Engineering Commons^™

Effect Of Dry Particle Coating On The Properties Of Cohesive Pharmaceutical Powders, Lauren Elizabeth Beach

Dissertations

Engineered particles, which have undergone surface modification via dry coating, have been previously shown to have improved flow and handling properties. The improvements in these properties can be applied and are very useful for a number of industrial applications, in this case the pharmaceutical industry. This work investigates the effect of dry particle coating to improve the flowability of cohesive active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) powders and their blends. Improving the flow properties of cohesive API powders can significantly improve their handling and subsequent use for pharmaceutical processes such as formulation and manufacturing processing operations. Although it has been shown that …

Electrodeless Electro Hydrodynamic Printing Of Personalized Drug Dosages, Ezinwa Okeoma Elele

Dissertations

There is compelling evidence that variability in drug efficacy in individuals depends on their genetic fingerprints. These observations have given rise to the concept of personalized therapy whose ultimate goal is to develop medicinal agents designed for each niche of the population and individual patients according to their genetic background. The drawback in current pharmaceutical technologies is that most processes are designed to target large population and are unable to meet the demand of small-scale manufacturing of tailored therapeutics with diverse range of physical properties. One of the major challenges lie in developing efficient and cost effective methods of manufacturing …

Deagglomeration And Mixing Via The Rapid Expansion Of High Pressure And Supercritical Suspensions, Daniel To

Dissertations

Nano-materials are the focus of many research activities due to the desirable properties imparted from their small grain size and high interfacial surface area. However, these materials are highly cohesive powders in the dry state and typically form large agglomerates, leading to a diminished surface area or even grain growth, which minimizes the effectiveness of these nanomaterials. This dissertation addresses the issue of mixing nanopowders constituents by deagglomerating them and achieving simultaneous mixing so that even after inevitable reagglomeration, the effectiveness of large interfacial surface area may be preserved.

Nano-particle mixtures were prepared using the environmentally benign dry mixing methods …

Study Of The Heating And Ignition Of Metal Powder By Electrostatic Discharge, Ervin Beloni

Dissertations

The objective of this work was to understand the processes that lead to ESD stimulated ignition events in metal powders. Several metals were studied: Mg, Al, and Ti. A commercially available ESD test device was adapted for the present experiments. The ESD current and voltage were measured using inductance coils; the data were used to determine the electric circuit impedance, and energy transferred to the powder. A mode of the powder ignition (individual particles vs. dust cloud), ignition delays, burn times, and velocities of ignited and ejected particles were determined from optical measurements.

It was determined that the ESD energy …

Dissolution Testing Of Prednisone And Salicylic Acid Calibrator Tablets At Different Tablet Locations, Anandhavalavan Arulmozhi

Theses

Dissolution testing is routinely carried out in the pharmaceutical industry to determine the rate of dissolution of solid dosage forms. This test is one of the several tests that pharmaceutical companies typically conduct on oral dosage formulations (e.g., tablets) to determine compliance. The USP Dissolution Testing Apparatus 2 is the most common of the apparatuses listed in the USP. However, it has been shown previously that the dissolution profile of a tablet undergoing dissolution in the USP Dissolution Apparatus 2 can be affected by the tablet location in the apparatus.

In this work, the dissolution rates of both non-disintegrating tablets …

Investigation Of The Potential Catalytic Activities Of Several Metal Organic Framework (Mof) Materials, Guangyu Zhang

Theses

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising porous materials due to their high porosities, large apparent surface areas, tunable pore properties and selective uptake of small molecules. Many researches have been focused on developing new MOF structures and exploring their use in gas storage and separation. Only few studies investigated the catalytic properties of MOFs. In this study, catalytic properties are explored over several MOFs including zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8), Ni(FA) and Zn(FA). These MOFs are used as catalyst supports for iron or platinum nanoparticles. The catalysts are prepared using incipient wetness impregnation method and characterized with Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), pulse chemisorption, X-ray …

Thermochemical Properties, Bond Energies And Internal Rotor Potentials In Methyl Ethyl Sulfide And Oxygenated Sulfur Hydrocarbons Intermediates For Modeling Its Combustion And Atmospheric Chemistry, Guanghui Song

