Engineering Commons^™

Effect Of Surfactant Addition On The Dispersion And Antioxidant Performance Of Pyrogallol In Biodiesel, Silvya Yusri, Mohammad Nasikin, Hery Sutanto

Makara Journal of Science

Biodiesel is one of the most feasible energy sources that can be used as a replacement for fossil fuel. Biodiesel has several advantages over conventional fuels because of its availability, renewability, and high combustion efficiency. However, biodiesel that contains unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters is prone to oxidation during the blending process and storage period. The complete oxidation reaction of biodiesel produces insoluble gums that could potentially plug the fuel engines. This reaction has become the main barrier for biodiesel to compete with other biofuels. Among several methods, the addition of antioxidants is the most cost-effective method to prevent the …

Detection Of Nucleotides In Hydrated Ssdna Via 2-D H-Bn Nanopore With Ionic-Liquid/Salt-Water Interface, Jungsoo Lee

Multidisciplinary Studies Theses and Dissertations

Accomplishing slow translocation speed with high sensitivity has been the greatest mission for solid-state nanopore (SSN) to electrically detect nucleobases in single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). In this study, a method to detect nucleobases in ssDNA using a SSN is introduced by considerably slowing down the translocation speed and effectively increasing its sensitivity. The ultra-thin titanium dioxide (TiO₂) coated hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanopore was fabricated, along with an ionic-liquid [bmim][PF₆]/2.0 M KCl aqueous (cis/trans) interfacial system, to increase both the spatial and the temporal resolutions. As the ssDNA molecules entered the nanopore, a …

Modeling Residence Time Distribution Of Chromatographic Perfusion Resin For Large Biopharmaceutical Molecules: A Computational Fluid Dynamic Study, Kevin Vehar

KGI Theses and Dissertations

The need for production processes of large biotherapeutic particles, such as virus-based particles and extracellular vesicles, has risen due to increased demand in the development of vaccinations, gene therapies, and cancer treatments. Liquid chromatography plays a significant role in the purification process and is routinely used with therapeutic protein production. However, performance with larger macromolecules is often inconsistent, and parameter estimation for process development can be extremely time- and resource-intensive. This thesis aimed to utilize advances in computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modeling to generate a first-principle model of the chromatographic process while minimizing model parameter estimation's physical resource demand. Specifically, …

Use Of Food Waste Activated Carbons For Wastewater Treatment, Abigale Monasterial

Honors Scholar Theses

Activated carbons are often used to remove phenol from wastewater. However, they are usually derived from expendable resources, such as coal and have high regeneration costs. In this work, the adsorption of phenol on activated carbon derived from food waste was studied to understand its kinetics, determine its maximum adsorption capacity, and compare it to commercial activated carbons. Adsorption experiments were performed at 298 K for 48 hours at various pHs and initial phenol concentrations. The adsorption data was then fit to the pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, and intraparticle diffusion models to understand the kinetics and to the Langmuir and …

Flow Patterns, Velocity Distributions And Mixing Time In Stirred Tank Reactor Under A Range Of Operating Conditions, Nor Haslina Abdullah

Student Works (2020-2029)

The present work employed a two-dimensional Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) technique to determine the flow patterns and velocity distributions of a down-pumping pitched-blade turbine (4PB) and a Rushton turbine (RT) in a flat-bottom fully baffled stirred vessel (T=0.155m) using distilled water and glycerin as liquids. Fluid velocities increased as the impeller speed increased from 50rpm to 300rpm for both fluids and the RT impeller reached a maximum value of velocity of 1.42m/s at the blade tip. The 4PB had higher velocity compared to RT in glycerin, but RT had higher velocity than 4PB in distilled water. In water, radial flow …

Copper Electrodeposition In Full Wafer Thickness Through-Silicon Vias, Rebecca P. Schmitt

Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs

Through-silicon vias (TSVs) are a key interconnect technology for advanced packaging of microelectronic devices, and full wafer thickness TSVs are required for certain microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) applications. In this work, electrolytes containing copper sulfate, an acid, chloride, and Tetronic 701 suppressor were implemented for Cu filling of high aspect ratio (10:1), full wafer thickness TSVs. For each electrolyte system, rotating disk electrode voltammetry was used to identify a voltage range for bottom-up Cu filling in the TSVs. Die level feature filling was performed using voltage ramping, which moved active deposition through the vias to yield void-free Cu features. During voltage-controlled …

Pressure-Induced Formation And Mechanical Properties Of 2d Diamond Boron Nitride, Filippo Cellini, Francesco Lavini, Elton Chen, Angelo Bongiorno, Filip Popovic, Ryan L. Hartman, Remi Dingreville, Elisa Riedo

Publications and Research

Understanding phase transformations in 2D materials can unlock unprecedented developments in nanotechnology, since their unique properties can be dramatically modified by external fields that control the phase change. Here, experiments and simulations are used to investigate the mechanical properties of a 2D diamond boron nitride (BN) phase induced by applying local pressure on atomically thin h-BN on a SiO2 substrate, at room temperature, and without chemical functionalization. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations show a metastable local rearrangement of the h-BN atoms into diamond crystal clusters when increasing the indentation pressure. Raman spectroscopy experiments confirm the presence of a pressure-induced cubic BN …

One-Dimensional Turbulence (Odt): Computationally Efficient Modeling And Simulation Of Turbulent Flows, Victoria B. Stephens, David O. Lignell

Faculty Publications

One-dimensional turbulence (ODT) is an accurate and computationally efficient model for simulating turbulent flows. ODT has been applied to a wide range of flow problems including reaction, multiphase, differential diffusion, heat release, buoyancy, and wall flows. Applications include use as a standalone model and as a closure for large-eddy simulation (LES). Its strength lies in the ability to capture a full range of turbulent length and time scales. The ODT model is strongly coupled with its implementation, complicating its formulations. We present a modern, open-source, object-oriented C++ implementation of ODT. The code described here and made available online can be …

Understanding The Role Of Atom Trapping In The Evolution Of Hydrocarbon Transformation Catalyst Morphology, Griffin Alexander Canning

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

Converting alkanes to other, more chemically and economically valuable molecules requires catalysts that can survive elevated temperatures and highly reducing environments. These environments can cause many metal-nanoparticle based catalysts to sinter rapidly, causing a loss of activity. They must also tolerate the coke formation, as well, since coke can restrict access to active sites by gas phase molecules, thus lowering catalytic activity. While there are routes to improve both the sinter and coke resistance of catalysts, an alternative strategy is to develop a protocol for regenerating the activity of the catalyst in question when coke formation or sintering becomes problematic. …

An Improved Foam Modeling Technique And Its Application To Petroleum Drilling And Production Practice, Yanfang Wang

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Foam is one of the most common used multiphase fluid in Underbalanced Drilling (UBD) and Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD). Because of its low density, high capacity of lifting and carrying cuttings, low cost and compatibility with formations, foam has become more superior than the conventional drilling mud when depleted reservoir pressure, severe lost circulation, or unstable borehole are encountered. In general, the success of foam applications rely on the understanding of the fundamentals of foam rheology in downhole conditions.

Foam rheology has been studied for decades. Conventional foam rheological models such as Power Law, Bingham Plastic, Herschel-Bulkley to explain foam …

Well Oiled Machine: Classifying Machinery Performance Reductions Using Work Order Data, Jacob Brionez, Amber Burnett, Cho Kim, Scott M. Whitney, Thomas N. Anderson, Sumeet Treehan

SMU Data Science Review

Work Order (WO) data from System Applications and Products in Data Processing (SAP) software contains valuable information about what WOs intend to accomplish. Using SAP work order data, with time-series machinery sensor data combined into the same dataset, provides an opportunity to optimize prediction models to increase performance. Ideally, WO data can be utilized to help predict machinery's anticipated performance and can help prioritize a WO among others based on the anticipated machinery performance. It is possible to identify anomalies in pump sensor data using the Isolation Forest algorithm as the method for anomaly detection. The relationship between the sensor …

