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Articles 121 - 150 of 150
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Microfabricated Nanotopological Surfaces For Study Of Adhesion-Dependent Cell Mechanosensitivity, Weiqiang Chen, Yubing Sun, Jianping Fu
Microfabricated Nanotopological Surfaces For Study Of Adhesion-Dependent Cell Mechanosensitivity, Weiqiang Chen, Yubing Sun, Jianping Fu
Weiqiang Chen
Cells exhibit high sensitivity and diverse responses to the intrinsic nanotopography of the extracellular matrix through their nanoscale cellular sensing machinery. A simple microfabrication method for precise control and spatial patterning of the local nanoroughness on glass surfaces by using photolithography and reactive ion etching is reported. It is demonstrated that local nanoroughness as a biophysical cue could regulate a diverse array of NIH/3T3 fi broblast behaviors, including cell morphology, adhesion, proliferation, migration, and cytoskeleton contractility. The capability to control and further predict cellular responses to nanoroughness might suggest novel methods for developing biomaterials mimicking nanotopographic structures in vivo for …
Surface-Micromachined Microfiltration Membranes For Efficient Isolation And Functional Immunophenotyping Of Subpopulations Of Immune Cells, Weiqiang Chen, Nien-Tsu Huang, Boram Oh, Raymond H. W. Lam, Rong Fan, Timothy T. Cornell, Thomas P. Shanley, Katsuo Kurabayashi, Jianping Fu
Surface-Micromachined Microfiltration Membranes For Efficient Isolation And Functional Immunophenotyping Of Subpopulations Of Immune Cells, Weiqiang Chen, Nien-Tsu Huang, Boram Oh, Raymond H. W. Lam, Rong Fan, Timothy T. Cornell, Thomas P. Shanley, Katsuo Kurabayashi, Jianping Fu
Weiqiang Chen
An accurate measurement of the immune status in patients with immune system disorders is critical in evaluating the stage of diseases and tailoring drug treatments. The functional cellular immunity test is a promising method to establish the diagnosis of immune dysfunctions. The conventional functional cellular immunity test involves measurements of the capacity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines when stimulated ex vivo. However, this “bulk” assay measures the overall reactivity of a population of lymphocytes and monocytes, making it difficult to pinpoint the phenotype or real identity of the reactive immune cells involved. In this research, we …
Derivative Estimation With Local Polynomial Fitting, Kris De Brabanter, Jos De Brabanter, Bart De Moor, Irene Gijbels
Derivative Estimation With Local Polynomial Fitting, Kris De Brabanter, Jos De Brabanter, Bart De Moor, Irene Gijbels
Kris De Brabanter
We present a fully automated framework to estimate derivatives nonparametrically without estimating the regression function. Derivative estimation plays an important role in the exploration of structures in curves (jump detection and discontinuities), comparison of regression curves, analysis of human growth data, etc. Hence, the study of estimating derivatives is equally important as regression estimation itself. Via empirical derivatives we approximate the qth order derivative and create a new data set which can be smoothed by any nonparametric regression estimator. We derive L1 and L2 rates and establish consistency of the estimator. The new data sets created by this technique are …
Empirical Data And Regression Analysis For Estimation Of Infrastructure Resilience With Application To Electric Power Outages, Cameron A. Mackenzie, Kash Barker
Empirical Data And Regression Analysis For Estimation Of Infrastructure Resilience With Application To Electric Power Outages, Cameron A. Mackenzie, Kash Barker
Cameron A. MacKenzie
Recent natural disasters have highlighted the need for increased planning for disruptive events. Forecasting damage and time that a system will be inoperable is important for disruption planning. The resilience of critical infrastructure systems, or their ability to recover quickly from a disruption, can mitigate adverse consequences of the disruption. This paper quantifies the resilience of a critical infrastructure sector through the dynamic inoperability input-output model (DIIM). The DIIM, which describes how inoperability propagates through a set of interdependent industry and infrastructure sectors following a disruptive event, includes a resilience parameter that has not yet been adequately assessed. This paper …
Linear Transceiver Design For A Mimo Interfering Broadcast Channel Achieving Max–Min Fairness, Meisam Razaviyayn, Mingyi Hong, Zhi-Quan Luo
Linear Transceiver Design For A Mimo Interfering Broadcast Channel Achieving Max–Min Fairness, Meisam Razaviyayn, Mingyi Hong, Zhi-Quan Luo
Mingyi Hong
This problem can be formulated as maximizing the minimum rate among all the users in an interfering broadcast channel (IBC). In this paper we show that when the number of antennas is at least two at each of the transmitters and the receivers, the min rate maximization problem is NP-hard in the number of users. Moreover, we develop a low-complexity algorithm for this problem by iteratively solving a sequence of convex subproblems. We theoretically establish the global convergence of the proposed algorithm to the set of stationary points, which may be suboptimal due to the non-convexity of the original minimum …
Net Energy Metering For Residences: Impacts Of Tariff Design, John Gardner
Net Energy Metering For Residences: Impacts Of Tariff Design, John Gardner
John Gardner
No abstract provided.