Theses

Small (1 to 4 carbon) hydrocarbon sulfides and thiols are formed in the biosphere by microorganisms and subsequently emitted into the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere. In the atmosphere they are oxidized by photochemical and radical reactions to intermediate hydrocarbon and to sulfur oxides. The oxides of these sulfur compounds and the intermediates from the oxidation process are known to form aerosols that can counteract the global warming green house effect. Recent studies also suggest that some aerosols can also contribute to global warming. Sulfur oxides are also major contributors to acid rain as the results of the atmospheric chemistry oxidation …

Dissolution Of Disintegrating Solid Dosage Forms In A Modified Dissolution Testing Apparatus 2, Shrutiben Rameshbhai Parekh

Theses

Dissolution tests are routinely carried out in the pharmaceutical industry to determine the dissolution rate of solid dosage forms. Dissolution testing serves as a surrogate for drug bioavailability through in vitro–in vivo correlation (IVIVR), and it additionally helps in guiding the development of new formulations and in assessing lot-to-lot consistency, thus ensuring product quality. The United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) Dissolution Testing Apparatus 2 is the device most commonly used for this purpose. Despite its widespread use, dissolution testing using this apparatus remains susceptible to significant error and test failures. There is documented evidence that this apparatus is sensitive to several …

Transdermal And Transbuccal Delivery Of Lidocaine And Nicotine : Combined Effects Of Iontophoresis And Chemical Enhancers, Ran Wei

Theses

This study focused on the effects of iontophoresis and chemical enhancers on drug release. The transport of Lidocaine HCl (LHCl) and Nicotine Hydrogen Tartrate (NHT) through the skin and mucosa was evaluated for potential clinical applications. These two potential delivery routes have the advantage of avoiding first-pass effect. Samples were pretreated with enhancer solutions for one hour before the experiments. Passive or 0.3 mA iontophoresis-assisted drug diffusion was conducted for 8 hours to monitor the cumulative amount of drug released. Graphical methods and mathematical optimization techniques were implemented to analyze the data. The effects of chemical enhancers on the delivery …

Thermodynamics Of Dna Hybridization On Surfaces, Terry J. Schmitt, Thomas A. Knotts Iv

Faculty Publications

Hybridization of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) targets to surface-tethered ssDNA probes was simulated using an advanced coarse-grain model to identify key factors that influence the accuracy of DNA microarrays. Comparing behavior in the bulk and on the surface showed, contrary to previous assumptions, that hybridization on surfaces is more thermodynamically favorable than in the bulk. In addition, the effects of stretching or compressing the probe strand were investigated as a model system to test the hypothesis that improving surface hybridization will improve microarray performance. The results in this regard indicate that selectivity can be increased by reducing overall sensitivity by a …

Synthesis And Catalytic Property Of Flaked Spindle-Like Cuo Nanocrystals, Jian-Feng Fan, Li-Qing Li, Yu-Feng Huang, Lou-Zhen Fan

Journal of Electrochemistry

A simple and efficient electrochemical route was developed for the synthesis of flaked spindle-like CuO nanocrystals using aqueous electrolyte and Cu sacrificial anode (graphite as the cathode) in an undivided cell at a constant potential mode under room temperature. The morphologies, structure and component of CuO nanocrystals obtained were characterized by SEM, XRD, respectively. Flaked spindle-like CuO nanocrystals were successfully used to modify a GC electrode to detect H₂O₂ with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometric (AC).The results showed that products were pure monoclinic CuO nanocrystals. The linear range for the determination of hydrogen peroxide is from 1.0 …

Preparation And Electrocatalytic Activity Of The Pt/Wc/Tio2 Composites, Chun-An Ma, Bin Yu, Mei-Qin Shi, Xiao-Ling Lang

Journal of Electrochemistry

TiO₂ was used as the support for preparation of Pt/WC/TiO₂ composite catalyst. The composites were characterized by XRD, SEM and TEM methods. The electrocatalytical activity of Pt/WC/TiO₂ composite for oxidation of methanol was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. Pt/WC/TiO₂ exhibited higher activity compared with that of Pt/TiO₂ and Pt/WC composite catalysts. Based on this we discussed the effects of crystal phases of TiO₂ on the electrocatalytical activity of Pt/WC/TiO₂ composite catalyst.

