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Geotechnical Engineering

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Articles 1111 - 1140 of 4582

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Lateral Movements Of A Bridge Abutment Due To Compressible Foundation Soils, Alper Turan, Tony Sangiuliano, M. Shahria Alam, M. Hesham El Naggar Apr 2013

Lateral Movements Of A Bridge Abutment Due To Compressible Foundation Soils, Alper Turan, Tony Sangiuliano, M. Shahria Alam, M. Hesham El Naggar

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Highway approach embankments are often constructed over weak and compressible soils. The consolidation settlements induced by the embankment loads are known to result in downdrag forces and lateral forces on the piles supporting the bridge abutments. Several approaches are commonly employed during construction of highway bridges in Ontario in order to reduce these forces. These approaches include: preloading and surcharging to achieve the anticipated settlements prior to the installation of abutment piles; application of lightweight fill materials such as expanded polystyrene and expanded pelletized blast furnace to reduce embankment loads; and measures to expedite pore water pressure dissipation such as …

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The Consolidation Behavior Of The Clay-Core In A Rock Fill Dam — Atatürk Dam Case Study, Atila Sezen, M. Atilla Ansal Apr 2013

The Consolidation Behavior Of The Clay-Core In A Rock Fill Dam — Atatürk Dam Case Study, Atila Sezen, M. Atilla Ansal

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Unexpectedly large settlements occurred in the 165 meter high clay core of Atatürk Dam during the reservoir filling stage. An investigation was conducted based on laboratory experiments and numerical analysis. Consolidation tests were performed on compacted samples under stress levels expected to take place in the field by considering the possible factors affecting the consolidation behavior. The experimental findings were used to model the observed settlements based on a parametric study and by back-calculation. The total expected settlements were determined to be in the order of 16.0 m. While a good fit was captured between the observed and modeled settlements …

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Influence Of Dam And Foundation Discountinuities Using Discountinuum Approach — A Case Study, Shilpa Pal, Dilip K. Paul Apr 2013

Influence Of Dam And Foundation Discountinuities Using Discountinuum Approach — A Case Study, Shilpa Pal, Dilip K. Paul

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Dam-foundation interaction plays an important role in the design and analysis of concrete gravity dams as has been reviewed from the failures of dams in the literature. The objective of the study is to understand the behavior of a concrete gravity dam taking into account the effect of dam and foundation discontinuities using three-dimensional Distinct Element Code. Different models have been formulated considering the complexities involved in the modeling of the dam structure, dam-foundation system and the results have been compared. Modeling the dam with the discontinuity in the form of crack which runs through the concrete section has a …

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A 2-Dimentional Approach For Numerical Modeling Of Seismic Gravel Drains In Liquefiable Grounds, Mahmood Seid-Karbasi, Roberto Olivera, Upul Atukorala Apr 2013

A 2-Dimentional Approach For Numerical Modeling Of Seismic Gravel Drains In Liquefiable Grounds, Mahmood Seid-Karbasi, Roberto Olivera, Upul Atukorala

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Liquefaction of water saturated granular soils is one of the major risks thai affect the safety and earthquake pcrfonnancc of infraSlmC\urc such as bridges, dams, ports, and lifelines in various parts of Ihe world. The seismically-induced ground deformations arc often Ihe main concern when liquCr:1cl ion occurs in significant zones of an earth Sinlcturc or soil foundat ion. Recent studies ineluding field data, centrifuge model testing and numerical investigations suggest that one of the promising measures 10 alleviate large earthqu.ake-induced deformat ions and ground failures is by installing stone columns and/or gravel drains. Design of such treatment scheme needs to …

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Bank Instability Problems Associated With The Riverside Construction, Gennaro G. Marino, Abdolreza Osouli Apr 2013

Bank Instability Problems Associated With The Riverside Construction, Gennaro G. Marino, Abdolreza Osouli

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

In this case study, the sliding of a riverbank during construction of a water intake facility in Tennessee was investigated and analyzed. The construction of the project involved the installation of 2-36 in. diameter intake pipes from the wet well to the river inlet which were 290 ft apart. An open cut excavation from the river inlet to the riverbank toe was used to connect the inlet to the tunnel-installedintake pipes on the land side. During the excavation, a 25 ft wide slide, which 4 months later widened by another 15 ft, developed to the crest of the road on …

