Engineering Commons^™

Coastal Physical Vulnerability Of Surabaya And Its Surrounding Area To Sea Level Rise, Sayidah Sulma, Eko Kusratmoko, Ratna Saraswati

Makara Journal of Technology

The study for coastal vulnerability to sea level rise was carried out in Surabaya and its surrounding area, it has focused on calculations of the physical vulnerability index were used coastal vulnerability index (CVI) methods. It was standardized by the multi criteria analysis (MCA) approach according to the study area. The score of each physical variable derived from remote sensing satellite data and the results of studies that have been done, such as modeling results and thematic maps, and then integrated into geographic information systems (GIS). Result of this study shows that the coastal areas of Gresik, Surabaya, and Sidoarjo …

The Effect Of Size And Crumb Rubber Composition As A Filler With Compatibilizer Pp-G-Ma In Polypropylene Blends And Sir-20 Compound On Mechanical And Thermal Properties, Erna Frida

Makara Journal of Technology

Having been researched the development of thermoplastic elastomer material of polypropylene and natural rubber SIR- 20 compound with Crumb Rubber as the filler. Reinforced polypropylene with size 60 mesh with 1 mm, and the composition of the Crumb rubber (30, 40, and 50) wt%. Observed mechanical properties are tensile strength, fracture elongation, Young's modulus, tear strength and impact strength. Thermal properties are analyzed by DSC and DTA/TGA. It is acquired that for the size of 60 mesh crumb rubber tensile strength, fracture elongation, Young’s modulus, tear strength and impact strength are bigger than 1mm size. The addition of 60 mesh …

Development Of Local-Economic-Development Small And Medium Industries (Led-Sme) In East Java, Rachmad Hidayat, Sabarudin Akhmad

Makara Journal of Technology

This paper presents the effects of Indonesian government’s developmental efforts of assistance and training performed on the growth of LED-SME business units and business performance. Both parameters of the government’s assistance and training were used to analyze the impact to the growth and performance of business unit. To achieve a comprehensive result, samples acquired in this research were about 190 entrepreneurs and managers of LED-SME from East Java. Based on the parameters above, there are five hypotheses made to prove the relationship of the assistance and training to the growth and performance of business units. The structural equation modeling (SEM) …

Cdm Potential In Palm Solid Waste Cogeneration As An Alternative Energy In Aceh Province, Mahidin Mahidin, Izarul Machdar, Muhammad Faisal, Muhammad Nizar

Makara Journal of Technology

Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) as a solid waste in Crude Palm Oil (CPO) industry does not utilized yet as an alternative energy source to generate electricity. It is well known that use of solid wate (biomass) as an energy source is part of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) scheme due to direct reduction of Green House Gases (GHGs) emission and provide a direct contribution to sustainable development. Utilization of EFB as a source of energy is very potential to be implemented in Aceh since this province has 25 CPO Mills at the moment which actively produce about 870,000 ton EFB …

Small Scale Experiment: Thermal Performance Comparison Between Fiber-Cement Roof And Photovoltaic Roof In Malang, Indonesia, Nurhamdoko Bonifacius, Sri Nastiti Nugrahani Ekasiwi

Makara Journal of Technology

Irradiation on the surface of photovoltaic module heats up the photovoltaic module itself and the room underneath the roof of integrated photovoltaic building in the tropics area. Room heating reduces thermal condition and photovoltaic module surface heating reduces its performance in generating electricity. This paper discusses an experiment of measuring the surface temperature of photovoltaic modules and fiber-cement roof surface as a comparison. This experiment also measures the impact of rising temperatures in each space underneath. It used small-scale mock-ups exposed to direct sunlight. The result of the experiment shows that photovoltaic roof surface temperature is lower than fiber-cement roof …

Improved Optical Probe For Measuring Phytoplankton Suspension Concentrations Based On Optical Fluoresensce And Absorption, Retno Wigajatri Purnamaningsih, Nining Betawati Prihantini

Makara Journal of Technology

This paper discusses the results of improved optical probe that works according to optical fluorescence and absorption phenomena for measuring the phytoplankton suspension concentrations. Measurements are made on the Scenedesmus sp. culture. The laboratory test has shown that range of concentration from 104 up to around 1 x 106 cells/mL; fluorescence intensity at λ = 685 nm; and logarithmic of transmission intensity at λ = 405 nm are proportional to the cell concentration linear with proportional constant γ = 4 × 10-5 and β = –2 × 10-7 mL/cell respectively.

