Engineering Commons^™

The Anodic Oxidation Of Oxalic Acid On Au, Steven C. Mueller

Masters Theses

"The anodic oxidation of oxalic acid on Au has been studied at 80°C in aqueous media. The reaction rate was measured as a function of potential, oxalic acid concentration, pH, and temperature in H₂SO₄-K₂SO₄-KOH solutions of unit ionic strength. The oxalic acid was oxidized only in acidic media. The oxidation to CO₂ was essentially complete. A first order dependence of the rate on both pH and undissociated oxalic acid was found. A mechanism is proposed in which the first decarboxylation is the rate determining step"--Abstract, page 1.

The Effect Of Solvents On The Desorption Of Phenol From Carbon, Robert Harold Pahl

Masters Theses

"The desorption of phenol from active carbon was studied using cyclic and continuous flow desorbers. A wide difference in desorption capabilities was shown among nine solvents. The system employed was complex, with water being present in addition to phenol on the carbon. An attempt to correlate the desorption data with the physical properties of the phenol and solvent and Regular Solution theory are presented. A thermodynamic approach using the linear free energy-enthalpy relationship produced an apparently good correlation of the heat of formation of the phenol-solvent hydrogen bond with the desorption data. This indicates that the desorption of the phenol …

A Permeability Scaling Technique In The Numerical Simulation Of Water Coning, Virendra Kumar Dutta

Masters Theses

"A two-dimensional, two-phase, radial, horizontally layered water coning simulator was programmed for large memory digital computers. A permeability sealing technique is developed which allows the use of large size blocks as production blocks. As a result of this technique large time steps have been used without causing saturation instabilities around the well bore and the permeability scaling technique allows a more realistic simulation of a water cone. The IMPES method is used to calculate pressure and saturation in the system for each finite time step. The behaviour of the simulator is studied for various factors affecting the advance of a …

A Comparative Study Of Experimental And Computed Compressibility Factors Of Ethane-Carbon Dioxide-Nitrogen System, Brij Raj Misra

Masters Theses

"The purpose of this study was to provide compressibility factor data on the ethane - carbon dioxide - nitrogen system. Compressibility factors were experimentally determined for 5 mixtures at room temperature, 100ºF, 125ºF , 150ºF and pressures ranging between 1000 psig to 4000 psig. An attempt was also made to compare the experimental data with the compressibility factors obtained by the additive volume method. The deviation of the computed compressibility factor from the experimental data was found to be in accordance with the general view of previous workers. However, the deviation was found to be a maximum in the pressure …

The Anodic Dissolution Of Tungsten, Ching-Lun Wu

Masters Theses

"The anodic dissolution of tungsten was studied in H₂SO₄-K₂SO₄ solutions (pH= -2 to 2.5) andK₂SO₄-K₂CO₃-KOH solutions (pH = 11.5 to 14.5) at 25ºC. Faradaic efficiency studies in basic solutions showed that the metal was oxidized to the +6 state. In acid solutions, a thick protective film of yellow WO₃ was formed. Polarization measurements showed linear Tafel behavior (slope ~ 2.3RT/F) in the potential region slightly more positive than the rest potentials. An anodic dissolution mechanism is proposed which involves a surface film of W₂O₅ that is further oxidized to WO₃ and dissolves by hydrolyzation"--Abstract, page 1.

Determination Of Reservoir Characteristics From Capillary Pressure Curves And Electrical Properties Of Rocks, Prasanta Kumar Guharoy

Masters Theses

"Based upon the assumptions that a porous medium is analogous to a bundle of capillary tubes and that there is equivalence of electrical and hydraulic tortuosity in a porous medium, empirical expressions are presented which relate capillary pressure data and electrical properties of the rock to the porosity, permeability and relative-water permeability, respectively, of completely water-wet rocks. Experimental data are presented for comparison in order to verify their validity. Three principal models are presented, each of which is characterized by a particular expression for estimating tortuosity. The method of determining this parameter was varied in order to find the form …

The Anodic Dissolution Of Zinc In Potassium Chloride-Potassium Chlorate Solutions, Kuei Chun Chen

Masters Theses

"The anodic dissolution of Zn was studied in Cl⁻-Clo⁻₃; solutions at a temperature of 25ºC. It was found that the apparent valence of Zn ions going into solution was approximately the normal value of two at low current densities. An empirical equation was derived relating the apparent valence to the current density and both concentrations of Cl⁻ and Clo⁻₃. An anodic dissolution mechanism was proposed"--Abstract, page 1.