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Ground Deformations Observed After 23.10.2011 MW 7.2 Van Earthquake (Turkey), Mutluhan Akin, Ali Ozvan, Muge K. Akin, Tamer Topal Apr 2013

Ground Deformations Observed After 23.10.2011 MW 7.2 Van Earthquake (Turkey), Mutluhan Akin, Ali Ozvan, Muge K. Akin, Tamer Topal

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A destructive earthquake with a moment magnitude of 7.2 occurred in the north of the Van province (Turkey) on 23rd October 2011 at 13:41 local time and caused approximately 600 deaths and more than 4000 injuries. Many damaging aftershocks were recorded for more than a month after the main shock including a triggered earthquake (Mw 5.6) located in the southern district of Van, namely Edremit, on November 9th, 2011 which caused additional damage and casualties. After the Mw 7.2 Van earthquake, earthquake-induced ground deformations such as liquefaction and lateral spreading were extensively observed around the shores of Lake …

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Liquefaction Of Mine Tailings, Vijay K. Puri, Todd R. Kostecki Apr 2013

Liquefaction Of Mine Tailings, Vijay K. Puri, Todd R. Kostecki

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Liquefaction of mine tailings is known to occur during cyclic, quasi-static & static loading cases but is still a relatively misunderstood concept because tailings dam failures continue to occur. In the worst case scenario the results are high costs, hindered public perception, environmental cleanup and worst of all, the loss of life. A better understanding of this issue is essential for any engineer associated with the mining and/or geotechnical industry, and in particular tailings dam construction and maintenance. This paper presents the liquefaction concept, some case histories dealing with failure of mine tailings dams, available testing methods and some dated …

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Spectral Attenuation Characteristics Of Strong Ground Motions In East-Central Iran Using Theoretical Data, Majid Mahood, Hossein Hamzehloo Apr 2013

Spectral Attenuation Characteristics Of Strong Ground Motions In East-Central Iran Using Theoretical Data, Majid Mahood, Hossein Hamzehloo

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Ground-motion prediction equations are an essential element of PSHA. In seismic hazard analysis, attenuation calculations determine how quickly ground motions decrease as the distance from a seismic event increases. The estimation of ground motion for future earthquakes as a function of magnitude and distance is an important problem from earthquake engineering point of view. This article presents spectral equations for the estimation of horizontal strong ground motions caused by shallow crustal earthquakes with magnitude range of Mw 5.0 to 7.4 and distance to the surface projection of the fault less than 100 km for theoretical (simulated) records. The reason …

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Modified Value Of Rock Quality Designation Index Rqd In Rock Formation, Ahmed T. M. Farid Apr 2013

Modified Value Of Rock Quality Designation Index Rqd In Rock Formation, Ahmed T. M. Farid

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The rock quality designation, RQD, is a commonly index used in the description of rock mass quality. This RQD, index value is used to predict the engineering properties of the rock strata under study. The RQD index value was introduced for the engineering applications, such as mining and geotechnical engineering. Calculating of RQD index for rock formation is a great part due to its simplicity. However, this also leads to a number of limitations, including among other, a dependency of RQDm value on the borehole orientation and on the selected threshold value for the minimum intact core length. In this …

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Baltimore Red Line Project: An Overview Of The Cooks Lane Tunnel, Mohsen G. Kashi, Verya Nasri Apr 2013

Baltimore Red Line Project: An Overview Of The Cooks Lane Tunnel, Mohsen G. Kashi, Verya Nasri

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The Maryland Transit Administration’s Baltimore Red Line is a proposed 14.1-mile east-west Light Rail Transit (LRT) line connecting the areas of Woodlawn, Edmondson Village, West Baltimore, downtown Baltimore, Inner Harbour East, Fells Point, Canton and the Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Centre Campus. Red Line has two tunnel segments namely, the Downtown and the Cooks Lane Tunnels. The Cooks Lane Tunnel (CLT) is the shorter of the two tunnels and will connect the proposed at-grade LRT segment running alongside I-70 with the at-grade LRT segment along Edmondson Avenue. The western CLT portal will be west of the intersection of North Forest …