Mechanical And Thermal Properties Of Polypropylene Reinforced By Calcined And Uncalcined Zeolite, Nurdin Bukit

Makara Journal of Technology

This study was carried out to compare mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene (PP) reinforced with uncalcined and calcined zeolites. The PP samples were reinforced with zeolites at various quantities of 2, 4, and 6 (wt %). The comparison of the two types of zeolite was based on mechanical properties, including tensile strength, elongation at break, and Young’s modulus, and thermal characteristics analyzed using DSC, and DTA/TGA technique. The results obtained clearly revealed that both zeolites were able to significantly increase tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the samples, with calcined zeolite was found to work better. Addition of calcined …

Benchmark For Country-Level Earthquake Strong-Motion Instrumentation Program, Widjojo Adi Prakoso, I Nyoman Sukanta

Makara Journal of Technology

An empirical study to develop benchmark models at country-level to assess the suggested number of earthquake strongmotion stations based on a framework encompassing geographic, demographic, and socio-economic parameters is reported. The models are to provide a working estimate of the required number of stations for improving the strongmotion instrumentation program of Indonesia. National earthquake strong-motion networks of New Zealand, Japan, Taiwan, Iran, Turkey, and Italy were used as the references. The parameter proposed is the number of stations in land area of 1,000 km2, and three models based on the exponential regression analysis are presented as functions of population density, …

Worst Case Of Relative Disturbance Gain Array For Uncertain Distillation System, Rudy Agustriyanto, Jie Zhang

Makara Journal of Technology

This article discusses the constrained nonlinear optimization formulation for calculating the worst case of lower and upper bounds of relative disturbance gain array (RDGA) for uncertain process models. The proposed approach seeks the minimum and maximum values of the relative disturbance gains subject to the constraints in which the process and disturbance gains are within their uncertainty ranges. RDGA ranges are useful for control structure determination and the related robustness, as they provide information regarding the sensitivity to gain uncertainties. The proposed method is demonstrated by ternary distillation column case study. Closed loop simulation results support the analysis based on …

Biodiesel Production From Waste Cooking Oil Using Hydrodinamic Cavitation, Muhammad Dani Supardan, Satriana Satriana, Mahlinda Mahlinda

Makara Journal of Technology

The aim of this research was to study biodiesel production from low cost feedstock of waste cooking oil (WCO) using hydrodynamic cavitation apparatus. A two-step processes esterification process and transesterification process using hydrodynamic cavitation for the production of biodiesel from WCO is presented. The first step is acid-catalyzed esterification process for reducing free fatty acid (FFA) content of WCO and followed by base-catalyzed transesterification process for converting WCO to biodiesel as the second step. The result of esterification process with methanol to oil molar ratio of 5 and temperature of 60 oC showed that the initial acid value of WCO …

Knowledge Dictionary For Information Extraction On The Arabic Text Data, Wahyu Syaifullah Jauharis Saputra, Agus Zainal Arifin, Anny Yuniarti

Makara Journal of Technology

Information extraction is an early stage of a process of textual data analysis. Information extraction is required to get information from textual data that can be used for process analysis, such as classification and categorization. A textual data is strongly influenced by the language. Arabic is gaining a significant attention in many studies because Arabic language is very different from others, and in contrast to other languages, tools and research on the Arabic language is still lacking. The information extracted using the knowledge dictionary is a concept of expression. A knowledge dictionary is usually constructed manually by an expert and …

Experimental Tests And Numerical Analyses Of Steel Truss Bridge Gusset Connections, Christopher Higgins, Peter Dusicka, Michael Scott

TREC Final Reports

The collapse of the I-35W Bridge in Minneapolis, Minnesota has raised questions regarding the performance and possibly safety of steel truss bridges. The failure investigation indicated that the collapse was due to a design error in the gusset plates used to connect the truss members. The findings also recommend that evaluation of truss connections will be needed, which is a deviation from past practice where only members were considered. Gusset plates connect individual steel truss bridge members together at a node. In 10% of the 200,000 steel bridges in US in 2008, failure of a single truss or connection could …

Real-Time Prediction System Of Bathing Water Quality At Bray, Co. Wicklow, Ireland, Zeinab Bedri, John O'Sullivan, Aisling Corkery, Louise Deering, Katalin Demeter, Wim Meijer, Gregory O'Hare, Bartholomew Masterson

Conference papers

Variations in water quality at recreational bathing beaches can have significant impacts with respect to compliance with related water quality standards, such as Directive 76/160/EEC. The “Blue Flag” award which bases its water quality standards upon the guideline E.coli levels of Directive 76/160/EEC, has become the measure of recreational value of bathing areas. Loss of such designations can have significant impacts with respect to local tourist economies. A revised Bathing Water Directive (Directive 2006/7/EC) came into force in 2006 and will supersede the existing 1976 Directive with effect from December 2014.