Degradation Of Polystyrene Solutions By Capillary Shear, Tyan-Faung Niu

Masters Theses

"An apparatus has been constructed to investigate the capillary shear degradation of polymer solutions. Maximum shear rates obtainable under flow conditions which could be characterized as nonturbulent were on the order of 10₅ sec⁻¹. The effect of calculated shear rate, initial molecular weight, and number of passes through the capillary tube on the degradation of polystyrene (with M̄_v from 22,000 to 1,770,000) solutions in toluene (0.1 wt.%) were studied. The tests in the 0.0105 in. ID stainless steel tube at a calculated shear rate of 1.36 x 10₅ sec⁻¹ show that, for equal number of passes, the lower the …

The Electrochemical Behavior Of Molybdenum In Acidic Chloride Solutions, Mun-Shan Lee

Masters Theses

"The anodic dissolution of Mo was studied in HC1-KC1 solutions at 25ºC. The apparent valences of Mo ions going into solution were approximately six. Lower values were obtained in HC1 solutions, with the most pronounced changes occurring with the higher concentrations. The resultant ions in solution were Mo-VI. The Mo surface in aqueous solutions appears to be covered with an oxide whose approximate composition is Mo₂O₅. The anodic dissolution is controlled by the oxidation of the surface oxide (Mo₂O₅) to MoO₃"--Abstract, page 1.

Shear Degradation Of Polystyrene In Toluene, Ali Asghar Sarmasti

Masters Theses

"The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent of flow degradation of narrow molecular weight distribution polystyrene samples under the conditions of laminar flow in capillary tubes. In all cases the solvent was toluene at 25ºC, the polymer concentration was 0.1 weight percentage, and the calculated shear rate at the wall was in the range of 10⁵ - 10⁶ sec⁻¹. The extent of degradation was obtained by measuring the intrinsic viscosity [eta] of the polystyrene samples before and after flow through capillary tubes having a wide range of length/diameter (L/D) ratios. The polystyrene samples here had molecular weight …

Comparison Of The Buckley-Leverett Technique With A Numerical Simulation Model Containing Heterogeneity And Capillary Pressure, Krishna Kumar Singh

Masters Theses

"A numerical model for a linear, two-phase fluid flow system has been developed with the capabilities of accounting for heterogeneity and capillarity. The model developed is general enough to analyze either water-oil or gas-oil systems. A hypothetical petroleum reservoir (containing only water and oil) under water flood was studied. The results for the homogeneous, no capillary pressure case were found to be similar to those obtained by the Buckley-Leverett technique. The study shows that the Buckley-Leverett is accurate even for a certain degree of heterogeneity. Also, capillarity does not substantially alter the results for the system studied. The results obtained …

Effect Of Third Components On Drag Reduction In Aluminum Soap-Hydrocarbon Systems, Kun-Chieh Lee

Masters Theses

"The effect of additives, aging, shear and peptizing agents on the drag reducing abilities of aluminum disoaptoluene solutions prepared at room temperature were studied. Viscosity measurements were used as a primary test to select effective additives. Medium strong organic bases were found to be useful as they speed up the dissolution of slow dissolving aluminum dioctoate soap and form large micelle structures. These peptizers are not effective with aluminum distearate which is very hard to dissolve in toluene at room temperature. Turbulent flow pressure drop measurements at various aging times were made for solutions of 0.1 per cent aluminum dioleate …

