Engineering Commons^™

Selected Chemoautotrophic Processes In Wastewater Treatment: Low Temperature Nitrification Inhibition By An Azo Dye And Biofiltration For Odor Control Of Hydrogen Sulfide, Ronald W. Martin Jr.

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open

Biochemical processes by chemoautotrophs such as nitrifiers and sulfide and iron oxidizers are used extensively in wastewater treatment. The research described in this dissertation involved the study of two selected biological processes utilized in wastewater treatment mediated by chemoautotrophic bacteria: nitrification (biological removal of ammonia and nitrogen) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) removal from odorous air using biofiltration.

A municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) receiving industrial dyeing discharge containing the azo dye, acid black 1 (AB1) failed to meet discharge limits, especially during the winter. Dyeing discharge mixed with domestic sewage was fed to sequencing batch reactors at 22oC and 7oC. …

Classification Of Railroad Crossings In Indiana For Roughness, Thomas A. Williams

JTRP Technical Reports

The objective of this research was to determine if roughness data on railroad crossings could be extracted from INDOT’s road network database in order to determine the need and priority of repair projects. This “railroad roughness” was to be correlated to the general public’s perception of riding comfort by using the panel rating method. From this information a Railroad Crossing Index (RCI) would be developed so that the INDOT could search the database to generate a list of crossings that require repair and prioritize them. To calculate RCI four methods were proposed: 1. The first proposed method for generating RCI …

Construction Work Zone Safety, Christopher Ryan Huebschman, Camilo Garcia, Darcy M. Bullock, Dulcy M. Abraham

JTRP Technical Reports

The need of maintaining safety of motorists and workers during periods of construction activities on interstates has prompted the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) to initiate a study aimed at improving the safety in work zones on rural interstates. The two main objectives of the project are 1) determine if active warning devices or improved signing have an impact in work zone safety and 2) determine if it is appropriate to consider temporary roads and bridges during construction activity on interstates in an effort to maintain two lanes open at all times. This report describes the methods used to meet …

Development Of A Database And System For Analyzing The Actual And Potential Impacts On The Environment Of Existing And Planned Indot Sites, Lynn A. Corson

JTRP Technical Reports

The objectives of this research were: 1. to identify the source, character, currency and format of environmental, ecological, geological and other data for each existing facility site and organize it in a “hard copy” and/or computerized framework to aid the prioritization and planning process for facility upgrades to protect the environment, for regulatory compliance, and for potential replacement or relocation of existing sites; 2. to identify and assess the criteria currently employed by INDOT to select locations for new and/or relocated facilities, including the ASTM Phase I and II Environmental Site Assessment criteria, and to recommend additional criteria including those …

The Effectiveness Of Maintenance And Its Impact On Capital Expenditures, Samuel Labi, Kumares C. Sinha

JTRP Technical Reports

With ever increasing traffic loadings, highway pavement maintenance needs continue to outpace the availability of resources, and transportation agencies seek cost-effective maintenance practices. This study investigated the effectiveness of maintenance treatments in the short-term and the cost effectiveness of maintenance strategies over entire pavement life. The study also analyzed the relationships and trade-offs between maintenance and capital investments such as pavement rehabilitation, and the trade-offs between preventive and corrective maintenance. These analyses were carried out through a work sequence that included analyses of historical trends, literature review, and a questionnaire survey. The study found that there are significant benefits associated …

An Investigation On Transversely Prestressed Concrete Bridge Decks, J. A. Ramirez, Jhon Paul Smith

JTRP Technical Reports

This study is concerned with the development of design specifications for the use of transverse post-tensioning in concrete bridge decks. The ultimate goal behind this proposal is to improve the durability of concrete bridge superstructures. Experimental results from previous studies are used to validate the analytical models implemented in the development of the design specifications. It is found that the required distribution of transverse post-tensioning is such that different application levels of prestressing are required in regions containing the interior and exterior (or outermost) diaphragms. It is also concluded that the magnitude of such transverse forces is a function of …

Investigation Of Novel Acoustic Barrier Concepts Phase I: Concept Development And Preliminary Evaluation, Luc Mongeau, J. Stuart Bolton, Sanghoon Suh

