Engineering Commons^™

Optimization Of Electricity Generation Schemes In The Java-Bali Grid System With Co2 Reduction Consideration, Farizal Farizal, Wenty Eka Septia, Amar Rachman, Nasruddin Nasruddin, Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia

Makara Journal of Technology

This research considers the problem of reducing CO2 emissions from the Java-Bali power grid system that consists of a variety of power-generating plants: coal-fired, natural gas, oil, and renewable energy (PV, geothermal, hydroelectric, wind, and landfill gas). The problem is formulated as linear programming and solved using LINGO 10. The model was developed for a nation to meet a specified CO2 emission target. Two carbon dioxide mitigation options are considered in this study, i.e. fuel balancing and fuel switching. In order to reduce the CO2 emissions by 26% in 2021, State Electric Supply Company (PLN) has to generate up to …

Apparent Porosity And Compressive Strength Of Heat-Treated Clay/Iron Sand/Rice Husk Ash Composites Over A Range Of Sintering Temperatures, M. Nizar Machmud, Zulkarnain Jalil, Mochammad Afifuddin

Makara Journal of Technology

Novel composites of clay/iron sand/rice husk ash (RHA) have been developed. Electric furnace was used to perform heat treatment on the composites to study the effect of sintering temperature on their apparent porosity and compressive strength. Two types of RHA with different bulk density were prepared to gain an understanding of the influence of apparent porosity on compressive strength of the heat-treated composites over a range of sintering temperatures. Heattreated composites, made of clay/iron sand and clay/RHA, were also prepared as a referenced material. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was further performed to comprehensively discuss the role of iron sand on …

Lithium-Ion Batteries, Dean R. Carreon Romero

BYU Research Development Office Research Networking Conference

Electrochemical systems are fundamental to numerous applications, including batteries, fuel cells, and electrolysis. Accurate modeling of these systems is essential for improving their efficiency, performance, and longevity. This research focuses on the process of modeling electrochemical systems and conducting experiments to measure the local electronic and ionic conductivity of electrodes.

Adsorption Kinetics Of Bovine Serum Albumin To Strong Anion Exchange Adsorbents: Application Of The Pore Diffusion Model To Resins And Membranes, Sarah Catherine Jensen

Graduate Theses - Chemical Engineering

The replacement of traditional bead-based chromatography by membranes has gained recent interest in the bioseparations industry. However, membranes have drawbacks such as lower binding capacity that make them unrealistic for some applications. The goal of this work is to compare the adsorption kinetics of anion exchange bead-based resin and membranes both on a theoretical modeling level and experimental level. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was adsorbed to Q Sepharose FastFlow resin and Sartobind Q membrane to obtain adsorption equilibrium characteristics and kinetic data. A numerical solution was used to fit the pore diffusion model to the data and estimate a pore …

Biomedical Engineering, William Pitt

BYU Research Development Office Research Networking Conference

Polymeric biomedical materials and drug delivery, with recent emphasis on blood sepsis diagnostics. Today I am looking for collaboration in mathematical modeling of instabilities in sheared 2 phase flow.

Development Of A New Multimodal Membrane Adsorber And Its Application In Chromatographic Bioseparations, Juan Wang

All Dissertations

This dissertation presents work on the design and synthesis of a new membrane chromatography material, the description of its protein binding behavior using a thermodynamic adsorption isotherm model, and the application of the new membrane material in biologics downstream recovery and purification processes. As protein titers continue to increase dramatically in upstream biomanufacturing, innovations in downstream purification are not keeping pace, resulting in manufacturing capacity constraints and high production costs. Chromatography is the key unit operation used in several steps of the downstream purification platform. Traditional resin bead chromatography, while effective and reliable for isolation and purification of proteins, limits …

Enzymatic Liquefaction Of Untreated Corn Stover, Neal N. Hengge

Open Access Theses

There is an ever increasing need for renewable alternatives to fossil fuels derived from petroleum. This makes feedstocks in the form of lignocellulosic biomass attractive substrates for the production of ethanol and value added chemicals. However, the economics of converting lignocellulosic materials involve high processing costs attributed with pretreatment of the biomass and the use of enzymes for saccharification. Corn stover was obtained for the examination of an upstream processing step to transform the material into a pumpable slurry for subsequent pretreatment and saccharification. Biomass liquefaction was carried out using the enzyme Depol 692L (Biocatalysts, Wales, UK) at 50°C with …