A Comparative Study Of Experimental And Computed Compressibility Factors Of Methane-Nitrogen-Carbon Dioxide System, Piloo Eruchshaw Ilavia

Masters Theses

"Experimentally determined compressibility factors of a natural gas with impurities like carbon dioxide and nitrogen are found to differ with the values computed by various methods making use of compositional breakup of the gas. Compressibility factors for five mixtures of known composition were experimentally determined at room temperature, 100ºF, 125ºF, and 150ºF, and at pressure ranging between 1000 psi to 4000 psi. Using the known composition of the mixtures, compressibility factors were calculated by additive volume method and by Eilerts method. The deviation between computed and experimentally determined compressibility factors are at a maximum in the lower and higher pressure …

Chromatographic Determination Of Hydrocarbons Based On Retention Time Data For Squalene And Tetracyanoethylated Pentaerythritol Columns, Mehdi Honarpour

Masters Theses

"The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the theory that when several members of a homologous series are injected into a gas chromatograph, at a given flow rate and column temperature, the lograrithm of their retention time as a function of some increasing property of the homologous series may be presented as a straight line and to develop their equations. Experimental procedure was accomplished for the normal paraffin series with 7 1/2% squalene and 10% Tetracyanoethylated Pentaerythritol (T.C.E.pageE.) columns and the relation between retention time and carbon number was determined. The same type of development was employed for aromatic …

The Anodic Dissolution Of Tin In Acidic Chloride Solutions, Edward Chung-Hong Liu

Masters Theses

"The anodic dissolution of Sn in acidic chloride solutions (pH = -2.0 to 2.9) was studied at 25ºC. The apparent valence of the dissolving ions varied from about 0.4 to 2.4, a function of both electrolyte and c.d. The complexing of Sn⁺² by Cl⁻ had an important influence with SnCl₃⁻ apparently being the dominant products. A reaction sequence is proposed involving the step-wide oxidation of Sn accompanied by reaction with Cl⁻"--Abstract, page 1.

Size Distribution Analysis Of Carbon Black By Andreason Pipette Method, Natarajan Mani

Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs

There have been several methods commonly used for measuring particle size distribution of particulate systems in the subsieve region, i.e., less than 45 microns. Of the many indirect procedures of particle size analysis, sedimentation methods are among the most satisfactory and most widely used. - The value and appeal of sedimentation techniques are twofold: (1) the equipment required is simple and (2) a wide range of sizes may be measured readily with considerable accuracy and reproducibility. These techniques utilize the dependence of the falling velocities of particles on their size.

This study widely encompasses the various factors involved in the …

Electrochemical Reduction Of Chromate In The Presence Of Nickel Chloride In Molten Lithium Chloride-Potassium Chloride Eutectic, Branko N. Popov, H. A. Laitinen

Faculty Publications

Chronopotentiometry of chromate in the presence of NiCl₂ in molten LiCl-KCl eutectic reveals a diffusion controlled, three electron reduction step. In the presence of excess NiCl₂, chromate is reduced at −0.35V vs. Pt(II)/Pt reference electrode and the electroactive species responsible for the chrono-potentiometric wave is estimated to have a diffusion coefficient of 1.06 · 10⁻⁵ cm² sec⁻¹ at 450°C. The stoichiometry of the reduction product depends mainly on the temperature at which the deposit is formed. At 500°C the deposit approaches the composition LiNi₂CrO₄. X-ray powder diffraction shows the deposit …

Investigation Of Liquid Carryover In The Girdler-Sulfide Process For Production Of Heavy Water At The Aec Savannah River Plant, Samuel Clark Allen

Doctoral Dissertations

"An investigation of the causes of liquid carryover in the Girdler-Sulfide process for the production of heavy water was carried out using 12 samples of carbon collected over a one-year time period. Organic impurities from the feedwater were concentrated by adsorption on carbon. Studies of methods for the drying of carbon showed that freeze drying resulted in the minimum reproducible moisture retention without gross loss of the adsorbed organic materials. Rotary vacuum evaporation and air drying of beds of carbon were proven to be less efficient. A study was made of the variables which affect extraction efficiency by the Soxhlet …

