Engineering Commons^™

Stochastic Algorithm For Improved Operations At Isolated High Speed Intersections, Anuj Sharma, Darcy M. Bullock, Srinivas Peeta

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering: Faculty Publications

The current practice of specifying simultaneous gap out logic at isolated high speed signalized intersections places constraints on the signal controller logic that cannot be satisfied under high congestion level. Further, it often results in degraded signal efficiency and dilemma zone protection. A stochastic approach is proposed in this paper with the objective of increasing safety and efficiency at these intersections.

Hydrodynamics And Morphology In The Ems/Dollard Estuary: Review Of Models, Measurements, Scientific Literature, And The Effects Of Changing Conditions, Stefan A. Talke, Huib E. De Swart

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The Ems estuary has constantly changed over the past centuries both from man-made and natural influences. On the time scale of thousands of years, sea level rise has created the estuary and dynamically changed its boundaries. More recently, storm surges created the Dollard sub-basin in the 14th -15th centuries. Beginning in the 16th century, diking and reclamation of land has greatly altered the surface area of the Ems estuary, particularly in the Dollard. These natural and anthropogenic changes to the surface area of the Ems altered the flow patterns of water, the tidal characteristics, and the patterns of sediment deposition …

Constructed Wetlands For The Remediation Of Blast Furnace Slag Leachates, M. K. Banks, A. Paul Schwab, James E. Alleman, James Gregory Hunter, Jason C. Hickey

JTRP Technical Reports

A study was conducted at a site adjacent to I-65 site near Hobart, IN. The pilot scale study was designed to evaluate the use of a subsurface constructed wetland to treat leachate from the slag-based embankment. The constructed wetland proved to be effective in reducing a number of the leachate constituents that impact surface water quality, including pH, TDS, salinity, and sulfate. The system worked best under low flow conditions and extended retention times between surges of leachate into the wetland. The zero flow restriction of the system was met and resulted in elevated concentrations of salts and metals in …

Design Methods For The Control Of Restrained Shrinkage Cracking, Robert J. Frosch, Jacob Kenyon Bice, Jared Bruce Erickson

JTRP Technical Reports

Cracking in concrete bridge decks can result in increased susceptibility to deterioration. As cracks provide direct routes for the ingress of deleterious elements to the reinforcement and superstructure, cracking can lead to reduced service lives for bridge structures. Several factors affect the extent of cracks which develop in bridge decks; however, relatively few are within the control of the designer. The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of design parameters on the performance of bridge decks with respect to cracking and to develop simple design tools that are appropriate for both steel and nonmetallic reinforcement. This research …

Development Of Criteria For The Utilization Of Cement Kiln Dust (Ckd) In Highway Infrastructures, R Asha Sreekrishnavilasam, Maria Caterina Santagata

JTRP Technical Reports

This research addressed the recycling of cement kiln dust (CKD), a by-product of cement manufacturing. While significant quantities of CKD are generated every year, its utilization in construction has been to this day quite limited. Additionally, the issue of reusing already landfilled CKD has remained almost completely unexplored. The work made use of three fresh CKDs collected at different instances from the same U.S. plant, as well as CKD obtained from different locations in a 12 year old landfill adjacent to the plant. A comprehensive experimental study of the physio-chemical and engineering properties of the CKDs was performed, and the …

Assessment And Selection Of Stormwater Best Management Practices For Highway Construction, Retrofitting, And Maintenance, Lynn A. Corson

JTRP Technical Reports

The objectives of this research were:

1. Research existing data for structural and non-structural BMPs pertaining to the Phase II NPDES Stormwater Construction and Post-Construction Minimum Control Measures. Identify BMPs suitable for use in construction, reconstruction, rehabilitation and retrofitting activities along INDOT roadways and facilties.

2. Give consideration to the Indiana geological and meteorological conditions and the INDOT resources available for maintenance of water quality BMPs.

3. Review documents on the INDOT Publications List and make recommendations regarding potential revisions and/or additions to the documents to adequately address the NPDES Stormwater Program requirements as they pertain to INDOT activities.

Indiana Furniture Supply Chain, Ananth V. Iyer, Svenja Sommer, Amanda Thompson, Justina Mikals

JTRP Technical Reports

An initial survey assessing overall supply chain issues was reviewed with twenty Indiana wood products companies. A longer follow up survey accompanied by in-person interviews, assessed more specific supply chain issues, and was reviewed with ten Dubois County wood products companies. From this, a supply chain map of major suppliers and customers located both inside and outside of Indiana was developed. The research also attempted to capture the industry trends and characteristics in a formal model, to explore the impact of INDOT projects on the competitiveness of the industry.