A Computational Investigation Of The Interstitial Oxidation Thermodynamics Of A Mo-Nb-Ta-W High Entropy Alloy Beyond The Dilute Regime, Adib J. Samin

Faculty Publications

High entropy alloys (HEAs) are promising candidates for high-temperature structural material applications. Oxidation is a major factor that must be accounted for when designing such materials and it is thus important to study the oxidation behavior of HEAs to enable the optimum design of next generation materials. In this study, the thermodynamic behavior of interstitial oxygen in a Mo-Nb-Ta-W high entropy alloy was explored beyond the dilute limit. This was accomplished by sampling configurations of the HEA and HEA-oxygen systems from an isothermal–isobaric ensemble using a series of first-principle-based Monte Carlo simulations. It was found that the interstitial oxygen had …

Machine Learning Based Applications For Data Visualization, Modeling, Control, And Optimization For Chemical And Biological Systems, Yan Ma

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation report covers Yan Ma’s Ph.D. research with applicational studies of machine learning in manufacturing and biological systems. The research work mainly focuses on reaction modeling, optimization, and control using a deep learning-based approaches, and the work mainly concentrates on deep reinforcement learning (DRL). Yan Ma’s research also involves with data mining with bioinformatics. Large-scale data obtained in RNA-seq is analyzed using non-linear dimensionality reduction with Principal Component Analysis (PCA), t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE), and Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP), followed by clustering analysis using k-Means and Hierarchical Density-Based Spatial Clustering with Noise (HDBSCAN). This report focuses …

Influence Of The Shaping Process On The Tensile Properties Of Steel Reinforcement Bars Carbon Steel Grades Bjtp24 And Bjts40, Nuraziz Handika, Ridha Amalia Idhar, Jessica Sjah, Essy Arijoeni, Elly Tjahjono

Makara Journal of Technology

According to the current applicable national standard in Indonesia, i.e. SNI 07 2529 1991, in addition to the limitation on the loading rate, the steel bar must be reduced, formed, or lathed, as part of the shaping process of samples. This study determined and compared the effect of the shaping process on the yield strength, ultimate strength, and percent elongation by conducting tensile tests of steel bar grade BJTS40, i.e. deformed bar type of steel, and grade BJTP24, i.e., plain bar type of steel. Three diameters of the deformed bar (BJTS40) and one diameter of the plain bar (BJTP24) were …

A Density Functional Theory Study On Using Montmorillonite To Reduce Air Pollution, Triati Dewi Kencana Wungu, Meqorry Yusfi, Suprijadi Suprijadi

Makara Journal of Technology

In this study, density functional theory (DFT) method is used to investigate the possibility of using a smectite clay mineral called montmorillonite (MMT) in reducing heavy metals, such as Cd, through Cd adsorption. The mechanism of Cd adsorption in MMT is observed theoretically, and the tetrahedrally isomorphic substitution on the upper layer of MMT is considered to observe the role of Al and Fe in strengthening Cd adsorption. Two types of MMT are modeled in this study: Al-MMT and Fe-MMT. The Al-MMT means that Al substitutes one atom in the upper tetrahedral layer of MMT, while Fe-MMT means that Fe …

Ionic Conductiviy Of Alginate-Nh4cl Polymer Electrolyte, Nurhasniza Mamajan Khan, Noor Saadiah Mohd Ali, Ahmad Faizrin Ahmad Fuzlin, Ahmad Salihin Samsudin

Makara Journal of Technology

This study aims to produce a solid biopolymer electrolyte (SBE) by doping ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) into alginate. Solution casting was used to prepare the alginate–NH4Cl SBE system. Electrical impedance spectroscopy was performed to analyze the electrical properties of the SBE under the applied frequency range of 50 Hz–1 MHz. The incorporation of 8 wt.% NH4Cl enhances the ionic conductivity of the SBE up to 3.18 × 10-7 S/cm at ambient room temperature. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy shows that complexation occurs between the hydroxyl (-OH), carboxylate (COO-) and ether linkage (C-O-C) functional groups due to the formation of inter- and intra-molecular …