Direct Solution Of Current Density Induced On A Rough Surface By Forward Propagating Waves, Ramakrishna Janaswamy
Direct Solution Of Current Density Induced On A Rough Surface By Forward Propagating Waves, Ramakrishna Janaswamy
Ramakrishna Janaswamy
A new Volterra integral equation of the second kind with square integrable kernel is derived for paraxial propagation of radiowaves over a gently varying, perfectly conducting rough surface. The integral equation is solved exactly in terms of a infinite series and the necessary and sufficient conditions for the solution to exist and converge are established. Super exponential convergence of the Neumann series for arbitrary surface slope is established through asymptotic analysis. Expressions are derived for the determination of the number of terms needed to achieve a given accuracy, the latter depending on the parameters of the rough surface, the frequency …
Effect Of Voltage Polarity And Amplitude On Electroforming Of Tio2 Based Memristive Devices, Hao Jiang, Qiangfei Xia
Effect Of Voltage Polarity And Amplitude On Electroforming Of Tio2 Based Memristive Devices, Hao Jiang, Qiangfei Xia
Qiangfei Xia
Pt/TiO2/Pt/Ti memristive devices were electrically formed to either the ON or OFF state using voltages of the same polarity but with different amplitudes. The forming step dictated the subsequent switching behaviour. A qualitative model based on the creation and migration of oxygen vacancies was proposed to explain the experimental results.
Effect Of Voltage Polarity And Amplitude On Electroforming Of Tio2 Based Memristive Devices, Hao Jiang, Qiangfei Xia
Effect Of Voltage Polarity And Amplitude On Electroforming Of Tio2 Based Memristive Devices, Hao Jiang, Qiangfei Xia
Qiangfei Xia
Pt/TiO2/Pt/Ti memristive devices were electrically formed to either the ON or OFF state using voltages of the same polarity but with different amplitudes. The forming step dictated the subsequent switching behaviour. A qualitative model based on the creation and migration of oxygen vacancies was proposed to explain the experimental results.
Cross Point Arrays Of 8 Nm × 8 Nm Memristive Devices Fabricated With Nanoimprint Lithography, Shuang Pi, Peng Lin, Qiangfei Xia
Cross Point Arrays Of 8 Nm × 8 Nm Memristive Devices Fabricated With Nanoimprint Lithography, Shuang Pi, Peng Lin, Qiangfei Xia
Qiangfei Xia
Building arrays of memristive devices with sub-10 nm lateral dimensions is critical for high packing density, low power consumption, and better uniformity in device performance. Here, the authors demonstrate arrays of 8 × 8 nm2 cross point memristive devices using wet chemical etching and nanoimprint lithography. The devices exhibited nonvolatile bipolar switching with extreme low programming current of 600 pA. The devices also exhibited fast switching speed and improved uniformity and promising endurance and data retention. This work opens the opportunities for memristive devices in the next generation ultrahigh-density data storage and low-power high-speed unconventional computing.