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Numerical Analysis To Examine The Effect Of Landslides On Tunnels, Keiichi Ota, Senro Kuraoka, Toshiya Takeshi Apr 2013

Numerical Analysis To Examine The Effect Of Landslides On Tunnels, Keiichi Ota, Senro Kuraoka, Toshiya Takeshi

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

In the vicinity of known landslide zones, tunnel routes should be designed such that the distance between the landslide and the tunnel is sufficient to avoid adverse impact of the landslide on the tunnel. This requires a good understanding of the effects of the landslide on the tunnel. We modeled the ground surrounding the tunnel and the landslide using numerical analysis to evaluate the quantitative effect of the tunnel offset from the landslide on ground stresses and displacement of the ground surface and tunnel crown. We considered the effects under different ground conditions and examined two different cases, when the …

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Slope Stability Analysis Of The Working Level And Final Slope In The Surface Mine Of Marls Near 'Hani I Elezit', Idaver Huseini, Januz Mehmeti, Nexhmi Krasniqi, Ahmet Bytyçi, Semijal Hasani-Ziberi Apr 2013

Slope Stability Analysis Of The Working Level And Final Slope In The Surface Mine Of Marls Near 'Hani I Elezit', Idaver Huseini, Januz Mehmeti, Nexhmi Krasniqi, Ahmet Bytyçi, Semijal Hasani-Ziberi

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The future of Kosovo’s economic development relies on the exploration of natural resources, particularly, mining. Great importance has been placed on the exploitation of these resources via the surface utilization of marls. Marls being the prevalent raw material for cement production. Since the beginning of 20thcentury, great achievements have been made in the geo-techniques field, leading to the remarkable progress in the art of mining.This paper through the limit equilibrium solution examines the optimization of parameters for slope stability and presents the findings of the on-site research and lab workings conducted on the open-pit mines of marls near the cement …

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Three Dimensional Numerical Analysis For Soft Ground Tunneling, Navid Allahverdi, Verya Nasri Apr 2013

Three Dimensional Numerical Analysis For Soft Ground Tunneling, Navid Allahverdi, Verya Nasri

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper presents the methodology and results of comprehensive three-dimensional finite element analyses which were performed to assess the potential impacts of tunneling under an existing subway tunnel as well as potential impact of tunneling under an existing bridge. The finite element models took into account all relevant components of the construction process including the soil behavior, shield tunneling, precast concrete segmental lining and the tail void grouting. The models also accounted for stage construction and detailed shield-driven tunnel boring machine (TBM) processes including applying balancing face pressure as well as injecting bentonite slurry through the TBM shield. This study …

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Geotechnical Forensic Investigation Of Observed Cracks On A Building In Tallahassee, Florida, Rutuparna Joshi, Kwasi Badu-Tweneboah, David Riotte, Rachel Klinger, Aaron Cohen Apr 2013

Geotechnical Forensic Investigation Of Observed Cracks On A Building In Tallahassee, Florida, Rutuparna Joshi, Kwasi Badu-Tweneboah, David Riotte, Rachel Klinger, Aaron Cohen

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

In July 2010, two vapor extraction wells were installed about 15 feet from a building at an angle of 50 degrees to the horizontal using rotosonic drilling technique (RDT). In June 2011, a crack approximately 0.5 inch wide on the wall of the building was reported. Several other small cracks were observed on the building following inspection by the authors. The owner of the building expressed concerns that the rotosonic drilling was the cause of the cracks and wanted assurance that subsequent drillings would not exacerbate the problem. Geotechnical forensic investigation was performed to evaluate the potential cause(s) of cracking …

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Probabilistic Three-Dimensional Model Of An Offshore Monopile Foundation: Reliability Based Approach, M. J. Vahdatirad, Lars Vabbersgaard Andersen, Lars Bo Ibsen, J. Clausen, J. D. Sørensen Apr 2013

Probabilistic Three-Dimensional Model Of An Offshore Monopile Foundation: Reliability Based Approach, M. J. Vahdatirad, Lars Vabbersgaard Andersen, Lars Bo Ibsen, J. Clausen, J. D. Sørensen