Validation Of Superpave Mixture Design And Analysis Procedures Using The Ncat Test Track, Sivaranjan Sivasubramaniam, John E. Haddock

JTRP Technical Reports

The Indiana Department of Transportation was among the first to adopt the Superpave mixture design method and relevant specifications. When the National Center for Asphalt Technology decided to build a pavement test track, the Indiana Department of Transportation saw an opportunity to validate the mixture design method. It participated in the test track pooled fund study by sponsoring two pavement sections that were part of a larger investigation involving ten pavement test sections. Further, efforts were made to establish rutting performance relationships between the Accelerated Pavement Tester, the Purdue Wheel Laboratory Tracker, and the in-service pavement as represented by the …

Remediation Of Aromatic Hydrocarbons In Low Permeability Soils: Updating The Remediation Decision Tree (Synthesis Study), Inez Hua, Andy Hopf

JTRP Technical Reports

Because of the large number of technologies for in situ remediation, the very different types of contaminants to which these technologies are applicable, and the wide range of field conditions, it can be difficult to choose an optimal technology for a specific site. Sorting and prioritizing the various factors which contribute to the success of a particular clean-up can be daunting. Furthermore, non-technical factors, such as those in the legal, political, or financial realm, may also influence which technology is ultimately chosen. Most in situ treatment methods are effective in permeable soil. However, much of Indiana soil is low-permeability, so …

Blind Pedestrians And Their Ability To Navigate Indiana Intersections – A Review Of The Technology Available For Audible Signals, Robert Bertram Jacko

JTRP Technical Reports

Accessible pedestrian signals (APS) that combine audible and vibrotactile signals to a blind or visually impaired and/or disabled pedestrian for both locational and navigational information are available for purchase and installation “off the shelf”. APS systems that have a locating tone produce an audible language statement when it is safe to begin crossing the intersection as well as a vibrating activation button for the hard of hearing and an audible status count-down for the crossing pedestrian are available now. Purdue University has retrofitted two campus intersections with audible, vibrotactile APS and the intersections are regularly used by blind students. Discussions …

Fatigue Strength And Evaluation Of Sign Structures, Volume 2: Sign Structure Inspection Manual, Xuejun Li, Timothy M. Whalen, Mark D. Bowman

JTRP Technical Reports

This is the second volume of a two-volume final report presenting the findings of the research work that was undertaken to evaluate the fatigue behavior of sign structures and, based on that evaluation, to recommend an inspection plan that can be effectively used to detect and minimize possible deterioration due to wind induced loadings of sign structures. The study included a number of signs that are commonly used in Indiana: single-mastarm and double-mastarm cantilever sign structures, box-truss sign structures, tri-chord sign structures, and monotube sign structures. Sign structures with typical dimensions and details were selected as prototypes for each of …

Sensors To Monitor Cfrp/Concrete Bond In Beams Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, Sangdo Hong, Ronald S. Harichandran

Civil Engineering Faculty Publications

The use of inexpensive electrochemical impedance spectroscopy based sensor technology for nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of bond degradation between external carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) reinforcement and concrete is examined. Copper tape on the surface of the CFRP sheet, stainless steel wire embedded in the concrete, and reinforcing bars were used as the sensing elements. Laboratory experiments were designed to test the capability of the sensors to detect the debonding of the CFRP from the concrete and to study the effect of short-term (humidity and temperature fluctuations) and long-term (freeze-thaw and wet-dry exposure and rebar corrosion) environmental conditions on the measurements. The …

Determination Of Safe Buffer Width Of Roadway To Protect Human Health Form Harmful Nox Exposure, Hetal H. Bhatt

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

According to the 2004 EPA Trends Report, US on-road transportation sources emit 36% of nitrogen oxides (NOx), 63% of carbon monoxide (CO), and 29% of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This research determines a safe roadway buffer width to protect human health from air pollutant (NOx) exposure. The method was used to determine a buffer width for NOx along Great Southwest Parkway in Grand Prairie, Texas. NOx health effects include eye, nose, throat, and lung irritation; cough; shortness of breath; tiredness and nausea. In the Dallas Fort Worth region, where Grand Prairie is located, on-road vehicles contribute over 50 % of …

Discharge Headway At Signalized Intersections In Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico, Luis F. Chapa

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Driver behavior has been the subject of study for almost 100 years. As a result, driver characteristics have been determined and used in the design of highway elements, both for interrupted and for free flow facilities. Signalized intersections represent the most typical interrupted flow facility, with driver reaction time and aggressiveness playing a key role in signal timing design and also in the assessing of intersection performance. These driver characteristics were first determined in the United States in the late 1940's, identifying an average headway (in seconds) between consecutive vehicles as they react to light change from red to green …

Comparison Of Clinoptilolite With Gravel In A Recirculating Course Media Biofilter Treating Simulated Septic Tank Effluent, Adnan Sadikot