Mass Transfer From Spherical Gas Bubbles And Liquid Droplets Moving Through Power-Law Fluids In The Laminar Flow Regime, Cheng-Chun Huang

Doctoral Dissertations

"Continuous phase mass transfer coefficients are presented for internally circulating spheres of a Newtonian fluid traveling through a power-law type continuous phase in to so-called creeping-flow region. The Nakano and Tien stream functions allow the Sherwood number to be determined as a function of the Peclet number, power-law index, and a viscosity ratio parameter. The Hirose and Moo-Young relation is shown to be a limiting case of this solution. Mass transfer rates increase as the fluids become more pseudoplastic and/or the continuous phase consistency index increases, all other factors held constant"--Abstract, page ii.

Numerical Simulation Of Forward Combustion In A Radial System, Tommie C. Wilson

Doctoral Dissertations

"A generalized mathematical model is described for the thermal recovery of oil in a radial system in which there are conductive heat losses to the surrounding formations, three phase fluid flow, conductive-convective heat transfer within the producing formation, combustion, and aqueous-phase changes considered. The mathematical form of the temperature equation requires that numerical solutions be obtained with a digital computer for which the numerical approximations of the partial differential equations are presented and the results discussed. The analysis is applied to field size simulations of a forward combustion project to permit direct field analyses of significant importance for accurate reproductions …

The Cathodic Reduction Of Maleic Acid, Show Yih Hsieh

Doctoral Dissertations

"The electrochemical reduction of maleic acid (0.0003 to 0.3 M) was studied on Hg, 0.5% Bi(Hg) amalgam, 5.0% Bi(Hg) amalgam, and Bi cathodes in 1 n H₂SO₄-K₂SO₄-KOH electrolytes (pH 0.3 to 4.0) at 60°C. The maleic acid was converted to succinic acid with high efficiencies (86 to 100%) on all cathodes. Polarization curves with linear Tafel sections were found. All the cathodes had similar kinetic parameters...A reaction mechanism consistent with the experimental observations is proposed..."--Abstract, pages ii-iii.

Binary Molecular Diffusivities In Liquids: Prediction And Comparison With Experimental Data, Ronald Dean Mitchell

Doctoral Dissertations

"The Eyring rate theory equation has been modified successfully to enable predictions of binary molecular diffusivities for a wide variety of liquid-liquid systems. The activation free energy for binary diffusion has been evaluated in terms of the activation free energies for self diffusion of the solvent and solute. This was accomplished through the use of regular solution theory by relating the bond breaking energy of the jump step to the bond breaking energy in evaporation. Diffusivities estimated by this equation and the equations developed by Olander, by Gainer and Metzner, and by Wilke and Chang were compared with experimental data. …

A Three-Dimensional Mathematical Simulator Of Multiphase Systems In A Petroleum Reservoir, Leonard Koederitz

Doctoral Dissertations

"A generalized digital analysis for calculating three phase, three dimensional flow in reservoirs is developed. The computerized mathematical model is applicable to depletion drive, gas injection, water injection, and/or aquifer drive systems with modifications specific to the simulation criterion of that type of drive and includes fluid compressibility effects, gravity drainage and capillary pressure. The simulation allows arbitrary consideration of reservoir heterogeneity, geometry, well locations and rates of production. An innovation to the alternating direction technique for linear differential equations discussed by Brian is developed and employed in order to render the method of solution applicable to non-linear differential equations. …

Anodic Dissolution Of Zinc In Potassium Iodide-Potassium Iodate Solutions, Chi-Chiu Yao

Doctoral Dissertations

"The anodic dissolution of Zn was studied in KI-KIO₃ solutions at 25ºC. In I⁻ solutions, it was found that the apparent valence of Zn ions going into solution is approximately two. Smaller values are obtained in IO₃⁻ solutions, with the most pronounced changes occurring in the higher concentrations. An empirical equation is derived relating the apparent valence (or anode efficiency) to the current density and concentrations of IO₃⁻ and I⁻. An anodic dissolution mechanism is proposed"--Abstract, page 1.