Dft Study Of Co2 Reduction To Hydrocarbons On Cu Surfaces, Li-Hui Ou, Sheng-Li Chen

Journal of Electrochemistry

CO₂ reduction on Cu(111) single crystal surfaces was studied using DFT calculations on the reaction energies and the minimum energy paths. The results indicated that the possible reaction paths for CO₂ reduction on Cu(111) surface are CO₂(g) + H* → COOH* → (CO +OH)*, (CO + H)* → CHO*, CHO + H → CH₂O* → (CH_2⁺O)*, CH₂* + 2H* → CH₄ or 2CH₂* → C₂H₄. On Cu(111) surface, the reaction rate is controlled by steps of CH₂O* → (CH_{2 …}

Study On Direct Electro-Oxidation Of Anisaldehyde, Lin-Lin Wu, Ying-Hong Zhu, Shan-Shan Li, Hong-Yan Zeng, Chun-An Ma

Journal of Electrochemistry

The oxidation of anisole on Pt electrode was investigated by cyclic voltammery and constant potential electrolysis. The influence of scan rates, substrate concentration, supporting electrolytes and solvent were considered . The results show that the electro-oxidation process of anisole was irreversible. In this research the sulfuric acid was the best supporting electrolytes and acetone was the best solvent, and the process was controlled by diffusion . The product of constant potential electrolysis was charactered by GC-MS .The results show that the main products was anisaldehyde, and the selectivity was up to 66.5% when using acetone as solvent.

Comparison Of Catalytic Performance On Different Materials Supported Pd Catalysts For Formic Acid Oxidation, Su-Dong Yang, Yan-Yu Liang, Zhu-Liang Wen, Qi-Jun Song, Xiao-Gang Zhang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Graphite oxide (GO) was prepared from by Hummers method. Then the graphene nanosheets supporting Pd catalysts were prepared by a single-step chemical reduction method. The electrocatalytic performance for formic acid oxidation of the prepared Pd/graphene composite was studied as an electrode material in comparison with the composite catalysts based on the other carbons (MWCNTs, SWCNTs, and Vulcan XC-72 carbon black). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements indicated that the Pd nanoparticles were well dispersed on the surface of the graphene nanosheets with a small particle size. The electrocatalytic oxidation of formic acid was studied by electrochemically active …

Anode Electrodeposition Of Ti/Mno2 Electrode And Electrocatalytic Oxidization Properties Of Phenol Degradation, Ye Chen, Wen-Li Zhao, Qing Wen

Journal of Electrochemistry

Ti-base manganese dioxide (Ti/MnO₂) electrode was prepared by anodically electrodeposition technology in this paper. The structure of the electrode, the microstructure of the electrode surface and the element composition of the electrode were analyzed by XRD, SEM and EDS. The preparation process parameters of the electrode were studied in detail with the help of the V~logi curve and phenol degradation curve. The Ti/MnO₂ electrode was anodically electrodeposited at current density 4mA•cm^-2, the Mn^{2 +} ions concentration 0.5mol•L^-1 and temperature70℃. The V~logi curve and phenol degradation curve were used to evaluate electrocatalytic oxidization properties …

Electrochemical Capacitive Performance Of Mesoporous Carbon Based Co-Ni Oxides, Zhen-Sheng Yang, Ling-Bin Kong, Li Deng, Yong-Chun Luo, Long Kang

Journal of Electrochemistry

By using defects on the surface of CMK-3 served as nucleation center, Co_0.25Ni_0.75 oxide/C composite was successfully prepared through a simple chemical co-precipitation method. Characterization was carried by using X-ray diffraction, BET and scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that a perfect mesoporous network of interconnected nanoflakes was obtained for Co_0.25Ni_0.75 oxide/C composite and, this material has a less crystallization, interconnected nanoflakes network structure and a narrow mesoporous distribution at about 3~4 nm. The highly dispersed and loosely packed Co_0.25Ni_0.75 oxide/C composite possessed good electrochemical accessibility and fast diffusion rate of OH …