Use Of Viscoplastic Damper For Improving The Resistance Of Steel Frames To Blast Loading, Gholamreza Abdollahzadeh, Hadi Faghihmaleki, Hamed Hamidi Jamnani, Atefeh Ebrahimi Bardar

Makara Journal of Technology

In this paper, we evaluated the effect of viscoplastic dampers on the response of steel frames under blast loading. We used SAP2000 software and link elements to investigate the responses of nine-story steel frames with and without dampers. The proposed viscoplastic damper is a new type of viscous damper. The application of this damper is based on the availability of its constituent materials. The damper acts as a viscoelastic damper at low levels of vibration, but it acts as a combination of viscoelastic operator and metal-yielding device at extreme levels of vibration. With respect to the height of the structure, …

Influence Of Lithium Bromide On Electrical Properties In Bio-Based Polymer Electrolytes, Ahmad Faizrin Fuzlin, Bouchta Sahraoui, Ahmad Salihin Samsudin

Makara Journal of Technology

This research presents the influence of lithium bromide (LiBr) on the electrical properties of alginate in bio-based polymer electrolytes (BBPEs) system. Bio-based alginate was prepared using the solution casting technique with various LiBr compositions. The ionic conductivity and electrical properties of the prepared BBPEs samples were studied using electrical impedance spectroscopy over a frequency range of 50 Hz–1 MHz. A maximum ionic conductivity of 7.46 × 10−5 S cm-1 was obtained for a sample containing 15 wt. % lithium bromide-doped alginate BBPEs at ambient temperature (303 K). The electrical analysis revealed that the most conductive sample based on alginate-LiBr BBPEs …

Mechanical Alloying-Assisted Coating Of Fe–Al Powders On Steel Substrate, Alfian Noviyanto, Sri Harjanto, Wahyu Bambang Widayatno, Agus Sukarto Wismogroho, Muhamad Ikhlasul Amal, Nurul Taufiqu Rochman

Makara Journal of Technology

The coating layer of Fe–Al powders on the steel substrate was prepared by mechanical alloying at room temperature. Fe, Al, and the steel substrates were milled with high-energy ball milling for 32 h with a ball-to-powder ratio of 8 in an argon atmosphere to prevent oxidation during milling. Although mechanical alloying was performed for 32 h, no new phases were observed after mechanical alloying, as analyzed by X-ray diffraction. However, the crystallite size of the milled powders for 32 h decreased by factor two compared with the initial powders. Scanning electron micrographs showed that the coating layers formed >8 h …

Performance Of Free-Space Optical Communication Systems Using Optical Amplifiers Under Amplify-Forward And Amplify-Received Configurations, Ucuk Darusalam, Arockia Bazil Raj, Fitri Yuli Zulkifli, Purnomo Sidi Priambodo, Eko Tjipto Rahardjo

Makara Journal of Technology

With the growth of digital technology in the stage of industrial revolution 4.0, the demand for broadcasting large amounts of information to last mile users has increased. Free-space optical (FSO) communication is one of the telecommunication platforms that has shown immense potential in meeting the demand for information broadcasting. In this work, the performance of FSO communication based on wavelength division multiplexing with a data rate of 80 Gbps is investigated through simulations. The configuration of optical amplifiers in the FSO system is set up on the basis of the amplify-forward and amplify-received configurations to expand the network. The investigation …

Iso 9001:2015 Risk-Based Thinking: A Framework Using Fuzzy-Support Vector Machine, Ralph Sherwin A. Corpuz

