Engineering Commons^™

Deep Learning-Based, Passive Fault Tolerant Control Facilitated By A Taxonomy Of Cyber-Attack Effects, Dean C. Wardell

Theses and Dissertations

In the interest of improving the resilience of cyber-physical control systems to better operate in the presence of various cyber-attacks and/or faults, this dissertation presents a novel controller design based on deep-learning networks. This research lays out a controller design that does not rely on fault or cyber-attack detection. Being passive, the controller’s routine operating process is to take in data from the various components of the physical system, holistically assess the state of the physical system using deep-learning networks and decide the subsequent round of commands from the controller. This use of deep-learning methods in passive fault tolerant control …

Microsoft’S Surface Pro 4 Performance Under Denial Of Service Attack, Adrian Guerrero

Theses and Dissertations

Microsoft Surface Pro 4 (SP4) is a new device in the line of hybrid computers today. It aims to work as both as table and laptop computer. There are multiple versions of SP4 that include devices equipped with i3, i5 and i7 core processors.

This makes SP4 a great addition for hospital, clinics or schools for its portability and features. As these locations can be prone to cyber-attacks, we plan to test this computer’s reliability and performance under cybersecurity attacks. The device tested is built with Intel Core i7-6650U 2.21 GHz processor with automatic overclocking capabilities up to 3.4 GHz, …

Cyber Security Evaluation Of Centos Red Hat Based Operating System Under Cyber Attack With Increasing Magnitude, William E. R. Rivas

Theses and Dissertations

The increasing interest in ‘always-connected’ devices and the Internet of Things has led to electronic devices with Internet connectivity becoming a staple in modern household and workplace. Consequently, this increase has also led to an increase in vulnerable devices, ripe for hijacking by a malicious third party. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks have consistently been an issue since the birth of the Internet. With the large number of devices available today, the strength and consistency of these attacks has only grown and will continue to grow. Since, depending on certain variables, these DDoS attacks can effectively render a target …

Design And Optimization Of A Modular Dc-Dc Power Converter For Medium Voltage Shipboard Applications, Seyed Rasoul Hosseini

Theses and Dissertations

Power electronic converters rated for medium voltage direct current (MVDC) are promising for electrification of future ships. In shipboard electrification, due to limitation of space, energy and technical maintenance, the high-power density, high efficiency and modularity of the power electronic converters are desired. Utilizing power modules made from wide band gap (WBG) semiconductors like silicon carbide (SiC) and high frequency power transformer (HFPT) can be beneficial for obtaining the high-power density, high efficiency and isolation that is required for the power electronic converters. To provide power for the low voltage (LV) DC loads, a conversion of the power from MVDC …

Characterization Of Fiber Bragg Grating Based, Geometry-Dependent, Magnetostrictive Composite Sensors, Edward Lynch

Theses and Dissertations

Optical sensors based on geometry dependent magnetostrictive composite, having potential applications in current sensing and magnetic field sensing are modeled and evaluated experimentally with an emphasis on their thermal immunity from thermal disturbances. Two sensor geometries composed of a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) embedded in a shaped Terfenol-D/epoxy composite material, which were previously prototyped and tested for magnetic field response, were investigated. When sensing magnetic fields or currents, the primary function of the magnetostrictive composite geometry is to modulate the magnetic flux such that a magnetostrictive strain gradient is induced on the embedded FBG. Simulations and thermal experiments reveal the …

Sparse Bases And Bayesian Inference Of Electromagnetic Scattering, John Lee

Theses and Dissertations

Many approaches in CEM rely on the decomposition of complex radiation and scattering behavior with a set of basis vectors. Accurate estimation of the quantities of interest can be synthesized through a weighted sum of these vectors. In addition to basis decompositions, sparse signal processing techniques developed in the CS community can be leveraged when only a small subset of the basis vectors are required to sufficiently represent the quantity of interest. We investigate several concepts in which novel bases are applied to common electromagnetic problems and leverage the sparsity property to improve performance and/or reduce computational burden. The first …

Electromagnetic Interference Estimation Via Conditional Neural Processing, Edgar E. Gomez

