present a study of the response of a valley in the French Alps. The structure (Ubaye valley) was chosen for its moderate dimensions (500 meters wide and 65 …

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Soil Amplification Based On Array Observation In Chiba, Japan, Lin Lu, Tsuneo Katayama, Fumio Yamazaki Mar 1991

Soil Amplification Based On Array Observation In Chiba, Japan, Lin Lu, Tsuneo Katayama, Fumio Yamazaki

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The amplification characteristics of earthquake ground motion were investigated based on the Chiba Array observation records. The amplification of peak acceleration occurred mostly at the top soft layer and is similar for the three ground motion components. The ensemble Fourier spectrum ratio and coherence function were calculated and the amplification can be clearly seen in them. The drop of the coherence function at natural frequencies was discussed. The Fourier spectrum ratio and coherence function were also obtained using the smoothing procedure and were compared with those of the ensemble. Microtremor was measured at 11 points corresponding to the location of …

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General Report Session 8: Soil Amplification During Earthquakes And Microzonation, J. Carl Stepp Mar 1991

General Report Session 8: Soil Amplification During Earthquakes And Microzonation, J. Carl Stepp

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Study Of Site Response At Memphis Due To A Large New Madrid Earthquake, Shahid Ahmad, Hemand Desai, Elsa Stara-Gazetas Mar 1991

Study Of Site Response At Memphis Due To A Large New Madrid Earthquake, Shahid Ahmad, Hemand Desai, Elsa Stara-Gazetas

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The influence of geological and geotechnical factors on potential ground motions in Memphis due to a 65km distant hypothetical M=7 New Madrid earthquake has been investigated. From the study of the seismotectonic environment and the seismicity of the region, the characteristics of the "design earthquake" are selected. A seismological model of the radiation/attenuation of the earthquake source and of the generated waves is used to generate synthetic bedrock ("hard rock") accelerograms, which are then propagated through a deep deposit of "soft-rock" to obtain input base excitations for the near-surface soil profiles. A representative soil profile for Memphis is selected from …

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A Novel Method For Synthesizing Acceleration Time History With Consideration Of Earthquake Environment, He Yang Mar 1991

A Novel Method For Synthesizing Acceleration Time History With Consideration Of Earthquake Environment, He Yang

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A new method for generating earthquake time histories compatible with the rock response spectrum as the result of seismic hazard analysis will be presented in this paper. It is suggested that the base bank, which is composed of recorded ground motions with different response spectrum characteristics, should be used to select the initial solution. And then, modifying it iteratively to match the target spectrum. In this way, the earthquake environment could be considered.

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Application Of Fuzzy Set Theory In Option Of Response Spectra, Zhou Xiyuan, Su Jingyu Mar 1991

Application Of Fuzzy Set Theory In Option Of Response Spectra, Zhou Xiyuan, Su Jingyu

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In order to consider the fuzziness of seismic intensity indecated by zoning map and seismic code in seismic design of structure, an innovative method in option of design spectrum in consideration of fuzziness of regional seismic hazard and site condition is presented herein. The solution of the problem can be divided into two steps: 1. to define and establish a fuzzy set for predicting and judging regional seismic hazard and site condition by applying fuzzy mathematics; 2. further to find out fuzzy vector of design spectrum depending on the fuzzy set of regional seismic hazard and site condition by applying …

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Session 9: Discussions And Replies, Multiple Authors Mar 1991

Session 9: Discussions And Replies, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Earthquake Damage Done At Right Angles To Epicentral Direction, Makoto Nasu Mar 1991

Earthquake Damage Done At Right Angles To Epicentral Direction, Makoto Nasu

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In order to make clear the structures of grounds which are liable to induce earthquake damage, the relations between seismic deformation of various objects and the structures of the grounds under them, and the intersectional angles between the epicentral direction and their longitudinal axes and between the epicentral direction and the deformational directions have been investigated on the basis of many examples of such damage. Various objects such as embankments on heterogeneous grounds, for example, grounds including inclined soft soil layer or made of soft soil layer with inclined bottom, or various objects straddling soft and hard grounds, are Liable …

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Fault Induced Ground Deformations And Their Effect On Structures, Luis E. Vallejo, Mahiru Shettima Mar 1991

Fault Induced Ground Deformations And Their Effect On Structures, Luis E. Vallejo, Mahiru Shettima

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In the United States and in many other regions of the world, structures such as earth dams are built in areas very close to strike-slip faults. For the safe design of these and other types of structures, geotechnical engineers need a reliable estimate of the ground deformations that fault movement will induce at the site of the proposed structures. In this study, the vertical ground deformations induced by the movement of one strike-slip fault segment is estimated with the use of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) theory. The ground deformations estimated using this theory and the deformations experienced by the …

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Geological And Seismicity Evaluation Of Srinagarind Dam, S. Klaipongpan, V. Chakramanont, J. Pinrode, P. Chittrakarn Mar 1991

Geological And Seismicity Evaluation Of Srinagarind Dam, S. Klaipongpan, V. Chakramanont, J. Pinrode, P. Chittrakarn

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In April of 198 3, a sequence of earthquakes were recorded by the National Seismic Network where the epicenters were located in the upper reaches of the Srinagarind Reservoir. A detailed evaluation of these earthquakes has been initiated since that time. Network of micro seismic instruments have also been installed in the region in order to establish the capability of higher resolution for seismic parameters and allow the greater understanding of the mechanism of the activity. After seven years of monitoring and data collecting, analyses of the results have been performed. Results obtained from the evaluation of overall characteristic seismicity, …

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Guerrero Accelerograph Array: Status And Selected Results, J. G. Anderson, A. Mendez, R. Quaas, J. N. Humphrey, R. Castro, S. K. Singh Mar 1991

Guerrero Accelerograph Array: Status And Selected Results, J. G. Anderson, A. Mendez, R. Quaas, J. N. Humphrey, R. Castro, S. K. Singh

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper summarizes the history and rational for installation of the Guerrero accelerograph array. The array is producing unprecedented quantities of high quality digital strong motion data. Recent research using the array data has included studies on attenuation, site effects, scaling of spectra with magnitude, the ratio of vertical to horizontal accelerations, and the source of the September 19, 1985 earthquake.

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Prediction Of Characteristics Of Surface Wave For Earthquake Resistant Design, S. Nakamura, I. Suetomi Mar 1991

Prediction Of Characteristics Of Surface Wave For Earthquake Resistant Design, S. Nakamura, I. Suetomi

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Surface waves are not considered directly in the current earthquake resistant design code of the underground lineal structure, because a method for estimating the surface wave as input motion is not established. A procedure for calculating the expected value of peak ground displacement from bedrock motion is presented in this paper; the bedrock motion is converted to Love Nave spectra by the method proposed by the authors, and Love wave spectra is converted to peak ground displacement by the method proposed newly in this paper. Input motions of the underground transmission line is estimated as an example case to compare …

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