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

The main objective of the pilot scale study was to compare the performance of recirulating clinoptilolite biofilter with course gravel biofilter used to treat simulated septic tank effluent by simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. For better comparison of performance of total inorganic nitrogen removal and COD removal both the biofilter were chosen of identical size and identical operating conditions were maintained in the laboratory setup. Both the biofilters were operated at recycle ratio of 6 and surface hydraulic loading rate of 7.5 gal/ft2/day without recycle and 52.5 gal/ft2/day with recycle through out the duration of the duration of the research. Results …

Effects Of Water-Cement Ratio On Deep Mixing Treated Expansive Clay Characteristics, Siva Prasad Pathivada

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

The structures built on the unstabilized expansive soils are subjected to distress due to swell shrink behavior due to seasonal fluctuations. Medium stiff expansive clays with moderate and high PI were collected from two sites located at IH 820 N bound in Fort Worth, Texas. Deep soil mixing technique was proposed as a potential solution to counter the shrink swell movements of the expansive soil. These soils were stabilized using lime and cement as a whole and in combinations at different proportions in laboratory conditions simulating field deep soil mixing. Similar studies performed on soft soils revealed several factors mainly …

Numerical Modeling And Analysis Of Pile Supported Embankments, Krishna Nag Rao

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

Very soft clays are often avoided in construction due to their low shear strength and high compressibility. Special construction methods are adopted when embankments are constructed on very soft clay or peat. Design of structures on soft ground, where the structure impose large loads onto the ground raises several concerns on factors like bearing capacity failure, differential settlements, lateral pressures and structural instability. Shallow and deep stabilization of soft ground are most frequently used special construction techniques adopted in geotechnical engineering. Chemical (lime and cement) stabilization has been extensively used in both shallow and deep stabilization in order to improve …

Laboratory And Field Investigations To Address Erosion, Volume Change And Desiccation Cracking Of Compost Amended Expansive Subsoils, Napat Intharasombat

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Desiccations cracks are formed during drying process of fine grained cohesive soils in summer and these cracks often appear on unpaved subgrades due to direct exposure to sun. These cracks allow surface runoff infiltration into subsoils and eventually weaken adjacent base and subgrade layers. The loss of support from these underlying layers results in both longitudinal and transverse cracks in paved shoulders and pavements. Composting is a successful method of recycling organic waste material into stabilized materials that could be used for erosion control and landscaping applications. Since compost is rich in fibrous material and exhibits moisture affinity characteristics, it …

Removal Of Carbonyl Sulfide Using Compost Biofilter: Measurement Of Removal Rates And Elimination Capacity In Conjunction With Hydrogen Sulfide, Divya R. Garrepalli

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

A lab study using biofiltration was conducted using three PVC columns as biofilters, with hardwood chips and compost as the media. Previous research determined the removal efficiency of carbonyl sulfide alone. (Nawal, 2004) Typically, however H2S is present with COS in the air streams from wastewater treatment plant units. In the current study, different combinations of hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide gases were tested using H2S/COS ratios typical of the concentrations from wastewater treatment plants. Various runs were conducted using compost and hardwood chips individually and also with an 80:20 ratio by volume of wood chips to compost. The specific …

Bs News

Building Services Engineering

No abstract provided.

Synthesis Of Fuel Cell Membrane: Copolymerization Of Styrene On Etfe Film By Grafted Pre-Irradiation, Yohan Yohan, Rifai M. Nur, Lilik Hendrajaya, E. S. Siradj

Makara Journal of Technology

Synthesis of Fuel Cell Membrane: Copolymerization of Styrene on ETFE Film by Grafted pre-Irradiation. Preirradiation Grafting styrene monomer on ETFE film has been prepared. Research has been performed by γ-ray radiation at various total dose from 2.5 – 12.5 kGy and various dose rate from 1.3 – 1.9 kGy/hour. Irradiated copolymer is then grafted by styrene monomer in various solvent: ethanol, 2-propanol, and toluene, various concentration from 20 – 70% volume, various temperature from 50 – 90oC, and various grafting time from 2 – 12 hours. The results showed that percent of grafting is increase with increase of total dose …

Design Of Product Placement Layout In Retail Shop Using Market Basket Analysis, Isti Surjandari, Annury Citra Seruni

Makara Journal of Technology

Retailing is an industry with high level of competition. It is a customer-based industry which depends on how it could be aware of what the customers’ needs and requirements are. One technique most used in supermarkets is the mix merchandise. The purpose of this paper is to identify associated products, which then grouped in mix merchandise with the use of market basket analysis. This association between products then will be applied in the design layout of the product in the supermarket. The process of identifying the related products bought together in one transaction is done by using data mining technique. …

Production Hydrogen And Nanocarbon Via Methane Decomposition Using Ni-Based Catalysts. Effect Of Acidity And Catalyst Diameter, Widodo W. Purwanto, M. Nasikin, E. Saputra, L. Song