Theses and Dissertations

The goal of this thesis is to determine the efficacy of employing Machine Learning (ML) to solve Joint Urgent Operational Need (JUON) CC-0575, which aims to develop a Common Operating Picture (COP) of the Global Positioning System (GPS) Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) environment. With the growing popularity of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), ML solutions are quickly gaining traction in businesses, academia and government. This in turn allows for problem solutions that were previously inconceivable using the classical programming paradigm. This thesis proposes a method to develop a COP of the battlefield via ANN ingestion of multiple-source signals and sensors. We conduct …

Security Evaluation Of Microsoft’S Windows Under Cyber-Flood Attacks, Christina Y. Navarro

Theses and Dissertations

Cyberattacks are quite common occurrences today as such can compromise entire networks producing collective vulnerabilities. As shown herein, manifold experimental findings exhibit ramifications for a cyberattack victim during multiple simulations. All experiments were conducted with Apple’s iMac, the victim system, and different editions of Microsoft Windows 10 and Windows 8.1.

Cyberattacks herein categorize as Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks including Smurf, Ping Flood, Transmission Control Protocol-Synchronize (TCP-SYN) Flood, and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Flood attacks. Experimental results from each cyberattack are recordings of computer activities such as memory consumption, disk utilization, and overall processor utilization.

DDoS attack simulations include …

Preparation And Characterization Of Dc Magnetron Sputtered Thin Films, Al Amin

Theses and Dissertations

Plasma enhanced DC magnetron sputtering is a well-known technique for thin film deposition. Thin film has wide range of applications in many fields such as electronics, optics, communication, decoration, biosystem and medical. Among them, antibacterial and biocompatible thin film coating has attracted researcher’s attention to prevent the healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) during the surgical operations as well as the implantation of foreign devices inside human body. This research has been divided into two sections. In first section, titanium (Ti) was deposited on glass substrate at DC power of 200 W, argon-nitrogen plasma, and temperature of 25 ˚C. Later this Ti-coated glass …

A Python-Based Brain-Computer Interface Package For Neural Data Analysis, Md Hasan Anowar

Theses and Dissertations

Anowar, Md Hasan, A Python-based Brain-Computer Interface Package for Neural Data Analysis. Master of Science (MS), December, 2020, 70 pp., 4 tables, 23 figures, 74 references.

Although a growing amount of research has been dedicated to neural engineering, only a handful of software packages are available for brain signal processing. Popular brain-computer interface packages depend on commercial software products such as MATLAB. Moreover, almost every brain-computer interface software is designed for a specific neuro-biological signal; there is no single Python-based package that supports motor imagery, sleep, and stimulated brain signal analysis. The necessity to introduce a brain-computer interface package that …

Ac Electrokinetic Effect Of V-Electrode Pattern On Microfluids, Mohammad Salman Parvez

Theses and Dissertations

Electrokinetics has been used for guiding, pumping, and manipulating microfluidic particles for many years in the field of Biomedical, Microbiology, Chemistry, Medicine, and other fields of research, which makes it a ubiquitous tool for the multidisciplinary research on microfluidics. Between these two Alternating Current (AC) Electrokinetics have been proven to be more feasible for the researcher than the other one. In this research, we have investigated AC Electrokinetics and s effect on a new electrode configuration called V-electrode pattern. The V-electrode has been inspired and modified from the previous research work on the Orthogonal Electrode Pattern. In this research, this …

Fabrication And Flow Dynamics Analysis Of Micromixer For Lab-On-A-Chip Devices, Md Fazlay Rubby

Theses and Dissertations

The miniaturized systems designed for lab-on-a-chip (LOC) technologies are generally implemented with a micro-scale mixer to provide intimate contact between the reagent molecules for interactions and chemical reactions. The exponential increase of research in microfabrication and microfluidic applications highlights the importance of understanding the theory and mechanism that governs mixing at the microscale level. In this study, the fabrication of an active and passive micromixer was discussed. The optimized state of art soft lithography and 3D printing was used as a microfabrication technique. The challenges at different fabrication steps were presented along with the modifications. Microelectrodes were integrated with the …