Low Voltage Resistive Switching Devices Based On Chemically Produced Silicon Oxide, Can Li, Hao Jiang, Qiangfei Xia
Low Voltage Resistive Switching Devices Based On Chemically Produced Silicon Oxide, Can Li, Hao Jiang, Qiangfei Xia
Qiangfei Xia
We developed nonvolatile metal/SiOx/Si memristive devices based on ultrathin (∼1 nm) silicon oxide that was produced in a Piranha solution. The devices exhibited repeatable resistive switching behavior with low programming voltages (as low as 0.5 V) and high ON/OFF conductance ratio. Devices with active metals as top electrodes were bipolar switches, while those with inert metal electrodes were unipolar. We also studied the switching mechanisms for both types of devices based on the filament formation and rupture, and proposed conduction models for Pt/SiOx/Si devices.
Mold Cleaning With Polydimethylsiloxane (Pdms) For Nanoimprint Lithography, Peng Lin, Shuang Pi, Jiang Jiang, Qiangfei Xia
Mold Cleaning With Polydimethylsiloxane (Pdms) For Nanoimprint Lithography, Peng Lin, Shuang Pi, Jiang Jiang, Qiangfei Xia
Qiangfei Xia
We present a simple and effective mold cleaning method for nanoimprint lithography. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) prepolymer is spin-coated onto a contaminated imprint mold, thermally cured in an ambient environment, and then peeled off afterwards. Contaminants of 100 s μm to sub-50 nm sizes are effectively cleaned within one cycle. During the cleaning process, a very thin PDMS film (1–2 nm) is uniformly coated onto the mold surface, serving as a protection and anti-sticking layer.
Simultaneous Estimation Of Multi-Relay Mimo Channels, Hani Mehrpouyan, Steven D. Blostein, Björn Ottersten
Simultaneous Estimation Of Multi-Relay Mimo Channels, Hani Mehrpouyan, Steven D. Blostein, Björn Ottersten
Hani Mehrpouyan
This paper addresses training-based channel estimation in distributed amplify-and-forward (AF) multi-input multi-output (MIMO) multi-relay networks. To reduce channel estimation overhead and delay, a training algorithm that allows for simultaneous estimation of the entire MIMO cooperative network’s channel parameters at the destination node is proposed. The exact Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) for the problem is presented in closed-form. Channel estimators that are capable of estimating the overall source-relay-destination channel parameters at the destination are also derived. Numerical results show that while reducing delay, the proposed channel estimators are close to the derived CRLB over a wide range of signal-to-noise ratio values …
New Expression For The Functional Transformation Of The Vector Cramér-Rao Lower Bound, Ali A. Nasir, Hani Mehrpouyan, Rodney A. Kennedy
New Expression For The Functional Transformation Of The Vector Cramér-Rao Lower Bound, Ali A. Nasir, Hani Mehrpouyan, Rodney A. Kennedy
Hani Mehrpouyan
Assume that it is desired to estimate α = f(θ), where f(·) is an r-dimensional function. This paper derives the general expression for the functional transformation of the vector Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB). The derived bound is a tight lower bound on the estimation of uncoupled parameters, i.e., parameters that can be estimated separately. Unlike previous results in the literature, this new expression is not dependent on the inverse of the Fisher’s information matrix (FIM) of the untransformed parameters, θ. Thus, it can be applied to scenarios where the FIM for θ is ill-conditioned or singular. …
Phase Noise And Carrier Frequency Offset In Ofdm Systems: Joint Estimation And Hybrid Cramér-Rao Lower Bound, Omar Hazim Salim, Ali A. Nasir, Hani Mehrpouyan, Wei Xiang
Phase Noise And Carrier Frequency Offset In Ofdm Systems: Joint Estimation And Hybrid Cramér-Rao Lower Bound, Omar Hazim Salim, Ali A. Nasir, Hani Mehrpouyan, Wei Xiang
Hani Mehrpouyan
In this paper, a new iterative pilot-aided algorithm based on expectation conditional maximization (ECM) for joint estimation of Wiener phase noise (PHN) and carrier frequency offset (CFO) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems is proposed. Next, a new expression for the hybrid Cramér-Rao lower bound (HCRB) for joint estimation of PHN and CFO in OFDM systems is derived. Numerical results show that the proposed estimator outperforms existing algorithms in terms of mean square error while performing close to the derived HCRB at moderate PHN variances. Moreover, the proposed estimator is found to be computationally more efficient than existing algorithms …