The revised Directive gives stronger focus on the protection …

Indiana Traffic Signal Hi Resolution Data Logger Enumerations, James R. Sturdevant, Timothy Overman, Eric Raamot, Ray Deer, Dave Miller, Darcy M. Bullock, Christopher M. Day, Thomas M. Brennan Jr., Howell Li, Alex Hainen, Steve M. Remias

JTRP Data Papers

This document defines the enumerations used to encode events that occur on a traffic signal controllers with high resolution data loggers. The time resolution is to the nearest 100 milliseconds.

Background information on the development of high resolution controller data in Indiana can be found at:

• Smaglik E.J., A. Sharma, D.M. Bullock, J.R. Sturdevant, and G. Duncan, “Event-Based Data Collection for Generating Actuated Controller Performance Measures," Transportation Research Record, #2035, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, DC, pp.97-106, 2007.http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2035-11

Recent applications of high resolution data to develop traffic signal performance measures in Indiana can be found at:

• Outcome-Oriented Performance Measures …

Bs News November/December

Building Services Engineering

No abstract provided.

Reducing Life Cycle Impacts Of The Existing Irish Housing Stock., Albert Famuyibo

Doctoral

Abstract

Despite the importance of addressing the challenges of the 2020 emissions reduction targets of both the European Union (EU) and Ireland, current residential emissions policies have focused mainly on the few existing studies that are primarily used to predict end-use energy and CO₂ emissions savings. To allow all energy and emissions across life cycle phases to be evaluated, a process-based life cycle analysis (LCA) hybrid model was developed with the aim of determining the extent of reductions in resource consumption, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and costs of maintaining the existing Irish housing stock.

Thirteen representative archetypes of the …

Cost-Effective Treatment Of Existing Guardrail Systems, Mitchell J. Wiebelhaus

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

A cost-effective means for upgrading existing barrier systems, which have deviations from standard practice (i.e., low-rail heights, antiquated end treatments, and improper installation) does not exist. As a result these systems remain on U.S. highways. Barrier systems with deviations from current practice may not perform as intended, thus resulting in fatalities and serious injuries from impacts with these safety devices. It is not plausible to eliminate fatalities and serious injuries from all guardrail impacts; but these numbers could be significantly reduced with the proper design, testing, installation, and maintenance of guardrail systems.

This report offers recommendations for upgrading W-beam guardrails …

The Characterisation And Numerical Modelling Of Viscoelastic Polyurethane Foams For Use In Custom Wheelchair Seating, Conor Briody

Doctoral

Viscoelastic polyurethane foam is widely used in wheelchair cushions as it offers good pressure relieving capabilities. However, the behaviour of this material is largely un-quantified, by comparison with conventional elastomeric materials.
Consequently, in many cases, inadequate cushioning is provided to wheelchair
users with complex seating requirements. This thesis characterises and
numerically models viscoelastic polyurethane foam.
Temperature-dependent static compression and simple shear test procedures are conducted on a range of viscoelastic polyurethane foams and selected results are utilised to identify Ogden Hyperfoam material model parameters. Time-dependent creep and stress relaxation test procedures are conducted and test results are used in conjunction …

Environmental Systems I - University Of Illinois, Urbana, Ximing Cai

All ECSTATIC Materials

Undergraduate course in environmental systems at University of Illinois, Urbana in Fall 2012.

Heuristic Methods For Optimization - Cornell University, Christine Shoemaker

All ECSTATIC Materials

Heuristic optimization algorithms are artificial intelligence search methods that can be used to find the optimal decisions for designing or managing a wide range of complex systems. This course describes a variety of (meta) heuristic search methods including simulated annealing, tabu search, genetic algorithms, genetic programming, dynamically dimensioned search, and multiobjective methods. Algorithms will be used to find values of discrete and/or continuous variables that optimize system performance or improve system reliability. Students can select application projects from a range of application areas. The advantages and disadvantages of heuristic search methods for both serial and parallel computation are discussed in …

Repair And Strengthening Of Bridge Substructures, Steven W. Ainge

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Deterioration of bridge substructures has been a serious concern throughout Wisconsin. Concrete, steel and timber members all require distinct repair methods which not only address the true causes of deterioration, but protect the member from future damage. Utilizing repair techniques that merely address the effect of the deterioration has proven costly and unreliable. Understanding the relationship between cost and service life of modern repair methods can help maintenance engineers make informed decisions that will maximize efficacy. A survey was sent to 90 maintenance engineers throughout the United States to determine the efficacy and cost of common repair methods. Unique repair …

2011 Summary Of Highway Revenues, Distributions, & Expenses For Indiana Counties, Cities, & Towns, Indiana Ltap

Indiana Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) Publications

This report provides information on revenues, distributions, and expenses of state and local governments for highway, road, and street work. Since the Motor Vehicle Highway (MVH) and Local Road and Street (LRS) Accounts are the principal source of funds for local road or street construction and maintenance operations, this summary may be used to see the trends in income sources and in the expenses charged to the funds prior to their being distributed to the highway, road, and street agencies.