JTRP Technical Reports

In a previous research project [SPR 2418; "Study of the performance of acoustic barriers for Indiana toll roads,"] the influence of environmental factors and of advanced sound barrier concepts was investigated. The presence of temperature gradients over pavements was found to have a strong influence on sound propagation. Refraction of sound waves emitted by tire-road interactions in the vicinity of the ground also affects sound barrier performance. Modified ray tracing model suggested that prevailing winds have an influence on barrier performance at large distances. Randomized edge configurations were found not to improve barrier performance for traffic noise. Random edges simply …

Maintenance Quality Assurance Program, Bob G. Mccullouch

JTRP Technical Reports

An INDOT maintenance QA program has been developed and implemented at the activity level. Every maintenance activity is checked and evaluated by QA guidelines. One area that has been considered as an ideal candidate for QA is at the management level of maintenance operations. This program uses a random sample population at a certain confidence level to evaluate the maintenance condition of INDOT roads. Five categories are evaluated: pavement, roadside features, shoulder, drainage, and traffic control. A field inspection program utilizes INDOT personnel and resources. A scoring program yields results that provides for category and individual item evaluations. Data collected …

Traffic Signals In School Zones, Kevin S. Lee, Darcy M. Bullock

JTRP Technical Reports

Traffic signals are used to control the right of way at intersections. Strict engineering guidelines are published in the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) that engineers use to determine if a traffic signal is “warranted”. The warrants provide consistent national balance between mobility, safety, efficiency, and costs. However, signalized intersections are often viewed by the general public as safer then unsignalized intersections. This belief is often heightened when there are personal injuries and even higher when children are involved. Parents, city officials, and local interest groups often vigorously request the installation of a traffic signal. After these requests …

Weigh-In-Motion Data Checking And Imputation, Ting Wei, Jon D. Fricker

JTRP Technical Reports

There are about 46 weigh-in-motion (WIM) stations in Indiana. When operating properly, they provide valuable information on traffic volumes, vehicle classifications, and axle weights. Because there are great amounts of WIM data collected everyday, the quality of these data should be monitor without further delay. The first objective of this study is to develop effective and efficient methods to identify missing or erroneous WIM data. The second objective is to develop a data imputation method to update the missing or erroneous data. This report describes the WIM data checking process on both a monthly and a daily basis. The Weigh-In-Motion …

Bs News

Building Services Engineering

No abstract provided.

Simplified Shear Design Of Prestressed Concrete Members, Robert J. Frosch, Tyler S. Wolf

JTRP Technical Reports

Design methods for the shear resistance of reinforced and prestressed concrete beams are based on empirical evidence. Due to different approaches in their development different equations are used to calculate the shear strength of reinforced and prestressed concrete. Recent research conducted by Tureyen has proposed a simplified shear model for reinforced concrete which is primarily based upon mechanics and corresponds well with a wide range of test results. The objective of this research was to determine the applicability of the shear model to prestressed concrete. The applicability of the shear model was evaluated by a comparison of its results with …

Use Of Modulus Of Rupture, Fatigue Resistance And Maturity In Determining Opening To Traffic Time For Concrete Pavements, J. Olek, Menashi D. Cohen, Charles F. Scholer, Deepak R. Mandrekar

JTRP Technical Reports

The main objective of this experimental and analytical research project was to develop maturity-based guidelines for early opening-to-traffic of concrete pavements in the state of Indiana. Currently, the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) specifies that pavements can be opened to traffic when the concrete reaches the strength of at least 3.8 MPa (550 psi). During this study modulus of rupture (MOR) and maturity data were collected and strength gain characteristics were analyzed. Also, fatigue experiments were performed at different stress levels and ages. Based on the experimental results, modulus of rupture of concrete was correlated with corresponding fatigue life for …

Effects Of Oxide Coating And Selected Cations On Nitrate Reduction By Iron Metal, Yong H. Huang, Tian Zhang, Patrick J. Shea, Steve D. Comfort

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering: Faculty Publications

Under anoxic conditions, zerovalent iron (Fe⁰) reduces nitrate to and magnetite (Fe₃O₄) is produced at near-neutral pH. removal was most rapid at low pH (2–4); however, the formation of a black oxide film at pH 5 to 8 temporarily halted or slowed reaction unless the system was augmented with Fe²⁺, Cu²⁺, or Al³⁺. Bathing the corroding Fe⁰ in a Fe²⁺ solution greatly enhanced nitrate reduction at near-neutral pH and coincided with the formation of a black precipitate. X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that both …