Enhancing Silymarin Fractionation Via Molecular Modeling Using The Conductor-Like Screening Model For Real Solvents, Emma C. Brace

Open Access Theses

The market for bio-based products from plant sources is on the rise. There is a global challenge to implement environmentally clean practices for the production of fuels and pharmaceuticals from sustainable resources. A significant hurdle for discovery of comparable plant-derived products is the extensive volume of trial-and-error experimentation required. To alleviate the experimental burden, a quantum mechanics based molecular modeling approach known as the COnductor-like Screening Model for Real Solvents (COSMO-RS) was used to predict the best biphasic solvent system to purify silymarins from an aqueous mixture. Silymarins are a class of flavonolignans present in milk thistle ( Silybum marianum …

Enabling A Sustainable Economy Through Energy Systems Modeling: Solar-Centric, Efficient, Integrated And Continuous Process Synthesis And Optimization, Emre Gencer

Open Access Dissertations

The expected increase in food, energy and water demand due to increase in population and change in consumption habits in conjunction with diminishing fossil fuel reserves and increasing greenhouse gas emissions urge the development and implementation of alternative energy conversion techniques using renewable energy for a sustainable economy. Among renewable energy sources, solar energy is prominent due to its abundance. A sustainable economy can be created by producing building blocks foundational to meeting all basic human needs of daily existence. However, intermittencies and limitations on land area dedicated to harness solar energy are the major obstacles on widespread implementation of …

Delay-Independent Stability Analysis Of Linear Time-Delay Systems Based On Frequency, Xianwei Li, Huijun Gao, Keqin Gu

SIUE Faculty Research, Scholarship, and Creative Activity

This paper studies strong delay-independent stability of linear time-invariant systems. It is known that delay-independent stability of time-delay systems is equivalent to some frequency-dependent linear matrix inequalities. To reduce or eliminate conservatism of stability criteria, the frequency domain is discretized into several sub-intervals, and piecewise constant Lyapunov matrices are employed to analyze the frequency-dependent stability condition. Applying the generalized Kalman–Yakubovich–Popov lemma, new necessary and sufficient criteria are then obtained for strong delay-independent stability of systems with a single delay. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated by a numerical example.

Electrodeionization Versus Electrodialysis: A Clean-Up Of Produced Water In Hydraulic Fracturing, Brigitte Marie Rodgers

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Electrodeionization (EDI) is a widely studied process ranging from applications in wastewater clean-up in the food and beverage industry to purifying organic compounds. To date, there are no apparent studies on applying this technology to produced wastewater recovered from hydraulic fracking sites. Water consumption within hydraulic fracturing sites can reach in the upwards of millions of gallons per site, so a need for a water recycling process becomes necessary within areas where water requirements are scarce. Implementation of an EDI module that is capable of handling high salt solutions from produced wastewater in subsequent fracturing practices will decrease overall water …

The Effect Of Flexibility On Interaction Of Two Fibers Settling In Moderate Reynolds Numbers, Ahmed Alhasan

Masters Theses

The behavior of solid particles in a fluid has become an important topic. The need to improve our understanding of the mechanisms of fluid-particle interaction is the motivation for the present work. The characteristics of fibers suspensions depend on the many variables such as flexibility, Reynolds numbers, density and aspect ratio. The aim of this work is to probe effects of these variables on sedimentation behavior by using a fiber-level simulation technique. In this techniques, a D3Q15 model in a lattice Boltzmann equation with a Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) approximation is used to simulate motion of fluids, where Navier-Stokes equations are solved …

Initial Structural Subsidence As Reflected In Morrowan And Atokan (Pennsylvanian) Subsurface Stratigraphy, Northern Arkoma Basin, North-Central Arkansas, Fatimah Taher Nahi Al Asadi

