Engineering Commons^™

Ronan Point Apartment Tower Collapse And Its Effect On Building Codes, Cynthia Pearson, Norbert Delatte

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

In the early morning hours of May 16, 1968, the occupant of apartment 90 on the 18th floor of the 22-story Ronan Point apartment tower, in London, lit a match to brew her morning cup of tea. The resulting gas explosion initiated a partial collapse of the structure that killed four people and injured 17 (one of whom subsequently died). On investigation, the apartment tower was found to be deeply flawed in both design and construction. The existing building codes were found to be inadequate for ensuring the safety and integrity of high-rise precast concrete apartment buildings. The Larsen–Nielson building …

Minimum Velocities For The Suspension Of Fine Sediment In The Green River Canal, Michael W. Stoeber

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

This paper focuses on a canal in the Gunnison Valley, located in central Utah, which diverts water from the sediment-laden Green River. Grain size analyses were performed on sediment samples taken from the canal. These grain size analyses were used to determine the grain size distribution of the fine sediment, classify the fine sediment, and compare the fine sediment to a sediment deposit in the Green River. The critical incipient velocity for the D₅₀ and D₁₀₀ and the critical grain entrainment velocity corresponding to the D₉₅ were determined through flume experimentation. Two methods, developed by prior researchers, …

Failure Of Cold-Formed Steel Beams During Concrete Placement, Norbert Delatte

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

During a concrete placement on the second story of a building under construction, the supporting cold-formed steel beams collapsed. Four workers were injured. The collapse occurred while concrete was being placed onto steel decking on the second floor of the structure. Cold-formed steel beams, without shoring, supported the steel decking. Analysis of the steel beams under the weight of concrete and workers using the applicable American Concrete Institute and American Iron and Steel Institute documents indicated that the beams were overstressed for construction loads. After the collapse, part of the structure was rebuilt using thicker beams. For the reconstruction, the …

Bs News

Building Services Engineering

No abstract provided.

Inside Unlv, Erin O'Donnell, Diane Russell, Carol C. Harter

Inside UNLV

No abstract provided.

3d Modelling With Linear Approaches Using Geometric Primitives, Mochammad Zuliansyah

Makara Journal of Technology

In this paper, we study linear approaches for 3D model acquisition from non-calibrated images. First, the intrinsic and extrinsic camera calibration is taken into consideration. In particular, we study the use of a specific calibration primitive: the parallelepiped. Parallelepipeds are frequently present in man-made environments and naturally encode the affine structure of the scene. Any information about their euclidean structure (angles or ratios of edge lengths), possibly combined with information about camera parameters is useful to obtain the euclidean reconstruction. We propose an elegant formalism to incorporate such information, in which camera parameters are dual to parallelepiped parameters, i.e. any …

Bs News

Building Services Engineering

No abstract provided.

Synthesis Dibenzyl Terephthalate Through Depolimerization Of Poly (Ethylene Terephthalate) As Alternative Of Waste Plastics Recycling, Suwardi Suwardi, Crys Fajar Partana, Agus Salim, Dyah Anitasari

Makara Journal of Technology

Synthesis Dibenzyl Terephthalate Through Depolimerization of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) as Alternative of Waste Plastics Recycling. Synthesis dibenzyl terephathalate were done through PET degradation by refluxing in benzyl alcohol at 145oC temperature for 20, 24, and 28 hours in the presence of zinc acetate catalyst. The result of degradation was purified by recristalization in methanol and then melting point (mp), FTIR, 1H NMR spectra, and TLC spot were determined. The melting point of product degradation for 28 hours was 98-99 oC. Based FTIR spectra known that compunds of product degradation have OH, C=O, C-O, CH, monosubstituted benzene, disubstituted benzene groups, while on …

Dipole Magnetization Effect To Kerosene Characteristics, Mochamad Chalid, Nelson Saksono, Adiwar Adiwar, Nono Darsono

Makara Journal of Technology

Dipole Magnetization Effect to Kerosene Characteristics. Investigation of kerosene characteristics has been done by ex-situ dipole magnetization. The results show that magnetization technique can be able to influence kerosene characteristics. Polarity and viscosity of the kerosene are observed by measuring refractive index and viscosity. An hour of 4330 Gauss flux magnetic will increase refractive index from 1.447 to 1.449 and decrease the viscosity from 1.278 to 1.256. Those changing support de-clustering occurrence and polarity increment of kerosene molecule. Gas chromatography and infrared result show that those changing do not alter kerosene structure and composition.