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

When wind turbines are to be installed offshore, expensive geotechnical in-situ tests are carried out at the location of each turbine and only a quantile value (typically the 5% quantile) of the measured strength parameters is used as design parameter, e.g., the 5% quantile value of the undrained shear strength of the soil. Typically, measurement, statistical and model uncertainties are not taken into account in code-based, deterministic design. Hence, current methodology based design may be expensive, but the reliability of the foundation is unknown. Instead, a reliability-based design process based on stochastic analysis of the soil parameters is proposed to …

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Failure Investigation Of A Helical Anchor Tie-Down System Supporting An Olympic Size Swimming Pool, Tom Labuda, Gene W. Corley, Michael Murphy Apr 2013

Failure Investigation Of A Helical Anchor Tie-Down System Supporting An Olympic Size Swimming Pool, Tom Labuda, Gene W. Corley, Michael Murphy

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Adoption of new technologies and a push for money-saving value engineering designs may produce unpredictable and unwanted results. Particularly with shrinking budgets, proposals that reduce initial costs become more appealing. However, without careful consideration and implementation, cost-reducing measures can become more expensive in the end. This paper presents a case study of geostructural forensic analysis related to the failure of a helical anchor tie-down system selected to support an Olympic size swimming pool against hydrostatic uplift forces. The selection of helical anchors over a more expensive traditional anchorage system appeared to be a smart value engineering decision for the project’s …

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Observation Of Stress Distribution On Instrumented Jet Grout Columns, Berrak Teymur, Kaan Doğanışık Apr 2013

Observation Of Stress Distribution On Instrumented Jet Grout Columns, Berrak Teymur, Kaan Doğanışık

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Jet grout columns are used widely in the last decade in Turkey especially in soil improvement projects. This study is intended to understand the behavior and stress distribution of jet grout columns installed in non-cohesive soils and are under vertical loads. Design capacity of jet grout column is examined by loading tests. Stress distribution was determined by strain gauges installed inside the jet grout columns. 35cm in diameter 8m long jet grout columns were constructed in silty sand. As measured by strain gages, the stress along the column extends deeper while load increases. According to the load test results, at …

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Preliminary And Working Pile Load Tests In Simsima Limestone, Terrence Carroll, Stuart Hardy, Elliott Ting Apr 2013

Preliminary And Working Pile Load Tests In Simsima Limestone, Terrence Carroll, Stuart Hardy, Elliott Ting

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A load testing program was undertaken to determine the working capacity of drilled shafts in Simsima Limestone, the predominant founding stratum in Doha, Qatar. The drilled shafts ranged from 500 mm to 1,500 mm in diameter and gained capacity from both side and base resistance within the Simsima Limestone. The weathering profile of the Simsima Limestone is complex with the degree of weathering likely to increase or decrease with depth. For the purposes of design, the limestone was characterized into three grades of weathering (A, B, and C) and the pile load testing program focused on testing each of these …

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Slurry Caisson Problems And Correction In Chicago, Tony A. Kiefer Apr 2013

Slurry Caisson Problems And Correction In Chicago, Tony A. Kiefer

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The paper describes the design and construction history of 67-story and 45-story residential towers in Chicago which were constructed on straight-shaft caissons supported on the surface of dolomite bedrock at a design bearing pressure of 90 tons per square foot (tsf). The use of the 90 tsf bearing pressure was a first in Chicago and a strong departure from the Chicago code method of requiring rock sockets at least one to six feet deep along with permanent steel casing. The caissons were constructed by using polymer drilling slurry and tremie concrete pouring procedures. This paper presents a brief history and …

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120 Years Of Caisson Foundations In Chicago, Robert E. Schock, Eric J. Risberg Apr 2013

120 Years Of Caisson Foundations In Chicago, Robert E. Schock, Eric J. Risberg

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Chicago can be called the birthplace of the Skyscraper, and also tlle Drilled Shaft Foundation, both of which came into being late in the 19th century. The story of the Chicago Caisson begins with the presence of a thick deposit of soft clay beneath the City, and continues with the succession of building booms that have characterized the growth of the City over the last 140 years, beginning just after the Great Fire of 187 1. During that first boom, new tall structures were built so rapidly, and amid such profound geotechnical uncertainty, that the process of designing a successful …