Dstbc Based Df Cooperative Networks In The Presence Of Timing And Frequency Offsets, Ali A. Nasir, Hani Mehrpouyan, Salman Durrani, Steven D. Blostein, Rodney A. Kennedy, Björn Ottersten
Dstbc Based Df Cooperative Networks In The Presence Of Timing And Frequency Offsets, Ali A. Nasir, Hani Mehrpouyan, Salman Durrani, Steven D. Blostein, Rodney A. Kennedy, Björn Ottersten
Hani Mehrpouyan
In decode-and-forward (DF) relaying networks, the received signal at the destination may be affected by multiple impairments such as multiple channel gains, multiple timing offsets (MTOs), and multiple carrier frequency offsets (MCFOs). This paper proposes novel optimal and sub-optimal minimum mean-square error (MMSE) receiver designs at the destination node to detect the signal in the presence of these impairments. Distributed space-time block codes (DSTBCs) are used at the relays to achieve spatial diversity. The proposed sub-optimal receiver uses the estimated values of multiple channel gains, MTOs, and MCFOs, while the optimal receiver assumes perfect knowledge of these impairments at the …
Overloaded Satellite Receiver Using Sic With Hybrid Beamforming And Ml Detection, Zohair Abu-Shaban, Hani Mehrpouyan, Joel Grotz, Björn Ottersten
Overloaded Satellite Receiver Using Sic With Hybrid Beamforming And Ml Detection, Zohair Abu-Shaban, Hani Mehrpouyan, Joel Grotz, Björn Ottersten
Hani Mehrpouyan
In this paper, a new receiver structure that is intended to detect the signals from multiple adjacent satellites in the presence of other interfering satellites is proposed. We tackle the worst case interference conditions, i.e., it is assumed that uncoded signals that fully overlap in frequency arrive at a multiple-element small-size parabolic antenna in a spatially correlated noise environment. The proposed successive interference cancellation (SIC) receiver, denoted by SIC Hy/ML, employs hybrid beamforming and disjoint maximum likelihood (ML) detection. Depending on the individual signals spatial position, the proposed SIC Hy/ML scheme takes advantage of two types of beamformers: a …
The Influence Of Personality And Ability On Undergraduate Teamwork And Team Performance, Jinny Rhee, David W. Parent, Anuradha Basu
The Influence Of Personality And Ability On Undergraduate Teamwork And Team Performance, Jinny Rhee, David W. Parent, Anuradha Basu
David W. Parent
The ability to work effectively on a team is highly valued by employers, and collaboration among students can lead to intrinsic motivation, increased persistence, and greater transferability of skills. Moreover, innovation often arises from multidisciplinary teamwork. The influence of personality and ability on undergraduate teamwork and performance is not comprehensively understood. An investigation was undertaken to explore correlations between team outcomes, personality measures and ability in an undergraduate population. Team outcomes included various self-, peer- and instructor ratings of skills, performance, and experience. Personality measures and ability involved the Five-Factor Model personality traits and GPA. Personality, GPA, and teamwork survey …
Probabilistic Verification Of Coordinated Multi-Robot Missions, Sagar Chaki, Joseph Giampapa
Probabilistic Verification Of Coordinated Multi-Robot Missions, Sagar Chaki, Joseph Giampapa
Sagar J Chaki
Robots are increasingly used to perform a wide variety of tasks, especially those involving dangerous or inaccessible locations. As the complexity of such tasks grow, robots are being deployed in teams, with complex coordination schemes aimed at maximizing the chance of mission success. Such teams operate under inherently uncertain conditions -- the robots themselves fail, and have to continuously adapt to changing environmental conditions. A key challenge facing robotic mission designers is therefore to construct a mission -- i.e., specify number and type of robots, number and size of teams, coordination and planning mechanisms etc. -- so as to maximize …
Analysis Of Sensor Data In Cyber-Physical System, Xianglong Kong
Analysis Of Sensor Data In Cyber-Physical System, Xianglong Kong
Xianglong Kong
Cyber-Physical System (CPS) become more and more importance from industrial application (e.g., aircraft control, automation management) to societal challenges (e.g. health caring, environment monitoring). It has traditionally been designed to one specific application domain and to be managed by a single entity, implemented communication between physical world and computational world. However, it still just work within its domain, and not be interoperability. How to make it into scalable? How to make it reusing? These questions become more and more necessary. In this paper, we are trying to developing a common CPS infrastructure, let it be an innovative CPS crossing multiple …