Makara Journal of Technology

Risk-based thinking (RBT) is one of the distinct new features of the International Organization for Standardization 9001:2015. Interestingly, the standard does not prescribe any tools. Hence, organizations are puzzled as to the extent of conformance. Some organizations have adopted formal tools. However, these tools seem insufficient in linking the standard into an evidence-based decision support system. To resolve gaps in RBT implementation, this paper proposes a framework based on fuzzy inference system (FIS) and support vector machine (SVM) to automate risk analysis and evaluation, proposal and verification of action plans, and prediction of the feasibility of risks and opportunities according …

Enhancement Of Regeneration Ratio And Thermal Durability For Regenerated Fiber Bragg Grating Based On Pre-Annealing Treatment And Multimaterial Fibers, Nurul Asha Mohd Nazal

Student Works (2020-2029)

Regenerated fiber Bragg grating (RFBG) or also known as regenerated grating (RG) is the creation of the temperature resistant grating through thermal erasure of seed grating (SG) followed by a rebirth of new grating in a annealing process. RG has shown to be a promising fiber Bragg grating component for operation under very high ambient temperature condition. Nonetheless, further investigation and improvement are required to better understand its formation mechanism and to enhance its performance. This study aims to enhance the regeneration ratio and thermal durability of the RG based on pre-annealing treatment and multimaterial fiber. In this work, the …

The Varied Thermal Response Of Magnetic Iron-Oxide Nanoparticles During Induction Heating In Liquid And Solid-Liquid Phase Change Mediums, Joshua Tompkins

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This study investigates the induction heating response of uncapped iron oxide nanoparticles sonically dispersed as a nanofluid and mechanically distributed in solid phase change materials. The nanoparticles examined have a mean diameter of 14.42 nm and are magnetically heated in an alternating magnetic field at an amplitude of 72.6 kA/m at frequencies of 217, 303, and 397 kHz. Nanoparticle characterization was undertaken through transition electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and dynamic light scattering when in suspension. Carrier fluids were characterized through viscosity, heat capacity, and density measurements which were used in the calorimetric calculation of the specific absorption rate (SAR) of …

Microglia Control Vascular Architecture Via A Tgfβ1 Dependent Paracrine Mechanism Linked To Tissue Mechanics, Tejasvi Dudiki, Julia Meller, Gautam Mahajan, Huan Liu, Irina Zhevlakova, Samantha Stefl, Conner Witherow, Eugene Podrez, Chandrasekhar R. Kothapalli, Tatiana V. Byzova

Chemical & Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

© 2020, The Author(s). Tissue microarchitecture and mechanics are important in development and pathologies of the Central Nervous System (CNS); however, their coordinating mechanisms are unclear. Here, we report that during colonization of the retina, microglia contacts the deep layer of high stiffness, which coincides with microglial bipolarization, reduction in TGFβ1 signaling and termination of vascular growth. Likewise, stiff substrates induce microglial bipolarization and diminish TGFβ1 expression in hydrogels. Both microglial bipolarization in vivo and the responses to stiff substrates in vitro require intracellular adaptor Kindlin3 but not microglial integrins. Lack of Kindlin3 causes high microglial contractility, dysregulation of ERK …

Atherosclerosis: Pathology, Role Of Sd-Ldl, Particle Size Characterization Of Sd-Ldl With Multiangle Light Scattering, Akshay Sudhakar Ukey

Masters Theses

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease due to the accumulation of lipids in the inner wall of arteries. As per the report of Center of Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC), 1 in every 4 deaths is due to heart diseases each year. Atherosclerosis occurs when artery walls harden by the buildup of cholesterol, forming multiple atherosclerotic plaques within the aorta (4). Out of the modern medicines available to control cholesterol, statin is amongst the foremost widely used because it is both safe and effective in lowering high risk patients (9). However, usage of high statins dosage typically leads to some mild …

Aldosterone Up-Regulates Voltage-Gated Potassium Currents And Nkcc1 Protein Membrane Fractions, Parveen Bazard, Bo Ding, Harish K. Chittam, Xiaoxia Zhu, Thomas A. Parks, Thomas E. Taylor-Clark, Venkat R. Bhethanabotla, Robert D. Frisina, Joseph P. Walton

