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Geotechnical Engineering

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Articles 3301 - 3330 of 4582

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Eccentric Loading Of Helical PiersTm For Underpinning, Gary Seider Jun 1993

Eccentric Loading Of Helical PiersTm For Underpinning, Gary Seider

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Over the last six years, Helical Piers have been utilized as compression members in the remedial repair of residential and light commercial structures. Current installation techniques create a small offset between the pier shaft and the grade beam or footing being underpinned. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the eccentric load that is applied to the top of the shaft on the Helical Pier. Three different sizes of piers were installed at a building site where the soil is predominantly clay. Compressive loads were applied, and data was recorded from which bending moments versus depth, …

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Failure Of Buildings Founded On Fills, Iqbal H. Khan, S. M. A. Kazimi Jun 1993

Failure Of Buildings Founded On Fills, Iqbal H. Khan, S. M. A. Kazimi

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A number of cases have come to light in Delhi recently where partial or total failure of buildings has occurred. Two cases of failures due to excessive settlement are discussed. The nature of distress and the geotechnical factors leading to failures were investigated. It was found that in both cases the foundations were resting on fills, resulting in excessive settlement. Remedial measures were considered and in one case, these have been successfully implemented. A large number of structures were thus rehabilitated.

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Instrumented Load Test On A Bent Pile, P. Dunlop, R. E. Sandiford, D. R. Erali Jun 1993

Instrumented Load Test On A Bent Pile, P. Dunlop, R. E. Sandiford, D. R. Erali

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The load carrying capacity of a bent shell pile in soft silts and clays was determined from an instrumented test. Lateral pile displacements along the pile were measured during loading and unloading using an inclinometer traveling in a plastic casing. Pile capacity was estimated by Johnson's (1962) method prior to the load test and by the STRUDL structural engineering program after performing the load test. Both methods adequately predicted the pile performance. STRUDL, however, accommodated more realistic soil parameter variation and boundary conditions necessary for an integral soil-pile-structure interaction analysis.

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Monitoring Of Load And Distribution In Long Caissons Under 49 Story Structure, W. A. Trow, T. G. Orpwood, R. L. Carrington Jun 1993

Monitoring Of Load And Distribution In Long Caissons Under 49 Story Structure, W. A. Trow, T. G. Orpwood, R. L. Carrington

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper presents the results of settlement and load distribution monitoring carried out during the construction of a 49 storey condominium supported on long end-bearing caissons socketed into shale bedrock. Four caissons were instrumented to determine load distribution within the rock socket. One of these caissons also was instrumented to measure actual load reaching the top and bedrock level of the shaft. As of early March 1992, with the building already topped-off for over 6 months and about 100% of anticipated dead load applied, the settlement appears to consist entirely of elastic compression of the caisson shafts. Although the estimated …

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Performance Of Fill Soils During The Loma Prieta Earthquake, J. D. Frost, F. A. Reyna, J. L. Chameau, P. Karanikolas Jun 1993

Performance Of Fill Soils During The Loma Prieta Earthquake, J. D. Frost, F. A. Reyna, J. L. Chameau, P. Karanikolas

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The results of high quality in situ test results obtained at Hunter's Point Naval Station both before and after the Lorna Prieta earthquake are presented. The interpretation of these tests and the results of subsequent numerical ground motion analyses are validated by the observed response at that site during the event. Data show that densification of the loose fill soils occurred as a result of the seismic activity and corroborate the observed surface deformations.