Study Of 2d And 3d Optical Beam Induced Voltage Imaging Using Photoresistor Sensor, Warsito Warsito, Sri Wahyu Suciyati, Susi Harnani, Akhmad Dzakwan

Makara Journal of Technology

Study of 2D and 3D Optical Beam Induced Voltage Imaging Using Photoresistor Sensor. This article shows a method to study OBIV (optical beam induced voltage) imagerie system, that usually employ a laser scanning microscopy system. The OBIV imagerie system developed use a photoresistor sensor as a sample and simultaneously it can be used for analyzing its inhomogeneity response. Resolution of the system is still low, about 350μm due to high value of incident light diameter. The results inform that photoresistor sensors gave an optimum response if the incident light hits the center of sensible zone.

Flexi Radio Base Station (Rbs) Performance Analysis Of Voice And Trafic On Kota 2 Jakarta Barat Base Station Control (Bsc), Mushfar Ferdian, Fitri Yuli Zulkifli

Makara Journal of Technology

Flexi Radio Base Station (RBS) Performance Analysis of Voice and Trafic on Kota 2 Jakarta Barat Base Station Control (BSC). The CDMA 2000 technology uses circuit switch method to handle voice traffic and packet switch method to handle data traffic between the user and RBS (Radio Base Station). These two parameters can be used to measure performance of the network generally, so it is necessary to optimize them. This paper analyze the performance of RBS by measuring its parameters such as set up failure ratio, drop ratio, and occupancy. Furthermore, the traffic increment is calculated too in order to provide …

Water Quality Of Rivers And Ponds On Dki Jakarta, Diana Hendrawan

Makara Journal of Technology

Water Quality of Rivers and Ponds on DKI Jakarta. Thirteen big rivers, some small rivers, and 40 ponds spread over districts at Jakarta city are potential to support human being life. As the population is growing and the usage of stream water is increasing, the condition and quality of rivers and ponds are changing. Crowd housing can affect rivers and ponds pollution, as the people awareness about clean and healthy environment is less. Stream water pollution assessment can be done by counting the effect of pollutant to life of stream water organisms. This assessment unit could be classified into physics, …

Time Domain Characterization Of 1-2 Ghz Circular-Ended Bowtie Antenna Using Normalizad Impulse Response, Joko Suryana, Andriyan B. Suksmono, Tati R. Mengko

Makara Journal of Technology

Time Domain Characterization of 1-2 GHz Circular-ended Bowtie Antenna Using Normalizad Impulse Response. Frequency domain analysis is a powerful and compact tool for characterizing the antenna parameters such as gain, radiation pattern and the impedance as a function of frequency. However, if time or space is a major concern, such as in the GPR appication, the time domain analysis would be a very important tool due to their unique capability for determining the echo delay and range profile of target image. In this paper, we will describe the classical theory of system characterization in time domain, and then also propose …

Composite Action System And Method: U.S. Patent No. Us 6,871,462 B2, Atorod Azizinamini

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering: Faculty Publications

The present invention provides a composite action system and a method for fabricating the same to meet OSHA safety requirements and allow for welding off the work site. An improved structural system achieves the desired composite behavior by providing one or more structural members, plates coupled with the structural members, transverse reinforcing members passing through apertures in the plates, and additional reinforcing members positioned parallel and transverse to the structural members to provide an interlocking composite action between the structural members, reinforcing members, and concrete.

System Identification Of Base-Isolated Building Using Seismic Response Data, T. Furukawa, M. Ito, K. Izawa, Mohammad N. Noori

Office of the Dean (CENG) Scholarship

Due to the complex nature of the excitation, and the inherent dynamics characteristics of restoring force of the base isolation systems, the response of base-isolated structures subject to strong earthquakes often experiences excursion into the inelastic range. Therefore, in designing base-isolated structures, the nonlinear hysteretic restoring force model of the base isolation system is frequently used to predict structural response and to evaluate structural safety. In this paper, the prediction error method system identification technique is used in conjunction with nonlinear state-space models for identification of a base-isolated structure. Using a variety of nonlinear restoring force models and bidirectional recorded …

Development Of Multiple Growth Strategies For Use In Developing Traffic Forecasts: A Robustness Approach, Deogratias Eustace, Eugene R. Russell, E. Dean Landman

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Engineering Mechanics Faculty Publications

Decisions that may be based on misleading forecasts may lead to a misallocation of funds and to under-performing projects during construction and operation. Poor projections of demographic and socioeconomic data are usually cited as the major source of poor traffic assignment projections and hence, unfavorably conceived planning and construction of street and highway infrastructure facilities.