Transferability And Robustness Of Predictive Models To Proactively Assess Real-Time Freeway Crash Risk, Cameron Hunter Shew

Master's Theses

This thesis describes the development and evaluation of real-time crash risk assessment models for four freeway corridors, US-101 NB (northbound) and SB (southbound) as well as I-880 NB and SB. Crash data for these freeway segments for the 16-month period from January 2010 through April 2011 are used to link historical crash occurrences with real-time traffic patterns observed through loop detector data.

The analysis techniques adopted for this study are logistic regression and classification trees, which are one of the most common data mining tools. The crash risk assessment models are developed based on a binary classification approach (crash and …

Characterization Of Runoff In Two Urban Watersheds In Lincoln, Nebraska, Michael J. Florek Iii

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Characterization of runoff water quality and conditions for two urban watersheds in Lincoln, NE, was performed using data collected from 2008-2012. Water quality data from in-stream probes and storm sampling was combined with soil sample data, geographic information system (GIS) modeling, and nutrient isotope composition analysis to provide a more detailed picture of runoff mechanisms in the Taylor Park and Colonial Hills watersheds.

Soil sample data and GIS modeling were used to compare physical characteristics of the urban watersheds. Taylor Park and Colonial Hills are relatively similar, save for Colonial Hills being six times as large. Its time of concentration, …

Biaxial Bending And Lateral-Torsional Instability Of Imperfect Frp I-Beams Including Effects Of Retrofitting, Jodi Marie Knorowski

Civil & Environmental Engineering Theses & Dissertations

This thesis presents the outcome of a theoretical and experimental study of the behavior of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) I-beams susceptible to lateral-torsional instability or when subjected to biaxial bending. Laboratory experiments involved application of vertical and horizontal static loads to a 4 x 4 x ¼ in. I-beam with various lengths, and the resulting displacement, twist, and strain were recorded. In the vertical direction, the beam was loaded from different reference load heights with respect to the shear center of the beam. The governing biaxial flexure and torsion differential equations were modified to account for the presence of initial …

Engineering Project Appraisal (2nd. Ed), Martin G. Rogers, Aidan Duffy

Books/Book Chapters

In most cases of civil engineering development, a range of alternative schemes meeting project goals are feasible, so some form of evaluation must be carried out to select the most appropriate to take forward. Evaluation criteria usually include the economic, environmental and social contexts of a project as well as the engineering challenges, so engineers must be familiar with the processes and tools used.

The second edition of Engineering Project Appraisal equips students with the understanding and analytical tools to carry out effective appraisals of alternative development schemes, using both economic and non-economic criteria. The building blocks of economic appraisal …

Probabilistic Analysis Of Indeterminate Highway Bridges Considering Material Nonlinearity, Liam Mccarthy

Masters

With ever-reducing maintenance budgets and ever-deteriorating bridge infrastructure, th assessment of existing bridges is vital. Reliability analysis techniques are becomin increasingly popular in the structural safety assessment of existing bridge structures Commonly, a component based approach is used in reliability analysis techniques Traditional reliability procedures often employ a conservative definition of failure, in that th component is deemed to have failed when the strength capacity has been exceeded at a singl cross section. As a result, the component's degree of redundancy and ductility is ignored giving an often conservative estimate of the load carrying capacity of the bridge component Therefore, …

Bs News September/October

Building Services Engineering

No abstract provided.

Structural Performance And Economics Of High-Rise Buildings Under Seismic And Wind Loads, Nadeem Hussain

Theses

High-rise buildings have a priority when considering the potential consequences from natural hazards since they represent concentrated human and monetary assets. The use of high strength materials is promoted in this class of structures to effectively use floor areas, control vibrations and expedite construction. There is a pressing need to investigate the relationship between structural performance and economics of high-rise buildings with different material strengths under lateral loads, particularly seismic loads that control the design of a wide range of buildings.

To realistically represent the modern high-rise construction, five 60-story reinforced concrete (RC) buildings with varying material strengths, ranging from …

Network- Level Pavement Performance And Management Study In Connecticut, Ramandeep S. Josen

Master's Theses

This thesis presents the analysis of asphalt pavement cracking data on the network level in Connecticut. Pavement performance indicators including longitudinal and transverse cracking as well as roughness are investigated with respect to numerous distinct factors that can be grouped into three categories, i.e. climatic-, pavement structure-, and traffic-related. High-quality climatic data was obtained from the national weather stations in Connecticut. Maintenance and construction data was used to determine the pavement age and structure amongst several other factors. Traffic data was acquired from the state records and accumulated traffic loading was estimated for all segments based on their age. High …