Temperature-Dependent Absorption Cross-Section Measurements Of 1-Butene (1-C4h8) In Vuv And Ir, Et-Touhami Es-Sebbar, Yves Benilan, Aamir Farooq
Temperature-Dependent Absorption Cross-Section Measurements Of 1-Butene (1-C4h8) In Vuv And Ir, Et-Touhami Es-Sebbar, Yves Benilan, Aamir Farooq
Dr. Et-touhami Es-sebbar
Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) and infrared (IR) absorption cross-section measurements of 1-butene (1-C4H8; CH2=CHCH2CH3; Butylene) are reported over the temperature range of 296–529 K. The VUV measurements are performed between 115 and 205 nm using synchrotron radiation as a tunable VUV light source. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is employed to measure absorption cross-section and band strengths in the IR region between 1.54 and 25 μm (∼6500–400 cm−1). The measured room-temperature VUV and IR absorption cross-sections are compared with available literature data and are found to be in good agreement. The oscillator strength for the electronic transition (A1A′→X1A′) around 150–205 nm …
Design And Practical Implementation Of A Simple Data Acquisition System For Photovoltaic Applications, Dr. Adel A. Elbaset
Design And Practical Implementation Of A Simple Data Acquisition System For Photovoltaic Applications, Dr. Adel A. Elbaset
Dr. Adel A. Elbaset
There are several commercial systems for testing PV modules under field conditions but they are expensive. This paper presents a design and implementation of a simple, low cost and high efficient data acquisition system for testing the photovoltaic modules under different operating conditions (different solar radiation levels and surface temperatures). It has been designed to be the laboratory basic element for the photovoltaic generators characterization. This data acquisition system is designed to acquire and then records the signals from the different sensors that are used for measuring the different parameters of the PV system. These measurements of the different parameter …
Connectivity Of Wireless Ad Hoc Networks: Impacts Of Antenna Models, Qiu Wang, Hong-Ning Dai, Qinglin Zhao
Connectivity Of Wireless Ad Hoc Networks: Impacts Of Antenna Models, Qiu Wang, Hong-Ning Dai, Qinglin Zhao
Hong-Ning Dai
This paper concerns the impact of various antenna models on the network connectivity of wireless ad hoc networks. Existing antenna models have their pros and cons in the accuracy reflecting realistic antennas and the computational complexity. We therefore propose a new directional antenna model called Approx-real to balance the accuracy against the complexity. We then run extensive simulations to compare the existing models and the Approx-real model in terms of the network connectivity. The study results show that the Approx-real model can better approximate the best accurate existing antenna models than other simplified antenna models, while introducing no high computational …
On Busy-Tone Based Mac Protocol For Wireless Networks With Directional Antennas, Hong-Ning Dai, Kam-Wing Ng, Min-You Wu
On Busy-Tone Based Mac Protocol For Wireless Networks With Directional Antennas, Hong-Ning Dai, Kam-Wing Ng, Min-You Wu
Hong-Ning Dai
The application of directional antennas in wireless ad hoc networks offers numerous benefits, such as the extended communication range, the increased spatial reuse, the improved capacity and the suppressed interference. However, directional antennas can cause new location-dependent carrier sensing problems, such as new hidden terminal and deafness problems, which can severely degrade the network performance. Recently, a few schemes have been proposed to address these problems. However, most of these existing methods can only partially solve the hidden terminal and deafness problems. Some of them even bring significant performance overhead. In this paper, we propose a novel MAC protocol, in …
Eavesdropping Security In Wireless Ad Hoc Networks With Directional Antennas, Qiu Wang, Hong-Ning Dai, Qinglin Zhao
Eavesdropping Security In Wireless Ad Hoc Networks With Directional Antennas, Qiu Wang, Hong-Ning Dai, Qinglin Zhao
Hong-Ning Dai