This report evaluated the accuracy of long range projections by using a transportation study done the in 1970s, projecting transportation demand 20 years into the future. The projected travel model inputs were compared with what actually happened after the horizon year had been reached and …

Usable Design Of Civil Engineer Information Systems, Gunther Kastenholz

Theses and Dissertations

This research used a case study methodology where one instrument used to collect data was a heuristic usability inspection method. Data was collected from a literature review of pertinent Civil Engineer information system design documents, and conclusions drawn about the existing level of specification of usability engineering principles. The heuristic usability inspection method was used to validate the conclusions drawn through inspection of an information system representative of other Civil Engineer information systems, the Automated Civil Engineer System Personnel Readiness module.

Bs News

Building Services Engineering

No abstract provided.

Development And Evaluation Of Lime Mortars For Restoration Of Historic Buildings And Monuments, Tarek Said Mahfouz

Archived Theses and Dissertations

Monuments and historic buildings and sites are regarded as a national treasure of any country. This is particularly true for Egypt that possesses a wealth of historic and heritage buildings covering the entire life span of human civilization. It must be preserved and safeguarded not only as historic evidences but also as works of art. Most of these structures used lime based mortars as binding material. These structures are deteriorating at a rate faster than our ability to renovate them. The repair and rehabilitation of old historic walls and mortars involve a complex interaction of existing and new elements. Engineers …

Bs News

Building Services Engineering

No abstract provided.

Behavior Of Structural Concrete Members Strengthened By Composite Fabrics, Jian Chen

Dissertations

The new technique of using Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) materials to repair and strengthen various concrete members is becoming more and more popular in structural retrofitting field. Among all the confining materials, Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) fabric jackets are identified as an effective way to enhance the strength and ductility of concrete members due to its superior mechanical properties. This study investigates the detailed structural behavior of confined concrete members using CFRP fabric jackets by both analytical and experimental approaches.

A series of CFRP wrapped concrete cylinder tests were conducted to study the compressive stress-strain behavior for CFRP confined …

Uniaxial And Triaxial Behavior Of High Strength Concrete With And Without Steel Fibers, Xiaobin Lu

Dissertations

This study first presents an extensive experimental research program on the true uniaxial and triaxial compression behavior for both high strength concrete (HSC) and steel fiber reinforced high strength concrete (SFHSC). The experimental study mainly focuses on the octahedral shear stress strain relationship of those two types of concrete, which is adopted as the basis to develop a new incremental constitutive model. Emphasis is also put on the investigation of the variation of tangent Poisson's ratio under not only uniaxial but also triaxial stress conditions. The effect of cyclic loading on this parameter is also addressed.

According to this research, …

Shear Stress In Smooth Rectangular Open-Channel Flows, Junke Guo, Pierre Y. Julien

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering: Faculty Publications

The average bed and sidewall shear stresses in smooth rectangular open-channel flows are determined after solving the continuity and momentum equations. The analysis shows that the shear stresses are function of three components: (1) gravitational; (2) secondary flows; and (3) interfacial shear stress. An analytical solution in terms of series expansion is obtained for the case of constant eddy viscosity without secondary currents. In comparison with laboratory measurements, it slightly overestimates the average bed shear stress measurements but underestimates the average sidewall shear stress by 17% when the width–depth ratio becomes large. A second approximation is formulated after introducing two …

The Influence Of Ammonia And Carbon Dioxide On The Sorption Of A Basic Organic Pollutant To A Mineral Surface, Maneerat Ongwandee, Glenn Morrison, S. S. Bettinger