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A Report On The 2012 Seismic Sequence In Emilia (Northern Italy), Diego C. F. Lo Presti, Mauro Sassu, Lucia Luzi, Francesca Pacor, Doriano Castaldini, Giovanni Tosatti, Claudia Meisina, Davide Zizioli, Francesco Zucca, Giuliano Rossi, Gilberto Saccorotti, Davide Piccinini Apr 2013

A Report On The 2012 Seismic Sequence In Emilia (Northern Italy), Diego C. F. Lo Presti, Mauro Sassu, Lucia Luzi, Francesca Pacor, Doriano Castaldini, Giovanni Tosatti, Claudia Meisina, Davide Zizioli, Francesco Zucca, Giuliano Rossi, Gilberto Saccorotti, Davide Piccinini

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Since mid-May 2012, an energetic seismic sequence has affected the northern part of Italy and specifically a wide sector of the Po River Plain. The sequence has been dominated by two main events: a) Mw = 5.9 occurred near Finale Emilia on May 20th at a depth of 6.3 km, and b) Mw=5.8 occurred near Cavezzo on May 29th at a depth of 10.2 km (earthquake location are obtained Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, http://iside.rm.ingv.it/). The effects of the two main shocks can be summarized as follows: - damage to infrastructures (roads, pipelines) essentially because of the occurrence of …

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Dynamic Response Of Piles ─ Case Studies In India, Boominathan Adimoolam, Krishna Kumar, Askar Zhussupbekov Apr 2013

Dynamic Response Of Piles ─ Case Studies In India, Boominathan Adimoolam, Krishna Kumar, Askar Zhussupbekov

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Dynamic behavior of piles is strongly affected by the variation in the soil stiffness with depth and the interaction between the soil and the pile. The dynamic characteristics of the piles can be determined by using simple lumped mass models to complex finite element modeling. There is a need for experimental research, in particular large-scale field tests, to validate existing linear/nonlinear models, which are used to predict the dynamic stiffness and damping of the soil-pile system. The determination of dynamic characteristics of soil-pile system by full-scale lateral dynamic pile load testing is an important aspect in the design of pile …

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The Design And Construction Of A Fast Track 16 Hectare, 18 M Deep Basement In Soft Clay In Singapore, J. W. Pappin Apr 2013

The Design And Construction Of A Fast Track 16 Hectare, 18 M Deep Basement In Soft Clay In Singapore, J. W. Pappin

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Singapore’s newest integrated resort, Marina Bay Sands, was completed in record time and has garnered numerous engineering awards. The development sits on recent sand reclamation, which in turn rests on deep soft marine clay deposits. With an average excavation depth of around 18 meters, the 16 hectare (39 acre) waterfront development involved some of the largest marine clay excavation in Singapore. About 2.8 million cubic meters of fill and marine clay were excavated from the site equating to about 800 trucks a day for two years. To overcome the challenges of the bulk excavation and minimize shoring in difficult soil …

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Shallow Foundations For Seismic Loads: Design Considerations, Vijay K. Puri, Shamsher Prakash Apr 2013

Shallow Foundations For Seismic Loads: Design Considerations, Vijay K. Puri, Shamsher Prakash

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The seismic design of foundations for structures depends on dynamic bearing capacity, dynamic settlements and liquefaction susceptibility of soil. The dynamic bearing capacity problem has been attracting the attention of researchers during the last about fifty years. Till today (2013), there is no accepted dynamic bearing capacity theory. Most analysis for design of shallow foundations under seismic loads are based on the assumption that the failure zones in soil occur along a static failure surface. This is the pseudo-static approach. An attempt has been made in this paper to summarize the currently available information on design of shallow foundations under …

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Improving The Structural Performance Of Heritage Buildings. A Comprehensive Romanian Experience., Ion Vlad Apr 2013

Improving The Structural Performance Of Heritage Buildings. A Comprehensive Romanian Experience., Ion Vlad

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The paper is devoted to historical masonry buildings’ protection against the destructive influence of earthquakes. Experimental and analytical investigations were performed to verify an original methodology that was developed for improving the structural performance of such a building. The seismic retrofitting of the cultural heritage requires compliance with the severe restrictions of the Romanian legislation related to the preservation of the original artistic and structural features. The intervention on the building started with the understanding of the original idea that was in the mind of the first designer. To accomplish this desideratum, two studies have been performed: a historical study …