Makara Journal of Technology

Objectives of this research are mainly to study impacts of acidity strength (by varying amount of precipitant and loading Al-Si) and the effect of nickel particle size (by varying calcinations temperature) on decomposition reaction performances. In this research, high-nickel-loaded catalyst is prepared with two methods. Ni-Cu/Al catalysts were prepared with co-precipitation method. While the Ni-Cu/Al-Si catalyst were prepared by combined co-precipitation and sol-gel method. The direct cracking of methane was performed in 8mm quartz fixed bed reactor at atmospheric pressure and 500-700°C. The main results showed that the Al content of catalyst increases with the increasing amount of precipitant. The …

Design And Implementation Of 1-2 Ghz Stepped Frequency Gpr For Buried Metal Detection, Joko Suryana, Andriyan B. Suksmono, Tati R. Mengko

Makara Journal of Technology

Design and Implementation of 1-2 GHz Stepped Frequency GPR for Buried Metal Detection. In this paper, we describe the design and realization steps of 1 – 2 GHz SFGPR (Stepped Frequency Ground Penetrating Radar) transceiver for metal detection under the ground. Before using prototyped GPR for detecting the metal under the ground, several of calibration processes must be performed, namely phase calibration and monocycle pulse waveform calibration. After completing the calibrations, this prototyped GPR would be ready for detecting a hidden object such as a metal plate 5 cm under the ground in our small test range size 25 cm …

Simultaneous Treatment Of Organic (Phenol) And Heavy Metal (Cr6+ Or Pt4+) Wastes Over Tio2, Zno-Tio2 And Cds-Tio2 Photocatalysts, Slamet Slamet, R. Arbianti, Daryanto Daryanto

Makara Journal of Technology

Simultaneous Treatment of Organic (Phenol) and Heavy Metal (Cr6+ or Pt4+) Wastes over TiO2, ZnO-TiO2 and CdS-TiO2 Photocatalysts. Treatment of heavy metal (Cr6+ and Pt4+) and organic (phenol) wastes has been studied using the relatively new method, i.e. simultaneous photocatalytic process over TiO2 photocatalysts in the batch photoreactor. Following the photocatalytic reduction of the heavy metal wastes, recovery of Cr and Pt was carried out by precipitation and leaching method, respectively. The experimental results show that in the simultaneous photocatalytic system, there is a synergism effect between the photocatalytic reduction of heavy metal waste (Cr6+ or Pt4+) and the oxidation …

Design Of Generating Dual Frequency Operation For Triangular Microstrip Antenna Using Electromagnetic Coupling, Indra Surjati, Eko Tjipto Rahardjo, Djoko Hartanto

Makara Journal of Technology

Design of Generating Dual Frequency Operation for Triangular Microstrip Antenna Using Electromagnetic Coupling. A new design is proposed in this paper by applying a pair of slits using a microstrip feed line. Therefore the microstrip line feeding system is electromagnetically coupled to the patch. The antenna works at two different frequencies in the range from 2 GHz to 4 GHz (S band frequency). The results of the simulation shows that the dual frequency operation can be created when the slit width is 1 mm and the height of the slits ranges from 10 mm to 14 mm with inter slit …

Development Of Low Frequency Vibration Method Of Direct-Write Deposition Relevant To Layer Manufacturing Application, Susilo Adi Widyanto, Alva Edy Tontowi, Jamasri Jamasri, Heru Santosa Budi Rochardjo

Makara Journal of Technology

The research of deposition process is the first step in development process of multi materials selective laser sintering. The deposition process enables to settle multi materials powder in horizontal formation on one layer. In this research we use low frequency (70 - 200Hz) to vibrate a hopper nozzle in which powder is settled. The research method consists of two steps, the first step is to determine flow-ability parameters and the second is to join flow ability parameter with other parameters such that the line width can be controlled. The results show that the line width depends on uniformity of particle …

Bs News

Building Services Engineering

No abstract provided.

Least-Squares Finite-Element Scheme For The Lattice Boltzmann Method On An Unstructured Mesh, Yusong Li, Eugene J. Leboeuf, P. K. Basu

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering: Faculty Publications

A numerical model of the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) utilizing least-squares finite-element method in space and the Crank–Nicolson method in time is developed. This method is able to solve fluid flow in domains that contain complex or irregular geometric boundaries by using the flexibility and numerical stability of a finite-element method, while employing accurate least-squares optimization. Fourth-order accuracy in space and second-order accuracy in time are derived for a pure advection equation on a uniform mesh; while high stability is implied from a von Neumann linearized stability analysis. Implemented on unstructured mesh through an innovative element-by-element approach, the proposed method …

Bs News

Building Services Engineering

No abstract provided.