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Rigid Vs. Flexible Pile Caps: Case Study For 235 M. Delhi T.V. Tower, H. R. Viswanath Jun 1993

Rigid Vs. Flexible Pile Caps: Case Study For 235 M. Delhi T.V. Tower, H. R. Viswanath

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Foundation for the prestigious 235m. Delhi television tower commissioned in 1988 in New Delhi consists of 279 reinforced concrete piles of 500 mm diameter with 1250 KN load carrying capacity. The tower is resting on a circular pile cap 32 m. diameter with an average thickness of 2.5 m. Pile cap was designed assuming full rigid conditions at site. When it was noticed that the pile reinforcement was predominantly anchored to the layers of the pile cap reinforcement, it was apprehended that this arrangement does not ensure complete rigidity as assumed, but it makes it only partially flexible. This paper …

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Safety Evaluation Of Overhead Line Towers, M. P. Luong Jun 1993

Safety Evaluation Of Overhead Line Towers, M. P. Luong

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A nondestructive vibratory testing using impulsive tension slacking has been devised for the quality and safety control of overhead line towers of Electricité de France. Several structural control experiments have been conducted on four-legged towers resting on three types of foundations: concrete stepped or pedestal blocks, steel piles and prestressed foundations. Experimental results have given significant vibratory signatures in close connection with the geotechnical response characteristics of both slender structures and their foundations. This paper presents some significant results of the test program of safety evaluation of the pylon.

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Settlement Of Multi-Story Buildings On Sand Fills, K. J. Osinubi Jun 1993

Settlement Of Multi-Story Buildings On Sand Fills, K. J. Osinubi

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The behaviour of two residential buildings with shallow foundations supported on sand fills with underlying soft alluvial deposits are discussed. Regular settlement measurements were taken for four and seven years on the foundations of the nine-storey and five-storey buildings respectively. Measured settlements have been compared with predictions based on the theory of one-dimensional consolidation. The factors that might have been responsible for the lower predicted settlement values are highlighted.

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Soil-Structure Interaction And Aseismic Design Of A Stadium Building, V. D. Miglani Jun 1993

Soil-Structure Interaction And Aseismic Design Of A Stadium Building, V. D. Miglani

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The paper presents case history of a reinforced concrete stadium building which had been structurally designed for a particular component configuration and also constructed upto seating level and which was referred to the author for suggesting structural modifications and redesigning for different configuration which meant curtailing middle two main columns each above the seating level out of four columns in each of left and right halves of the building. The required modifications necessitated analysis of the modified frame under static loads taking into account soil-structure interaction. The other problem to be tackled was ensuring lateral stability with reduced number of …

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Stability Of A Mast Foundation: A Case Study, Yudhbir, P. K. Basudhar Jun 1993

Stability Of A Mast Foundation: A Case Study, Yudhbir, P. K. Basudhar

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The paper describes details of analysis for stability and deformation of mast foundations during installation operations for a chemical reactor in alluvial deposits. Brief details of the loads involved, foundation type, installation procedure, and evaluation of geotechnical design parameters have also been presented. The successful installation of the reactor seems to support the predicted response of the foundation.

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Taj Mahal – An Appraisal Of Foundation Performance, A. S. R. Rao, Swami Saran, S. C. Handa, G. Ramasamy, M. N. Viladkar Jun 1993

Taj Mahal – An Appraisal Of Foundation Performance, A. S. R. Rao, Swami Saran, S. C. Handa, G. Ramasamy, M. N. Viladkar

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Because of severe restrictions placed by the National Authority, no authentic data on subsoil details below Taj Mahal - a protected monument - is available. For the first time, an attempt has been made to fill in gaps that exist in our knowledge of subsoil profile below the structure and present a plausible appraisal of foundation performance during the existence of the structure. Since details of foundations cited in literature on Taj Mahal really fall into the realms of architectural conjecture, in the present analysis, engineering intuition and judgement have gone into making certain premises regarding the probable type, dimensions …

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The Performance Of Structures After Imposed Rotations, T. Amirsoleymani Jun 1993

The Performance Of Structures After Imposed Rotations, T. Amirsoleymani

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

After the initial full loading of two similar grain silos, which were built on silty sand, the Export-Import Building tilted toward the Working Tower and the joints between the two structures closed. The lateral force caused cracks in the columns of E-I Buildings. Two different methods were used to rotate the structure. The first method was based on the uneven loading of structures. The second method vas to remove thin layers of soil by chains under the foundations. The B-I Buildings were successfully rotated at both sites in 1989. The measurements for settlement and tilt were made to compare the …