Two-Photon 3-Dimensional Photoelectrochemical Etching Of Single Crystal Silicon Carbide, Peter Robert Nyholm

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis presents the first use of a novel direct-write, non-line-of-sight, two-photon photoelectrochemical etching technique for etching of single crystal silicon carbide substrates. The use of this technique has resulted in structuring of 3-dimensional structures in high quality single crystal silicon carbide wafers. The 3-dimensional structures demonstrated cannot be formed by any single or combination of traditional silicon carbide machining techniques. This thesis outlines the development of the optical, electrical, and diagnostic components required to achieve two-photon photoelectrochemical etching in silicon carbide. The diagnostic sub-assemblies --a single pixel confocal detector assembly and an in-situ optical microscope assembly-- and their design …

30 Ghz Path Loss Modeling And Performance Evaluation For Noncoherent M-Ary Frequency Shift Keying In The 30 Ghz Band, Mohanad Razak Mohsen

Theses and Dissertations

A candidate millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequency band and modulation scheme that could fit to many present and future applications has been presented in this work. As is being explored by industry, we also suggest the 30 GHz band as a candidate carrier frequency and non-coherent frequency shift keying (NC-FSK) as a potential modulation scheme for future communication applications. The primary applications are aimed at 5th generation (5G) cellular type systems. Propagation measurements were conducted for outdoor and indoor environments using directional horn antennas for both co-polarized and cross-polarized antenna configurations to model the path loss for our candidate band. The measurements …

Methods For Dynamic Stabilization, Performance Improvement, And Load Power Sharing In Dc Power Distribution Systems, Hessamaldin Abdollahi

Theses and Dissertations

Modern DC power distribution systems (DC-PDS) offer high efficiency and flexibility which make them ideal for mission-critical applications such as on-board power systems of All-Electric ships, electric vehicles, More-Electric-Aircrafts, and DC Microgrids. Despite these attractive features, there are still challenges that need to be addressed. The two most important challenges are system stability and load power sharing. The stability and performance are of concern because DC-PDS are typically formed by the interconnection of several feedback-controlled power converters. The resulting interactions can lead to destabilizing dynamics. Likewise, in a DC-PDS there are several source converters that are operating in parallel to …

Improving Closely Spaced Dim Object Detection Through Improved Multiframe Blind Deconvolution, Ronald M. Aung

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation focuses on improving the ability to detect dim stellar objects that are in close proximity to a bright one, through statistical image processing using short exposure images. The goal is to improve the space domain awareness capabilities with the existing infrastructure. Two new algorithms are developed. The first one is through the Neighborhood System Blind Deconvolution where the data functions are separated into the bright object, the neighborhood system, and the background functions. The second one is through the Dimension Reduction Blind Deconvolution, where the object function is represented by the product of two matrices. Both are designed …

Artificial Intelligence For Helicopter Safety: Head Pose Estimation In The Cockpit, Eric William Feuerstein

Theses and Dissertations

The recent impact of deep learning algorithms and their major breakthroughs on various aspects of our lives has led to the idea to investigate the application of these algorithms in different problem spaces. One of the novel areas of investigation is the aviation and air traffic control domain; as it offers a prime opportunity to enhance safety within the aviation community. Of particular importance to this community is improving the safety of rotorcraft operations, as this segment of the aviation industry is subject to a higher fatal accident rate than other segments of the industry. The improvement of safety for …

Inter-Core Interference Mitigation In A Mixed Criticality System, Michael Glenn Hinton

Theses and Dissertations

In this thesis, we evaluate how well isolation can be achieved between two virtual machines within a mixed criticality system on a multi-core processor. We achieve this isolation with Jailhouse, an open-source, minimalist hypervisor. We then enhance Jailhouse with core throttling, a technique we use to minimize inter-core interference between VMs. Then, we run workloads with and without core throttling to determine the effect throttling has on interference between a non-real time VM and a real-time VM. We find that Jailhouse provides excellent isolation between VMs even without throttling, and that core throttling suppresses the remaining inter-core interference to a …