Simulation Of A Gas Storage Reservoir With Leakage By A Two-Dimensional Layered Mathematical Model, Steven William Ohnimus

Doctoral Dissertations

"A generalized mathematical model was developed for two-dimensional compressible fluid flow accounting for the effects of relative permeability capillary pressure, and gravity drainage in addition to the reservoir properties of rock heterogenity and reservoir geometry. The generalized model developed was applied to an aquifer gas storage reservoir in which vertical leakage occurred from the main reservoir to two adjacent overlaying zones. The experimental results of Thomas, et al. were utilized in applying the model to gas storage injection/withdrawal periods yielding reasonable results for the three layers"--Abstract, page ii.

A Liquid Extraction Column With Reciprocated Wire Mesh Packing, Robert M. Wellek, M. Uran Ozsoy, J. J. Carr, Dudley Thompson, Thomas V. Konkle

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In a new type of pulsating, liquid extractor, pulsating energy is added to the counter currently flowing liquid streams by a stainless-steel wire mesh packing which is reciprocated vertically in a 3-inch i.d. extraction column. The mass transfer performance and flooding characteristics are studied as a function of the frequency and amplitude of reciprocation, the total solvent and feed throughputs, and choice of phase dispersion. The benzene-HAc-H₂O and MIBK-HAcH₂O systems were used. Extraction data for the benzene system were correlated in terms of a dimensionless pulse velocity group. Operating throughputs are significantly higher than those achieved …

Simulation Of Periodic Tank Reactors, Noshir Pirojshaw Mistry

Dissertations

Normally it is assumed that the steady state mode of operation is most desirable for the design of the chemical reactor system. However it appears that this assumption may not be correct in many cases.

In the present work disturbances of various types were externally created and forced on a system comprising an isothermal continuous stirred tank reactor. The effects of these purposefully created disturbances were investigated by mathematically modelling the system and simulating it on a digital computer.

The change in reactor performance, as defined by the percentage change in the production rate from the steady state value, can …

Front Matter, University Of Missouri--Rolla

Symposia on Turbulence in Liquids

No abstract provided.

The Influence Of Ambiguity And Noise On The Measurement Of Turbulent Spectra By Doppler Scattering, J. L. Lumley, W. K. George, Y. Kobashi

Symposia on Turbulence in Liquids

A fundamental uncertainty in velocity measurement by Doppler scattering is caused by the finite residence time of the scattering particles in the observation volume; the arrival of scattering particles at arbitrary times gives rise to fluctuations in phase (and hence frequency) of the observed Doppler frequency. An estimate is obtained for the spectrum of these frequency fluctuations (called ambiguity noise). The frequency at which the spectral levels of a turbulent signal and the ambiguity noise are equal, provides a limit to the temporal resolution of an instantaneous velocity measurement; this limit is obtained, and shown to be quite restrictive. The …

Laser-Doppler Measurements Of The Decay Of Velocity Fluctuations In Dilute Polymer Solutions, Neil S. Berman, Eugene E. Cooper

Symposia on Turbulence in Liquids

Finite disturbances were generated in a pipe containing water or a 20 ppm solution of Separan AP-30 in water by oscillating a sleeve at the wall. The sleeve amplitude in the axial direction varied from 0.5 to 2.0 inches and the frequency from 0.25 to 1.0 Hz. Downstream of the sleeve oscillations in the fluid velocity were measured with a laser Doppler flowmeter at various axial and radial positions to determine behavior at the lower frequency part of the stability curve for water. The response amplitude, phase angle and the mean velocities were measured for both fluids at Reynolds numbers …