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Na+–K+–2Cl− Cotransporter (NKCC1) is a protein that aids in the active transport of sodium, potassium, and chloride ions across cell membranes. It has been shown that long-term systemic treatment with aldosterone (ALD) can enhance NKCC1 protein expression and activity in the aging cochlea resulting in improved hearing. In the present work, we used a cell line with confirmed NKCC1 expression to demonstrate that in vitro application of ALD increased outward voltage-gated potassium currents significantly, and simultaneously upregulated whole lysate and membrane portion NKCC1 protein expression. These ALD-induced changes were blocked by applying the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist eplerenone. However, application of …

Noise And Detectivity Limits In Organic Shortwave Infrared Photodiodes With Low Disorder, Zhenghui Wu, Ning Li, Naresh Eedugurala, Jason D. Azoulay, Dong Seok Leem, Tse Nga Ng

Faculty Publications

© 2020, The Author(s). To achieve high detectivity in infrared detectors, it is critical to reduce the device noise. However, for non-crystalline semiconductors, an essential framework is missing to understand and predict the effects of disorder on the dark current. This report presents experimental and modeling studies on the noise current in exemplar organic bulk heterojunction photodiodes, with 10 donor–acceptor combinations spanning wavelength between 800 and 1600 nm. A significant reduction of the noise and higher detectivity were found in devices using non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) in comparison to those using fullerene derivatives. The low noise in NFA blends was attributed …

Homotopy Simulation Of Dissipative Micropolar Flow And Heat Transfer From A Two-Dimensional Body With Heat Sink Effect: Applications In Polymer Coating, O. A. Bég, B. Vasu, A. K. Ray, T. A. Beg, A. Kadir, H. J. Leonard, Rama S. R. Gorla

Faculty Publications

Non-Newtonian flow from a wedge constitutes a fundamental problem in chemical engineering systems and is relevant to processing of polymers, coating systems, etc. Motivated by such applications, the homotopy analysis method (HAM) was employed to obtain semi-analytical solutions for thermal convection boundary layer flow of incompressible micropolar fluid from a two-dimensional body (wedge). Viscous dissipation and heat sink effects were included. The non-dimensional boundary value problem emerges as a system of nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations, by virtue of suitable coordinate transformations. The so-called Falkner-Skan flow cases are elaborated. Validation of the HAM solutions was achieved with earlier simpler models, …

The Use Of Nanoparticles And Electrospun Fibers For Intravaginal Delivery To Treat Viral And Bacterial Infections And Electrophysiological Measurements Of Synthetic Chloride Channels., Farnaz Minooei

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Female reproductive viral and bacterial infections affect millions of women worldwide. Given the diversity and magnitude of these unmet reproductive health challenges, topical administration of antiretrovirals (ARVs) and antibiotics have emerged as promising approaches to maintain and restore reproductive health. However, currently available intravaginal dosage forms often suffer from low user adherence and the need for frequent, daily administration to achieve therapeutic effect. To address these challenges, the broad goal of this research was to focus on the development of new localized nanoparticle (NP) and electrospun fiber dosage forms to prolong the delivery and enhance the efficacy of active agents …

Utilizing A New Eco-Friendly Drilling Mud Additive Generated From Wastes To Minimize The Use Of The Conventional Chemical Additives, Abo Taleb T. Al-Hameedi, Husam H. Alkinani, Mohammed M. Alkhamis, Shari Dunn-Norman

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The cost of the drilling operation is very high. Drilling fluid presents 15 to 30% of the entire expense of the drilling process. Ordinarily, the major drilling fluids additives are viscosity modifiers, filtration control agents, and partial loss treatments. In this experimental work, full-set measurements under fresh and aged conditions, as well as high-temperature and high-pressure (HTHP) API filtration, were conducted to study the impacts of adding 0.5%, 1.5%, 2.5%, and 3.5% of black sunflower seeds’ shell powder (BSSSP) to spud mud. BSSSP of various grain sizes showed their ability to be invested for viscosity modifying, seepage loss controlling, and …