Design And Analysis Of Fully-Electronic Magnet-Free Non-Reciprocal Metamaterial, Swadesh Poddar

Theses and Dissertations

Reciprocity is a fundamental and very important characteristics of the vast majority of electronic devices, and requires that signals travel in both forward and reverse directions in the same manner. Similarly, electromagnetic non-reciprocity or one way wave propagation, implies that the field created by a source at an observation point is not the same when source and observation points are interchanged. Non-reciprocal devices such as isolators, circulators, phase shifters, polarizers,

switches, tunable resonators, tunable filters, and gyrators enable new applications from radio frequencies to optical frequencies. However, non-reciprocity has been implemented in the past using ferrites in the presence of …

Graphical Convolution Network Based Semi-Supervised Methods For Detecting Pmu Data Manipulation Attacks, Wenyu Wang

Theses and Dissertations

With the integration of information and communications technologies (ICTs) into the power grid, electricity infrastructures are gradually transformed towards smart grid and power systems become more open to and accessible from outside networks. With ubiquitous sensors, computers and communication networks, modern power systems have become complicated cyber-physical systems. The cyber security issues and the impact of potential attacks on the smart grid have become an important issue. Among these attacks, false data injection attack (FDIA) becomes a growing concern because of its varied types and impacts. Several detection algorithms have been developed in the last few years, which were model-based, …

Detection Of Stealthy False Data Injection Attacks Against State Estimation In Electric Power Grids Using Deep Learning Techniques, Qingyu Ge

Theses and Dissertations

Since communication technologies are being integrated into smart grid, its vulnerability to false data injection is increasing. State estimation is a critical component which is used for monitoring the operation of power grid. However, a tailored attack could circumvent bad data detection of the state estimation, thus disturb the stability of the grid. Such attacks are called stealthy false data injection attacks (FDIAs). This thesis proposed a prediction-based detector using deep learning techniques to detect injected measurements. The proposed detector adopts both Convolutional Neural Networks and Recurrent Neural Networks, making full use of the spatial-temporal correlations in the measurement data. …

Health Condition Assessment Of Multi-Chip Igbt Module With Magnetic Flux Density, Xueni Ding

Theses and Dissertations

To achieve efficient conversion and flexible control of electronic energy, insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) power modules as the dominant power semiconductor devices are increasingly applied in many areas such as electric drives, hybrid electric vehicles, railways, and renewable energy systems. It is known that IGBTs are the most vulnerable components in power converter systems. To achieve high power density and high current capability, several IGBT chips are connected in parallel as a multi-chip IGBT module, which makes the power modules less reliable due to a more complex structure. The lowered reliability of IGBT modules will not only cause safety …

Analysis And Computation Of Polaritonic Systems In Infrared Regime For Sensing Applications, Abdelgader Ahmed Alshiekh Alsalhin

Theses and Dissertations

Generally, the aims of this work tend to focus on introducing novel designs for IR-sensing and a solid related knowledge based on computational analysis and investigations for polaritonic systems. This modern field of nanophotonics has been interested and promising nowadays thanks to the development in nano-fabrications and computing power and speed. Therefore, the theme-work is organized into two main parts along with the goals were addressed initially. The first part provides the necessary concepts for different responses of materials exposed to electromagnetic (EM) intensity which usually known as EM-matter interaction. Also, this part highlights how engineering these interactions in nano-scale …

Improving Hardware Implementation Of Cryptographic Aes Algorithm And The Block Cipher Modes Of Operation, Chu-Wen Cheng

Theses and Dissertations

With ever increasing Internet traffic, more business and financial transactions are being conducted online. This is even more so during these days of COVID-19 pandemic when traditional businesses such as traditional face to face educational systems have gone online requiring huge amount of data being exchanged over Internet. Increase in the volume of data sent over the Internet has also increased the security vulnerabilities such as challenging the confidentiality of data being sent over the Internet. Due to sheer volume, all data will need to be effectively encrypted. Due to increase in the volume of data, it is also important …