Investigation Of Bridge Deck Cracking In Various Bridge Superstructure Systems, Robert J. Frosch, David Todd Blackman, Roger Dwight Radabaugh

JTRP Technical Reports

Many bridges in the state of Indiana have been identified to have cracking in the concrete deck. Cracking has been identified in the negative and positive moment regions of bridges on both the top and bottom surfaces and can appear before or shortly after the opening of the structure to live loads. Significant crack widths and various degrees of cracking exist in different bridge systems including both concrete and steel superstructures. This research project was divided into five phases to determine the factors affecting transverse and longitudinal bridge deck cracking, as well as, to develop design recommendations that minimize or …

Boussinesq Model And The Relative Trough Froude Number (Rtfn) For Wave Breaking, Takashi Okamoto

Civil & Environmental Engineering Theses & Dissertations

The relative trough Froude number (RTFN) theory is a new phase-resolving type, wave breaking trigger model introduced by Utku (1999) and Utku and Basco (2002). Based on the moving hydraulic jump concept, this model provides a better implementation of wave breaking in terms of hydrodynamics. Development of computer resources permits the use of the phase-resolving type, Boussinesq wave models in nearshore areas. The Boussinesq equation, however, does not include the physics of wave breaking, so that an additional mechanism is required to initiate wave breaking in the model. The main objective of this study is to develop a new wave …

Potential For Use Of Sand In Road Construction In Dar Es Salaam And Coast Regions, Mfinanga A

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Coarse aggregates for use in road construction in Dar es Salaam and Coast regions are becoming increasingly scarce and expensive while sand, which is cheaper, is readily available in the two regions. This research aimed at evaluating the possibility of using quarry sands in the two regions as a major constituent material in bituminous road pavement layers. First, the use of sand in sand-bitumen bases for low and medium trafficked roads was studied. The study then continued with the preliminary evaluation of the possible use of the sands in hot rolled asphalt mixes. Results show that Mbagala sand can be …

Sustainable Data Acquisition Methods For Road Maintenance Management In Developing Countries, N. K.M. Mushule

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Whilst it may be argued that manual methods of pavement data collection are subjective, unsafe, involve high personnel costs and have low repeatability, the initial costs of acquiring automated systems coupled with the technology required to operate and maintain them can be prohibitive for most developing countries. Moreover, automatic measurement of surface distress has proved to be a difficult challenge to instrument designers. In many cases, manual methods are the only ones that can be employed. A research project was carried out to design a sustainable data collection scheme for network level management system for developing countries. A simple procedure …

Iodat Analysis Content In Cooking Ingredients Using Iodometry And X-Ray Fluorescence Methods., Nelson Saksono

Makara Journal of Technology

Iodat Analysis Content in Cooking Ingredients Using Iodometry and X-ray Fluorescence Methods. Salt iodization program using iodine fortification into salt method is the best method that is effective and economical to overcome the problems caused by iodine deficiency. However in, its development there are some issues clamed that the use of iodized salt is ineffective since iodine content reduces, even disappear when the salt mix with other cooking ingredients. In order to investigated the existence of iodine in cooking ingredients, a research applying iodometry and X-ray fluorescence methods was carry out. The result obtained by iodometry method showed decreases in …

Emission Gas Reducer On Motor Vehicle, Automobile, Light Engine Of Boat And Stationary Combustion Engine., I Gusti Bagus Wijaya Kusuma

Makara Journal of Technology

Emission gas reducer on motor vehicle, automobile, light engine of boat and stationary combustion engine. The use of motor vehicle should be followed by protection against damages on the environment, since the exhaust gas from combustion engine has significantly affect on air and environmental pollution. One method to solve the problems in air pollution has been done by using a re-heater designed in Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Udayana. In accordance to the test on the re-heater, it can be seen very clear that the re-heater has significantly reduce the CO emission of about 54%. It also reduces the CO2 …

Application Of Remote Sensing For Mapping Soil Organic Matter Content, Bangun Muljo Sukojo, Wahono Wahono