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The Arkoma Basin is a carboniferous foreland basin that is known for its prolific gas production. The objective of this research is to study the initial subsidence of the basin by analyzing the strati-graphic and structural features of the study area. This was accomplished through IHS Petra, Surf-er 13, and Win-Tensor software. Field work studies comprised a large part of this study. Also, a seismic profile and Google earth elevation profiles are among the methods used to study the initial subsidence of the Arkoma Basin. The study area within the basin represents a transitional zone from the shelf into the …

Catalytic Pyrolysis Of Poly Vinyl Chloride As A Viable Way Of Waste Management, Randy Santos, Foster A. Agblevor

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

The main purpose of this investigation is to achieve the dechlorination and cracking of PVC producing a low chlorinated oil using a single step process; finding and using a suitable adsorbent that captures the chlorine released in the decomposition of the Poly Vinyl Chloride in the solid phase; then use the adsorbent to enhance red mud chlorine absorption activity. Find an alternative viable use for the waste PVC and red mud that will reduce landfilling. Calcium Hydroxide was selected as the main chlorine adsorbent since it captured 75% chlorine in the solid phase. The calcium hydroxide was mixed with red …

Alginate Hydrogels As Three-Dimensional Scaffolds For In Vitro Culture Models Of Growth Plate Cartilage Development And Porcine Embryo Elongation, Taylor D. Laughlin

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The establishment of in vitro culture models utilizes tissue engineering principles to design functional mimics of in vivo environments in vitro. Advantages for the use of in vitro culture models include ethical alleviation of animal models for therapeutic testing, cost efficiency, and a greater ability to study specific mechanisms via a systematic, ground-up approach to development. In this thesis, alginate hydrogels are utilized in the development of in vitro culture models of porcine embryo elongation and growth plate cartilage development. First, the effect of scaffold and modifications to the scaffold were explored in both projects. In order to modulate …

Self-Similar Random Process And Chaotic Behavior In Serrated Flow Of High Entropy Alloys, Shuying Chen, Liping Yu, Jingli Ren, Xie Xie, Xueping Li, Ying Xu, Guangfeng Zhao, Peizhen Li, Fuqian Yang, Yang Ren, Peter K. Liaw

Chemical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

The statistical and dynamic analyses of the serrated-flow behavior in the nanoindentation of a high-entropy alloy, Al_0.5CoCrCuFeNi, at various holding times and temperatures, are performed to reveal the hidden order associated with the seemingly-irregular intermittent flow. Two distinct types of dynamics are identified in the high-entropy alloy, which are based on the chaotic time-series, approximate entropy, fractal dimension, and Hurst exponent. The dynamic plastic behavior at both room temperature and 200 °C exhibits a positive Lyapunov exponent, suggesting that the underlying dynamics is chaotic. The fractal dimension of the indentation depth increases with the increase of temperature, and …

Comparison Of Sfm Computer Vision Point Clouds Of A Landslide Derived From Multiple Small Uav Platforms And Sensors To A Tls Based Model, Samantha Ruggles, Joseph Clark, Kevin W. Franke, Derek Wolfe, Brandon Reimschiissel, Ronald Abraham Martin, Trent Okeson, John Hedengren

Faculty Publications

Structure from motion (SfM) computer vision is a remote sensing method that is gaining popularity due to its simplicity and ability to accurately characterize site geometry in three dimensions (3D). While many researchers have demonstrated the potential for SfM to be used with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to model in three dimensions various geologic features such as landslides, little is understood how the selection of the UAV platform can affect the resolution and accuracy of the model. This study evaluates the resolution and accuracy of 3D point cloud models of a large landslide that occurred in 2013 near Page, Arizona …

Film Performance Of Poly(Lactic Acid) Blends For Packaging Applications, Carlos A. Diaz, Hsunpao Y. Pao, Sungyoung Kim

Journal of Applied Packaging Research

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA), a biodegradable thermoplastic derived from renewable resources, stands out as a substitute to petroleum-based plastics. PLA based films for food packaging has been an area of both commercial and research interest within the context of sustainability. In spite of its high strength, packaging applications have been limited because PLA is more brittle than traditional oil-based plastics. Because of this, films display low tear and impact resistance and produce a loud crackling sound when manipulated. Although many studies address the toughening of PLA in the bulk, little attention has been placed on the film performance. The present study …