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Behavior Of A Breakwater On Soft Sediments – Failure And Success, S-C. R. Lo, S-Q Li Jun 1993

Behavior Of A Breakwater On Soft Sediments – Failure And Success, S-C. R. Lo, S-Q Li

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The observed responses during the staged construction of an unreinforced section and a reinforced section of a breakwater founded on soft sediments are presented. Both sections were instrumented and the unreinforced section approached instability at the end of Stage I construction. A series of Class 'C' predictions were made with three different analytical methods. It was particularly difficult to predict the impending instability of the unreinforced section. A fully coupled finite element analysis, with close modelling of the construction sequence and using a strain softening model for the foundation clay, was needed to predict all the observations.

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Calibrated Dynamic Response Analysis Of Stafford Dam, L. H. Mejia, R. W. Boulanger Jun 1993

Calibrated Dynamic Response Analysis Of Stafford Dam, L. H. Mejia, R. W. Boulanger

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Stafford Dam, an approximately 79-ft high compacted earthfill founded on stream alluvium approximately 40 feet thick, was shaken by the 1989 Lorna Prieta Earthquake. Records of the earthquake motions were obtained from seismographs located at the dam crest and at the right abutment on rock. Two-dimensional dynamic finite element analyses were performed to calibrate a model of the dam using the recorded motions. Excellent agreement between the recorded and calculated response was obtained by appropriate adjustments to material parameters based on shear wave velocity measurements. Various deconvolution methods for obtaining input bedrock motions to calculate the dam response are discussed.

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Discussions And Replies Session 2, Wu Yingwoei, B. B. K. Huat, Ming-Hung Chen, Wade E. Cooper, Ioan Stanculescu, Anton Chirica, Pedro S. Sêco E Pinto Jun 1993

Discussions And Replies Session 2, Wu Yingwoei, B. B. K. Huat, Ming-Hung Chen, Wade E. Cooper, Ioan Stanculescu, Anton Chirica, Pedro S. Sêco E Pinto

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

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Foundations For Large Embankments, F. Colleselli, G. Cortellazzo Jun 1993

Foundations For Large Embankments, F. Colleselli, G. Cortellazzo

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This report deals with problems connected with the design and construction of two levees built on thick soft compressible soils in the Po Delta. Settlement and pore pressure measurements in foundation soils, taken for about four years during and after construction by means of complete geotechnical instrumentation, were compared with results obtained through various methods during both design and back-analysis phases. Back-analysis was carried out using numerical simulations with finite-element programs. Considerations of the problems of the global stability of the embankments during the various construction phases are also presented.

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Geotechnical Prediction And Performance Of Eastern Scheldt Storm Surge Barrier, J. Lindenberg, A. Plooster, J. P. F. M. Janssen Jun 1993

Geotechnical Prediction And Performance Of Eastern Scheldt Storm Surge Barrier, J. Lindenberg, A. Plooster, J. P. F. M. Janssen

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The construction of the Eastern Scheldt storm surge barrier was completed in 1986. The monitoring system meant to verify the functioning of the barrier during storm conditions became operational in 1988. Data concerning the geotechnical response was collected during the 4 days storm period between February 26 and March 2, 1990. In the paper some results are described. Conclusions with respect to the expected behaviour of the barrier during more extreme storms in future will be drawn in near future.

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Geotechnical Problems Of Dam Sites And Their Solution With Reference To The Projects Of Eastern India, S. Gangopadhyay Jun 1993

Geotechnical Problems Of Dam Sites And Their Solution With Reference To The Projects Of Eastern India, S. Gangopadhyay

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Geotechnical problems of dam construction are associated with adverse geological conditions of the dam site like soft rock, fault, shear zone, joints, weathering, permeable bouldery deposit, soluble rocks, ancient slide etc. In many of the dam sites of eastern India where one or more of such adverse conditions exist, the dam could be safely constructed by treatment of foundation defects. In some cases, however, a new site with less geologic problem was chosen with consequent modification in the project scheme.