The eavesdropping security of wireless ad hoc networks has attracted considerable attention recently. However, most of current studies only consider OMN networks, where each node is mounted with a single omni-directional antenna, which radiates radio signals in all directions and consequently leads to the high eavesdropping possibility. Compared with an omnidirectional antenna, a directional antenna can concentrate the radio signals on some desired directions so that it can potentially reduce the eavesdropping possibility. This paper investigates the eavesdropping security of wireless ad hoc networks equipped with directional antennas. In particular, we study the eavesdropping possibility of OMN networks, SDA networks …
An Overview Of Using Directional Antennas In Wireless Networks, Hong-Ning Dai, Kam-Wing Ng, Min-You Wu
An Overview Of Using Directional Antennas In Wireless Networks, Hong-Ning Dai, Kam-Wing Ng, Min-You Wu
Hong-Ning Dai
Compared with omni-directional antennas, directional antennas have many merits, such as lower interference, better spatial reuse, longer transmission range and the improved network capacity. Directional antennas enable numerous emerging outdoor and indoor applications, which have been addressed in many recent studies. Despite the advances in wireless networks with directional antennas (DAWNs), there are many research challenges in all layers of DAWNs. This paper presents a detailed study on recent advances and open research issues on DAWNs. Firstly, we briefly introduce the classification of directional antennas, antenna radiation patterns, antenna modes as well as the challenges in the physical layer of …
Channel Allocation In Wireless Networks With Directional Antennas, Hong-Ning Dai, Kam-Wing Ng, Min-You Wu
Channel Allocation In Wireless Networks With Directional Antennas, Hong-Ning Dai, Kam-Wing Ng, Min-You Wu
Hong-Ning Dai
In this paper, we study the channel allocation in multi-channel wireless ad hoc networks with directional antennas. In particular, we investigate the problem: given a set of wireless nodes equipped with directional antennas, how many channels are needed to ensure collision-free communications? We derive the upper bounds on the number of channels, which heavily depend on the node density and the interference ratio (i.e., the ratio of the interference range to the transmission range). We construct several scenarios to examine the tightness of the derived bounds. We also take the side-lobes and back-lobes as well as the signal path loss …
On Eavesdropping Attacks In Wireless Sensor Networks With Directional Antennas, Hong-Ning Dai, Qiu Wang, Dong Li, Raymond Chi-Wing Wong
On Eavesdropping Attacks In Wireless Sensor Networks With Directional Antennas, Hong-Ning Dai, Qiu Wang, Dong Li, Raymond Chi-Wing Wong
Hong-Ning Dai
The eavesdropping attack is a serious security threat to a wireless sensor network (WSN) since the eavesdropping attack is a prerequisite for other attacks. Conventional WSNs consist of wireless nodes equipped with omnidirectional antennas, which broadcast radio signals in all directions and are consequently prone to the eavesdropping attacks. Different from omnidirectional antennas, directional antennas radiate radio signals on desired directions and potentially reduce the possibility of the eavesdropping attacks. In this paper, we propose a model to analyze the eavesdropping probability in both single-hop WSNs and multihop WSNs with omnidirectional antennas and directional antennas. We verify the correctness of …
Neural Control Of Hypersonic Flight Vehicle Model Via Time-Scale Decomposition With Throttle Setting Constraint, Bin Xu
Bin Xu
Considering the use of digital computers and samplers in the control circuitry, this paper describes the controller design in discrete time for the longitudinal dynamics of a generic hypersonic flight vehicle (HFV) with Neural Network (NN). Motivated by time-scale decomposition, the states are decomposed into slow dynamics of velocity, altitude and fast dynamics of attitude angles. By command transformation, the reference command for γ − θp − q subsystem is derived from h − γ subsystem. Furthermore, to simplify the backstepping design, we propose the controller for γ − θp − q subsystem from prediction function without virtual controller. For …
Flexibility And Efficiency Of New Analytical Method For Solving Systems Of Linear And Nonlinear Differential Equations, Habibolla Latifizadeh
Flexibility And Efficiency Of New Analytical Method For Solving Systems Of Linear And Nonlinear Differential Equations, Habibolla Latifizadeh
H. L. Zadeh
No abstract provided.