Occurrence Of Reverse Side Effects In Corona Treatment Of Dispersion-Coated Paperboard And Its Influence On Grease Barrier Properties, Sami-Seppo Ovaska, Ringaudas Rinkunas, Tadeusz Lozovksi, Robertas Maldzius, Jonas Sidaravicius, Leena-Sisko Johansson, Monika Österberg, Kaj Backfolk

Journal of Applied Packaging Research

The uncoated side of dispersion-barrier-coated paperboards was exposed to positive and negative direct current corona treatments in order to confirm the occurrence of backside treatment and clarify its effects on the usability of the paperboard. The main component of the coating dispersions was hydroxypropylated potato starch and the effects of talc and styrene-butadiene latex additions on backside treatment were evaluated. Coatings with a high talc proportion showed excellent initial grease resistance, but corona-induced strikethroughs caused a drastic decrease in grease penetration time. The root-mean-square roughness measurements revealed moderate surface roughening at the backside, indicating thus backside treatment. The alterations in …

Experimental Data Extraction And In Silico Prediction Of The Estrogenic Activity Of Renewable Replacements For Bisphenol A., Huixiao Hong, Benjamin G Harvey, Giuseppe R Palmese, Joseph F. Stanzione Iii, Hui Wen Ng, Sugunadevi Sakkiah, Weida Tong, Joshua M Sadler

Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering Departmental Research

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous compound used in polymer manufacturing for a wide array of applications; however, increasing evidence has shown that BPA causes significant endocrine disruption and this has raised public concerns over safety and exposure limits. The use of renewable materials as polymer feedstocks provides an opportunity to develop replacement compounds for BPA that are sustainable and exhibit unique properties due to their diverse structures. As new bio-based materials are developed and tested, it is important to consider the impacts of both monomers and polymers on human health. Molecular docking simulations using the Estrogenic Activity Database in …

Trends In Minimizing And Treating Industrial Wastes For Sustainable Environment, Muthanna H. Al-Dahhan

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

While treating the industrially produced wastes through various processes such as physical, chemical, biological and radiation processes have been implemented on various scales and is the focus of various studies and development, the trend of minimizing and/or eliminating the pollutions at the source via developing and selecting proper catalytic multiphase reactors is worth to be given proper attention and consideration which is the focus of this manuscript beside outlining the processes used for treating the wastes. In order to achieve such goal in minimizing the wastes, these multiphase reactors must be well understood, studied, scaled up and designed. This can …

The Influence Of Relative Particle Size And Material Interactions On The Flow-Induced Detachment Of Particles From A Microchannel, Morgan Brittany Mayfield

Graduate Theses - Chemical Engineering

Particulate transport in microfluidic channels is difficult due to confined geometries and low flow rates, which promote solids settling. To re-entrain these solids, the detachment behavior of closely-fitting particles from microchannel walls must be understood. Experiments were completed to examine the effects of particle size and material interactions on particle detachment velocity. Studies were conducted for various sizes of glass and poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA, spheres in glass and poly(dimethyl siloxane), PDMS, microfluidic channels. In addition, an inexpensive method to produce monodisperse PMMA microparticles was developed. To analyze the effect of material interactions, the work of adhesion between the particle and …

Go With The Flow –Thermoelectric Energy, Shawn Bell

Middle School Lesson Plans

In this unit, students will learn how thermal energy be transferred and transformed. They will carry out investigations to gather evidence to support an explanation about direct conversion of heat into electrical energy. They will develop a model that shows the components of the system and changes in the system being investigated, and they will use evidence from the investigation to construct an explanation for how the energy flows.

Fugitive Emissions, University Of North Dakota. Energy And Environmental Research Center

EERC Brochures and Fact Sheets

Fact sheet about fugitive emissions, their causes, and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency methods of detection and regulation. [This item is an outdated or superseded version and retained for historical purposes only. It may no longer reflect current information, policies, or practices.]