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Ground Anchors Stabilize Highway Bridge Abutments, N. H. Wade, G. W. Davies Jun 1993

Ground Anchors Stabilize Highway Bridge Abutments, N. H. Wade, G. W. Davies

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Calgary's Glenmore Causeway, constructed in 1962 across the Elbow River, consists of an earthfill embankment with a waterway spanned by a 43 m long bridge, the abutments of which are supported on spread footings founded in the embankment fill. Between the 25 m deep sand and gravel embankment fill and the sub-horizontal bedrock surface is a compressible clay layer up to 5 m thick. To improve abutment stability during peak river flows, 126 post-tensioned Dywidag ground anchors up to 60 m long were installed through the concrete slabs armouring the abutment slopes. Twenty-two anchors were terminated in the embankment fill …

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Nipigon River Landslide, R. B. Dodds, J. P. Burak, K. D. Eigenbrod Jun 1993

Nipigon River Landslide, R. B. Dodds, J. P. Burak, K. D. Eigenbrod

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A massive landslide occurred on the Nipigon River, north of the Town of Nipigon, Ontario, Canada in the early morning hours of April 23, 1990 and involved an estimated 300,000 cu m of soil. Although there was no loss of life, there were significant environmental and economic impacts. Discussed in this paper are the investigations carried out after the slide, the events prior to and the factors contributing to, the slide.

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Performance Of A Low Embankment On A Soft Soil Deposit, Gerald P. Raymond Jun 1993

Performance Of A Low Embankment On A Soft Soil Deposit, Gerald P. Raymond

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The design and performance of a surcharged highway embankment across a 45 metre thick soft soil deposit is described. Using theoretical soil mechanics concepts it was predicted that the long-term stability necessitated the use of berms despite the fact that an undrained strength analysis based on in situ vane tests predicted a reasonable factor of safety. This fact is supported by the performance of an existing road. Consideration of both theoretical soil mechanics concepts and practical considerations suggested that the berms should be construction prior to the central fill and from their outer limits towards the centre. The central fill …

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Seepage Through Mine Tailings Dams, D. C. Cowherd, K. C. Miller, V. G. Perlea Jun 1993

Seepage Through Mine Tailings Dams, D. C. Cowherd, K. C. Miller, V. G. Perlea

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A determination of the phreatic surface in dams constructed of coal refuse, under the criteria set forth in the National Dam Safety Act was made. All of these dams were over 20 years old. Most of the embankments studied were not constructed with any compaction specification and no effort was made to compact the coal refuse. A comparison of actual phreatic surface to the theoretically predicted surface is made using the classical seepage theory and the computer program SEEP. The embankments are old enough to present the steady slope phreatic surface, and thus, provide a good check of the ability …

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Seismic Failure Of Barahona Tailings Dam, J. H. Troncoso, A. Vergara, A. Avendaño Jun 1993

Seismic Failure Of Barahona Tailings Dam, J. H. Troncoso, A. Vergara, A. Avendaño

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The seismic failure of Barahona Tailings Dam has been analyzed. Causes of failure were decrease of the shear strength of the slimes and large displacements and breaching of the sand dikes. The dikes were partially founded on the unconsolidated slimes because the dam was built by the upstream method. Liquefied tailings flowed violently down the courses of Barahona creek and Cachapoal River causing heavy destruction over a 50 km long path. It is concluded that the upstream method of construction of tailings dams should not be encouraged in seismic zones; however, it could be considered as an alternative solution, provided …

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Session 2 Concluding Remarks, Pedro S. Sêco E Pinto Jun 1993

Session 2 Concluding Remarks, Pedro S. Sêco E Pinto

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

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General Report Session No. 3: Case Histories Of Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, Steven L. Kramer, Peter K. Robertson Jun 1993