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Field Instrumentation — The Link Between Theory And Practice In Geotechnical Engineering, E. Dibiagio Apr 2013

Field Instrumentation — The Link Between Theory And Practice In Geotechnical Engineering, E. Dibiagio

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Geotechnical engineers work in two worlds: a theoretical world where ideas and events can be represented by numbers and calculated to as many decimal points as one desires, and a practical world where observations and events can only be described in general qualitative terms. Numerical data, the end product of measurement, provides a quantitative link between the two worlds of theory and practice. Professor Ralph B. Peck, the father of the Observational method in geotechnical engineering, recognized early in his professional career the importance of field instrumentation and performance monitoring in geotechnical engineering, and he did a lot to promote …

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The Design Of Foundations For The World’S Tallest Buildings, Clyde N. Baker, Tony A. Kiefer Apr 2013

The Design Of Foundations For The World’S Tallest Buildings, Clyde N. Baker, Tony A. Kiefer

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The talk presents the essential requirements for the design of foundations for the world’s tallest buildings from a geotechnical perspective, discusses briefly the basic foundation types and several key principles to remember, including the need for close structural engineer and geotechnical engineer cooperation. The special in-situ testing and load testing techniques commonly used are also presented. International case histories where performance has been monitored are used to illustrate some of the basic points as well as to compare prediction with performance. As an additional feature, the experience of gradually increasing allowable bearing pressures in a given geology over a sufficient …

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Geotechnical Lessons Learned From Earthquakes, Jonathan D. Bray, J. David Frost, Ellen M. Rathje Apr 2013

Geotechnical Lessons Learned From Earthquakes, Jonathan D. Bray, J. David Frost, Ellen M. Rathje

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Geotechnical earthquake engineering is an experience-driven discipline. Field observations are particularly important because it is difficult to replicate in the laboratory, the characteristics and response of soil deposits built by nature over thousands of years. Further, much of the data generated by a major earthquake is perishable, so it is critical that it is collected soon after the event occurs. Detailed mapping and surveying of damaged and undamaged areas provides the data for the well-documented case histories that drive the development of many of the design procedures used by geotechnical engineers. Thus, documenting the key lessons learned from major earthquake …

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Inconclusive Case Histories In Earthquake Geotechnics From Christchurch, George Gazetas Apr 2013

Inconclusive Case Histories In Earthquake Geotechnics From Christchurch, George Gazetas

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

It is argued that there is still a need for further exploratory research to unravel the ultimate causes of unresolved case histories (especially those involving failures) in geotechnical earthquake engineering. Three specific examples motivated from the records of the four major seismic episodes that shook the city of Christchurch, New Zealand, in 2010 and 2011 are presented in detail. Peculiarities in these records call for an investigation of a number of plausible seismological and geotechnical contributing factors including source mechanics, forward-rupture directivity, 1Dsoil amplification, soil liquefaction, 2D basin amplification, and topographic aggravation.

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Geotechnical Aspects Of Recent Extreme Floods In Pakistan; A Case History, Sarfraz Ali, Fawad Akram, Abdul Qudoos Khan, Misba-Hafsa Apr 2013

Geotechnical Aspects Of Recent Extreme Floods In Pakistan; A Case History, Sarfraz Ali, Fawad Akram, Abdul Qudoos Khan, Misba-Hafsa

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Topographically, Pakistan comprises three major areas; Northern Highland Area, Indus Basin and Baluchistan Plateau. Its elevation varies from Mean sea Level (0 meter) at south to 8619 meters in the North at K-2 Peak. Northern Highland Area, generally sloping southwards includes Himalayan, Karakorum and Hindu-Kush ranges covering approximately an area of 155,831 square kilometers. Indus Basin stretches from foothills of Northern Highland Area to Arabian Sea in south covering approximately an area of 346,259 square kilometers. Baluchistan Plateau in the West and South comprises mountain ranges of Koh-i-Suleman, Kirther, blow-outs of coralline and lacustrine deposits along coastal belt and covers …

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