The Yin And Yang Actions Of North American Ginseng Root In Modulating The Immune Function Of Macrophages, Chike Godwin Azike, Paul Abrahams Charpentier, Jirui Hou, Hua Pei, Edmund Man King Lui

Physiology and Pharmacology Publications

BACKGROUND: Immuno-modulatory effects of ginseng, including both immuno-stimulatory and immuno-suppressive effects, have been widely reported. This study aims to determine whether the paradoxical immuno-modulatory effect is related to unique phytochemical profiles of different North American (NA) ginseng, namely aqueous (AQ) and alcoholic (ALC) extracts.

METHODS: AQ and ALC extracts were prepared and their immuno-bioactivity were studied in vitro in murine macrophages (Raw 264.7) through measuring the direct stimulatory production of pro-inflammatory mediator and cytokines as well as the suppression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulatory response by the two extracts. Gel permeation chromatography was used to fractionate and isolate phytochemicals for characterization of …

Intensification Of Bioethanol Production Simultaneous Saccharification And Fermentation In The Oscillatory Baffled Reactor (Obr), Joseph Ikwebe, Adam P. Harvey

Bioenergy III: Present and New Perspectives on Biorefineries

No abstract provided.

Application Of Batch Oscillatory Baffled Bioreactor To Produce Biobutanol Using Clostridium Gbl 1082, Nasratun Masngut, Adam P. Harvey

Bioenergy III: Present and New Perspectives on Biorefineries

No abstract provided.

Improved Xylose Fermentation In Zymomonas Mobilis Through Metabolic Engineering And Adaptation, Rachel Chen

Bioenergy III: Present and New Perspectives on Biorefineries

No abstract provided.

Engineering An E. Coli Binary Culture For Consolidated Production Of Biofuel From Hemicelluloses, Rachel Chen

Bioenergy III: Present and New Perspectives on Biorefineries

No abstract provided.

Fermentative Upgrading Of Biomass Pyrolysis Byproduct, Karen Schwab, Martin Siemann-Herzberg, Lars Rehmann

Bioenergy III: Present and New Perspectives on Biorefineries

No abstract provided.

Butanol Extractive Fermentation To Simultaneously Produce Properties Improved Bio-Diesel And Butanol In A Water And Energy-Saving Operation Way, Zhongping Shi

Bioenergy III: Present and New Perspectives on Biorefineries

No abstract provided.

Catalytic Cracking Of Biodiesel: Using The Fcc Process To Convert Fame Into Oxygen-Free Gasoline, Alexander Weinert

Bioenergy III: Present and New Perspectives on Biorefineries

No abstract provided.

Synthesis, Characterization And Evaluation Of Sulphated Zirconias For Biodiesel Production By Triglyceride Cracking, Elizabeth Eterigho, J.G.M. Lee, A.P. Harvey

Bioenergy III: Present and New Perspectives on Biorefineries

No abstract provided.

Alternative Feedstock For Fluid Catalytic Cracking: Conversion Of Waste Cooking Oil To Gasoline And Gaseous Olefins, Peter Bielansky

Bioenergy III: Present and New Perspectives on Biorefineries

No abstract provided.

Catalytic Pyrolysis Of Biomass: An Effective Method For The Fuels Obtaining, Esther Sulman, Yu Kosivtsov, M. Sulman, V. Alfyorov, Yu. Lugovoy, V. Molchanov, I. Tyamina, O. Misnikov, A. Afanasjev, N. Kumar, D. Murzin

Bioenergy III: Present and New Perspectives on Biorefineries

No abstract provided.

An Overview On The Pulp And Papermaking Process From Agroforestry Residues: A Biorefinery Approach, F. Bimbela, F. Marin, J. Abrego, I. Egües, J. Labidi, A. Gonzalo

Bioenergy III: Present and New Perspectives on Biorefineries

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Catalytic Site Position Of Carbon Nanotubes Supported Cobalt Catalysts In Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis, E. Epelde, V.R. Surisetty, M. Trepanier, A. K. Dalai

Bioenergy III: Present and New Perspectives on Biorefineries

No abstract provided.