General Report Session No. 3: Case Histories Of Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, Steven L. Kramer, Peter K. Robertson

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

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Evaluation Of Liquefaction Potential Of Coal Slurry, D. C. Cowherd, K. C. Miller, V. G. Perlea, Shamsher Prakash Jun 1993

Evaluation Of Liquefaction Potential Of Coal Slurry, D. C. Cowherd, K. C. Miller, V. G. Perlea, Shamsher Prakash

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Hundreds of coal refuse impoundments are constructed each year to dispose of coarse and fine coal refuse. As the need for more sites develops, the suitability of available sites decreases. This creates the need for alternative construction practices such as upstream tailings dam construction methods. These methods raise the question of how to analyze the seismic and liquefaction stability of these structures. The use of down hole nuclear density and moisture probes provides a reliable method for assessing the potential stability issues for these types of structures.

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Failures Of Quay Walls During Chilean Earthquake Of March 1985, P. Ortigosa, E. Retamal, R. V. Whitman Jun 1993

Failures Of Quay Walls During Chilean Earthquake Of March 1985, P. Ortigosa, E. Retamal, R. V. Whitman

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Extensive damage took place in the quay walls in the Ports of Valparaíso and San Antonio during the Chilean earthquake of March 1985. Different types of retaining structures such as gravity retaining walls built with concrete blocks, sheetpiles and decks on vertical piles were subjected to large shaking ranging from 0.3 - 0.45g at Valparaíso Port to more than 0.6g at San Antonio. Some of the retaining structures collapsed and others behave quite well. In addition, some liquefaction and settlements in the sandy fill below the yards did occur at San Antonio, along with permanent displacements in the fill slope …

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Gravelly Soil Properties By Field And Laboratory Tests, Takaaki Konno, Yoshio Suzuki, Akira Tateishi, Kenji Ishihara, Kinji Akino, Setsuo Iizuka Jun 1993

Gravelly Soil Properties By Field And Laboratory Tests, Takaaki Konno, Yoshio Suzuki, Akira Tateishi, Kenji Ishihara, Kinji Akino, Setsuo Iizuka

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The basic policy in Japan is to build nuclear reactor buildings on rock. But, in order to cope with the middle and long term siting problems it has become necessary to develop new siting technology from the standpoint of expanding the available range of site selections and effective utilization of lands. The gravelly soil layer in the Quaternary deposits has high possibility of becoming the bearing soil stratum when constructing a nuclear power plant. In order to verify the seismic stability of such gravelly soil layers, a series of field dynamic and static torsional loading tests for large scale in-situ …

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Jet Grouting To Reduce Liquefaction Potential, K. W. Tsai, C. K. Chou, J. C. Chang, W. H. Wang Jun 1993

Jet Grouting To Reduce Liquefaction Potential, K. W. Tsai, C. K. Chou, J. C. Chang, W. H. Wang

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A compaction sand piling technique was abandoned after it caused excessive vibrations in buildings adjacent to the construction site. Various alternatives were evaluated, but none could provide certainty of acceptance by the residential community without causing schedule delay and other construction complications. A vibration-free jet grouting method was, therefore adopted for ground improvement to reduce liquefaction potential at the site. Modifications in grouting procedure details were implemented to overcome problems caused by the site conditions.

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Liquefaction Study Eastern Scheldt Foreshore, T. P. Stoutjesdijk Jun 1993

Liquefaction Study Eastern Scheldt Foreshore, T. P. Stoutjesdijk

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

All available methods to obtain insight into the flow slide susceptibility have been applied on one location. This demonstrates, that the level of available knowledge is of influence on the quality of the advice. An overview of the methods and the results is given. The results are discussed. The conclusion is, that advanced study improves the understanding of uncertainties, and therefore gives a better assessment of risks. In this case, insight lead to the advice that no expensive measures were necessary, at least for part of the location.

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