Makara Journal of Technology

Application of Remote Sensing for Mapping Soil Organic Matter Content. Information organic content is important in monitoring and managing the environment as well as doing agricultural production activities. This research tried to map soil organic content in Malang using remote sensing technology. The research uses 6 bands of data captured by Landsat TM (Thematic Mapper) satellite (band 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7). The research focuses on pixels having Normalized Difference Soil Index (NDSI) more than 0.3. Ground-truth data were collected by analysing organic content of soil samples using Black-Walkey method. The result of analysis shows that digital number of …

Optimation Model Of Planning Investment Dockyard With Approach Multi Objective Goal Programming, Ali Azhar

Makara Journal of Technology

Optimation model of planning investment dockyard with approach multi objective goal programming. The purpose of this research is to determine decision variable, goal function, alternative priority and achievement function in investment planning. From this optimation component, the model of ship yard investment planning could be achieved. The model of developed model in this research was the optimation of ship yard investment planning using multi objective goal programming approach. The model consist of 5 decision variable, 11 goal function, 2 alternative priority and 11 achievement functions. The model implementation was done toward PT ASSI investment planning. The calculation using from Quantitative …

Self-Ignition Properties Of Peat, Palm Shell Fibre And Woods, Yulianto Sulistyo Nugroho

Makara Journal of Technology

Self-ignition properties of peat, palm shell fibre and woods. Forest fire is one of the greatest environmental problems faced by Indonesia. Forest fires have destroyed million hectares of forest and land which cause economic loss, social problems including smoke related diseases and environmental disaster with long time consequences. The exothermic reactions of forest fuels that lead to fire can be initiated by a piloted flame and low-temperature oxidation mechanism. This paper presents the results of low temperature oxidation studies using forests fuel samples i.e. palm shell fibre, peat, woods and low-rank coal. The measured values of the critical oven temperatures …

The Use Of 2d Plastic Grating For Surface Profile And Dimension Manufacture Product Measurements By Using Ndt Moiré Technique, Retno Wigajatri P., Dini Andiani

Makara Journal of Technology

The Use of 2D Plastic Grating for Surface Profile and Dimension Manufacture Product Measurements by Using NDT Moiré Technique. Research of measuring the shape and dimension of object using the moiré technique have been done. Measurement have been made by observing the moiré space as a result of interaction between grating and its shadow casted on the object’s surface caused by the projector lamp with CCD camera. The acquired data was further processed by way of off-line. By successive phase shifts that is π/2, π dan 3π/2 towards the table tennis ball at the distance of 48 cm from the …

Bs News

Building Services Engineering

No abstract provided.

Using The Ltpp Database In A Pavement Design Course, Norbert J. Delatte

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

The Strategic Highway Research Program Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) database provides considerable information about a large number of pavement test sections. The information may be easily accessed using DataPave 2.0 software, available free from the Federal Highway Administration. This software provides information on approximately 3,000 sections, with several modules for data analysis and extraction. This paper describes the integration of LTPP DataPave 2.0 software into a pavement design course. The database was used at several points throughout the course, including lessons on traffic characterization, materials, reliability, performance, and design. Twelve Texas pavement case studies were used. Each student was …

Bs News

Building Services Engineering

No abstract provided.

Moisture Migration In Concrete Slabs During Drying, Niall Holmes, Roger West

Conference papers

This paper presents the profiles of relative humidity (RH) readings taken at various depths in concrete slabs during a time period of over 230 days using probes attached to a humidity-reading device. It also examines the effect ambient conditions have on the drying process. For the experimental work, two sets of slabs were tested, one in a controlled environment with an elevated temperature and the other in a laboratory at room temperatures. It was found, not surprisingly that the slabs in the controlled room appeared to dry out at a much faster rate than those held at room temperature. However, …

An Evaluation Of Facility Maintenance And Repair Strategies Of Select Companies, Christopher L. Sharp

Theses and Dissertations

Although initial construction costs are high, the cost of operation and maintenance over a facilities life-cycle is significantly higher. A common challenge for facility maintenance professionals is balancing the cost of facility Maintenance and Repair (M&R) with the benefits derived from those facilities. This thesis documents how a selection of companies implemented that balance by determining their facilities requirements based on their chosen facility condition level and how they then allocated funds. The research effort consisted of interviews with facility maintenance professionals at each company selected. The data was then used to perform a multiple case study analysis and comparison …

Bs News

Building Services Engineering

No abstract provided.