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Indoor surfaces have a sorptive capacity for organic pollutants which may be significantly influenced by other gases and the pH of the surface. in this research, we examine the influence of a common indoor gaseous acid, CO₂, and base, NH₃, on the adsorption of a volatile organic base, trimethylamine (TMA), to a mineral surface, zirconium silicate beads. Varying ammonia and CO₂ within concentration ranges of indoor relevance substantially influences the sorptive capacity of this mineral surface. Increasing the CO₂ mixing ratio to 1000 p.p.m. enhances surface capacity of TMA by 40-50%; increasing the NH3 …

Slope Stability Of Laterite Soil Embankments, Ikiensinma Gogo-Abite

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Embankments are key elements in the infrastructural development of structures such as dams, bridges, and roads. Residual soils are generally used as fills in the construction of embankments in areas were residual soils such as laterite is the dominant soil types. Laterite soils have the characteristics of losing its shear strength with time and in fully saturated conditions and its properties varies from region to region. The soil property is influenced by the chemical composition and the environment. The binding agent iron oxide in such soils changes its composition with time and in the presence of moisture. Sudden failures of …

Attainable Compressive Strength Of Pervious Concrete Paving Systems, Ann Marie Mulligan

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The pervious concrete system and its corresponding strength are as important as its permeability characteristics. The strength of the system not only relies on the compressive strength of the pervious concrete but also on the strength of the soil beneath it for support. Previous studies indicate that pervious concrete has lower compressive strength capabilities than conventional concrete and will only support light traffic loadings. This thesis investigated prior studies on the compressive strength on pervious concrete as it relates to water-cement ratio, aggregate-cement ratio, aggregate size, and compaction and compare those results with results obtained in laboratory experiments conducted on …

A New Paradigm Of Modeling Watershed Water Quality, Fan Zhang

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Accurate models to reliably predict sediment and chemical transport in watershed water systems enhance the ability of environmental scientists, engineers and decision makers to analyze the impact of contamination problems and to evaluate the efficacy of alternative remediation techniques and management strategies prior to incurring expense in the field. This dissertation presents the conceptual and mathematical development of a general numerical model simulating (1) sediment and reactive chemical transport in river/stream networks of watershed systems; (2) sediment and reactive chemical transport in overland shallow water of watershed systems; and (3) reactive chemical transport in three-dimensional subsurface systems. Through the decomposition …

Optimization Of An Unstructured Finite Element Mesh For Tide And Storm Surge Modeling Applications In The Western North Atlantic Ocean, Satoshi Kojima

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Recently, a highly resolved, finite element mesh was developed for the purpose of performing hydrodynamic calculations in the Western North Atlantic Tidal (WNAT) model domain. The WNAT model domain consists of the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea, and the entire portion of the North Atlantic Ocean found west of the 60° W meridian. This high resolution mesh (333K) employs 332,582 computational nodes and 647,018 triangular elements to provide approximately 1.0 to 25 km node spacing. In the previous work, the 333K mesh was applied in a Localized Truncation Error Analysis (LTEA) to produce nodal density requirements for the WNAT …

Benchmark Studies For Structural Health Monitoring Using Analytical And Experimental Models, Jason Lee Burkett

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The latest bridge inventory report for the United States indicates that 25% of the highway bridges are structurally deficient or functionally obsolete. With such a large number of bridges in this condition, safety and serviceability concerns become increasingly relevant along with the associated increase in user costs and delays. Biennial inspections have proven subjective and need to be coupled with standardized non-destructive testing methods to accurately assess a bridge's condition for decision making purposes. Structural health monitoring is typically used to track and evaluate performance, symptoms of operational incidents, anomalies due to deterioration and damage during regular operation as well …

The Use Of The Ucf Driving Simiulator To Test The Contribution Of Larger Size Vehicles (Lsvs) In Rear-End Collisions And Red Light Running On Intersections., Rami Charles Harb

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Driving safety has been an issue of great concern in the United States throughout the years. According to the National Center for Statistics and Analysis (NCSA), in 2003 alone, there were 6,267,000 crashes in the U.S. from which 1,915,000 were injury crashes, including 38,764 fatal crashes and 43,220 human casualties. The U.S. Department of Transportation spends millions of dollars every year on research that aims to improve roadway safety and decrease the number of traffic collisions. In spring 2002, the Center for Advanced Traffic System Simulation (CATSS), at the University of Central Florida, acquired a sophisticated reconfigurable driving simulator. This …