Hydrothermal Synthesis And Characterisation Of Bioactive Glass-Ceramic Nanorods, Ehsan Zeimaran, Sara Pourshahrestani, Seyed Farid Seyed Shirazi, Belinda Pingguan-Murphy, Nahrizul Adib Kadri, Mark R. Towler

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this study fabrication of rod-like bioactive glass-ceramics (BGCs) using hydrothermal treatment based on a sol-gel precursor is reported for the first time. BGCs with composition 58 wt% SiO₂, 33 wt% CaO and 9 wt% P₂O₅ were synthesized in different thermal conditions (200 and 220 °C) and characterised with regard to morphology, chemical composition and crystallinity. The bioactivity of the materials was assessed by immersion in simulated body fluid for up to 7 days. The results revealed that as the reaction temperature increased from 200 to 220 °C, the diameter of rods was reduced from …

Development Of Pressure Swing Adsorption (Psa) Processor Co2 Capture From Flue Gas, Md. Atikur Rahman

Theses and Dissertations

Reducing the anthropogenic CO2 emissions and lowering the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has become one of the most important environmental issues of recent times. To this end, the development of a cost effective pressure swing adsorption (PSA) process, utilizing commercially available 13X zeolite as the adsorbent, is underway to remove and concentrate CO2 in the flue gas of a coal-fired power plant. This systematic development effort has been carried out so far at the bench scale. It has included the following studies that defined and validated this PSA process both experimentally and via a PSA process model. …

Polyphenols As Natural, Dual-Action Therapeutics For Alzheimer's Disease, Kayla M. Pate

Theses and Dissertations

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is characterized by extracellular plaques in the brain created when monomeric amyloid-β (Aβ) protein aggregates into fibrillar structures. Soluble Aβ aggregates, including oligomers, that form along the reaction pathway are believed to be the primary pathogenic species and have been shown to increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This upregulation of ROS is one suggested contributing factor of Aβ aggregate cytotoxicity and has proven capable of mediating cell signaling associated with Aβ aggregate-induced cellular responses.

Polyphenols have been suggested as a complimentary AD therapeutic based on epidemiological evidence that …

Adsorption Reversibility Of So2, No2, And No On 13x And 5a Zeolites, Peter Fairchild

Theses and Dissertations

The adsorption reversibility of gasses that are typically found in flue gas for coal based power plants, such as SO2, NO2, and NO, onto 13X and 5A zeolites was presently investigated. The four individual gas mixtures containing these species consisted of 74 ppm NO (balance He), 74 ppm NO2 (balance He), 42 ppm SO2 (balance He), and 500 ppm SO2 (balance N2), which were also consistent with the values that are found in flue gas. Another gas, 15.03 mol% CO2 (balance N2), was also used in this work to evaluate the role of exposing SO2 to the zeolite on their …

Characterization, Synthesis And Stabilization Of Au Based Bimetallic Catalysis For The Hydrochlorination Of Acetylene, Kerry Charles O'Connell

Theses and Dissertations

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is the third most-produced plastic polymer world-wide by volume after polypropylene and polyethylene. Vinyl chloride monomer, which is polymerized into PVC, is produced via mercuric chloride catalysts that deactivate as mercury sublimes into the atmosphere from the catalyst surface, resulting in substantial environmental concerns.

In an effort to rationally synthesize non-mercuric catalysts, strong electrostatic adsorption (SEA) was used to prepare highly dispersed and active gold nanoparticles over low point of zero charge (PZC) carbon to increase the active metal surface area. The use of <1.5nm gold clusters did not lead to large increases in activity as there was an increased degree of particle coalescence during reaction for activated carbon supported samples. A pronounced support effect was observed in which oxide supports completely prevented Au sintering, but was virtually inactive. This suggests that the active site for the hydrochlorination reaction involves the carbon surface.

The stabilization of carbon supported gold nanoparticles in the HCl-rich reaction environment was …

Development Of Highly Active And Stable Compressive Pt Cathode Catalysts For Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells, Taekeun Kim

Theses and Dissertations

With the limited fossil fuel reserve and increased power demand, polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) have been considered to be a promising alternative to the current energy consumption mode due to its high energy conversion, high efficiency, and zero emissions. However, high cost, poor stability, and sluggish kinetic for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of Pt/C cathode catalysts are obstacles for the commercialization of PEMFC for automotive application. The observed poor stability is attributed to a corrosion of carbon supports due to low pH, high temperature, and high anodic potentials (1.0-1.5 V) at the cathode interface during start-up/shutdown conditions. Electrochemical …