Modulation And Control Techniques For Performance Improvement Of Micro Grid Tie Inverters, Zeljko Jankovic

Theses and Dissertations

The concept of microgrids is a new building block of smart grid that acts as a single controllable entity which allows reliable interconnection of distributed energy resources and loads and provides alternative way of their integration into power system. Due to its specifics, microgrids require different control strategies and dynamics of regulation as compared to ones used in conventional utility grids. All types of power converters used in microgrid share commonalities which potentially affect high frequency modes of microgrid in same manner. There are numerous unique design requirements imposed on microgrid tie inverters, which are dictated by the nature of …

Signal Processing Combined With Machine Learning For Biomedical Applications, Md Shakhawat Hossain

Theses and Dissertations

The Master’s thesis is comprised of four projects in the realm of machine learning and signal processing. The abstract of the thesis is divided into four parts and presented as follows,

Abstract 1: A Kullback-Leibler Divergence-Based Predictor for Inter-Subject Associative BCI.

Inherent inter-subject variability in sensorimotor brain dynamics hinders the transferability of brain-computer interface (BCI) model parameters across subjects. An individual training session is essential for effective BCI control to compensate for variability. We report a Kullback-Leibler Divergence (KLD)-based predictor for inter-subject associative BCI. An online dataset comprising left/right hand, both feet, and tongue motor imagery tasks was used to …

Computational Method To Calculate Output Current For Gated Spad To Determine Dcr And Pde, Ahmad Salih Azzahrani

Theses and Dissertations

The problem of detecting a single-photon is receiving considerable attention with the development of new single-photon detectors in stressed free-space optical communication, low probability of intercept (LPI) optical communication, quantum communication, and remote sensing. The theoretical modeling of the waveforms of the single-photon detector output produced in particular systems will expedite the search for and analysis of detected signals. A mathematical model of the output current of a single-photon avalanche detector (SPAD) gated with sinusoidal and Gaussian signals is developed and discussed. The mathematical model is combined with existing circuit and physical models to produce a compact model of the …

Graphene Surface Plasmon Applications In Designing Novel Nano-Heterostructure Arrays, Seyededriss Mirniaharikandi

Theses and Dissertations

Graphene is the flat monolayer of carbon atoms constructing a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice with an exotic mechanic, electronic, magnetic, and optical properties. Interestingly, the graphene has been experimentally shown its unique properties in photonics, where the first commercial application of graphene has been realized. Graphene possesses intrinsic plasmons that are electronically tunable, adjustable, and have low dissipation. Recently, the combination of graphene with noble metals and semiconductors structures promises a variety of exciting applications for conventional plasmonics and photonics. In this thesis, we present how to efficiently design heterostructure by combining graphene plasmonic metasurface with noble metals and semiconductors. First, …

A Novel Design Of Broadband Antennas With A Defected Radiating Patch Structure For Wireless Communication Systems, Ali Giuma F Esseid

Theses and Dissertations

Generally, conventional wireless communication systems transfer data between two points through a channel, consisting of broadband with a multi-frequency band. Broadband or multiband is very important in wireless telecommunication devices. It is quickly advancing as high-speed and high-level data rate wireless modern communication technology. In wireless modern communication the antenna plays a very crucial role. Broadband with a multi-frequency band purpose has been the incitement of this research. However, there are a lot of challenges in designing and accomplishing a broadband with a multi-frequency band antenna than with a tight impedance bandwidth single antenna. Appropriate broadband with multi-frequency band antenna …

Developing And Comparing Sensor For Movement Analysis And Biofeedback, Umaiyaal Vasudevaraja

Theses and Dissertations

Background: Recent advances in the field of wearable technology are now at a peak in the sports field and the medical field. The validity, reliability, and application of such systems are still under research and yet to be revealed.

Purpose: This study aims to design and constructing the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) hardware with the required software to collect accelerometer data for potential use in human movement studies and test the efficacy of the collected IMU accelerometer data by comparing it with the motion capture data.

Methods: In this study, the IMU sensor is coupled with the Arduino, loaded with …