Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Teacher Education and Professional Development Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Higher Education (330)
- Educational Leadership (253)
- Educational Administration and Supervision (145)
- Higher Education and Teaching (143)
- Curriculum and Instruction (142)
-
- Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research (78)
- Other Education (78)
- Secondary Education and Teaching (77)
- Elementary Education and Teaching (68)
- Higher Education Administration (68)
- Science and Mathematics Education (68)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (61)
- Educational Methods (50)
- Elementary and Middle and Secondary Education Administration (50)
- Junior High, Intermediate, Middle School Education and Teaching (49)
- Pre-Elementary, Early Childhood, Kindergarten Teacher Education (44)
- Arts and Humanities (42)
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (42)
- Other Teacher Education and Professional Development (38)
- Instructional Media Design (32)
- Curriculum and Social Inquiry (31)
- Special Education and Teaching (31)
- Educational Psychology (27)
- Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education (25)
- Disability and Equity in Education (25)
- Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (25)
- Life Sciences (21)
- Adult and Continuing Education and Teaching (20)
- Institution
-
- Fort Hays State University (221)
- University of Nebraska - Lincoln (73)
- Walden University (39)
- Utah State University (28)
- Brigham Young University (26)
-
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas (19)
- Taylor University (17)
- University of Mississippi (17)
- Virginia Commonwealth University (17)
- Western Kentucky University (17)
- Aga Khan University (16)
- California State University, San Bernardino (15)
- Western Michigan University (15)
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville (14)
- Central Washington University (13)
- University of Texas at El Paso (13)
- Columbus State University (12)
- Georgia Southern University (12)
- Kennesaw State University (12)
- SIT Graduate Institute/SIT Study Abroad (11)
- Technological University Dublin (11)
- University of Nebraska at Omaha (11)
- Boise State University (10)
- Eastern Illinois University (10)
- Marshall University (10)
- Rowan University (10)
- Seton Hall University (10)
- Pace University (9)
- Virginia Community College System (9)
- Minnesota State University, Mankato (8)
- Keyword
-
- Education (57)
- Nigeria (45)
- Leadership (29)
- Higher education (21)
- Secondary education (20)
-
- Professional development (19)
- Teacher education (18)
- Child Nutrition (17)
- Elementary education (15)
- Research (15)
- Teaching (15)
- Teaching Resource Center (14)
- Faculty development (12)
- School Feeding (12)
- Technology (12)
- Learning (11)
- TRC (11)
- Teaching Skills Study Awards (11)
- Gender (10)
- No Child Left Behind (10)
- Principalship (10)
- Poverty (8)
- Assessment (7)
- Ghana (7)
- Literacy (7)
- Reading (7)
- Administration (6)
- Athletics (6)
- Early childhood (6)
- Emotional intelligence (6)
- Publication
-
- Academic Leadership: The Online Journal (2003-2012) (221)
- Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies (39)
- To Improve the Academy: A Journal of Educational Development (24)
- Theses and Dissertations (23)
- Faculty Publications (21)
-
- Dissertations (18)
- Journal of Mathematics and Science: Collaborative Explorations (17)
- Oral History Project (all interviews) (17)
- Department of Teaching, Learning, and Teacher Education: Faculty Publications (16)
- Growth: The Journal of the Association for Christians in Student Development (15)
- The Journal of the Assembly for Expanded Perspectives on Learning (14)
- All Graduate Projects (13)
- All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023 (13)
- Institute for Educational Development, Karachi (12)
- Perspectives In Learning (12)
- Teaching Skills Study Awards (TSSA) Reports (11)
- Professional and Organizational Development Network in Higher Education: Archives (10)
- Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs) (10)
- Theses, Dissertations and Capstones (10)
- UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones (10)
- Inquiry: The Journal of the Virginia Community Colleges (9)
- Teacher Education Faculty Publications (9)
- Curriculum, Instruction, and Foundational Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations (8)
- MA TESOL Collection (8)
- Teacher Education and Leadership Faculty Publications (8)
- Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts (7)
- Faculty Research and Creative Activity (6)
- Georgia Association of Mathematics Teacher Educators (GAMTE) Annual Conference (2007-2019) (6)
- Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Georgia Association of Mathematics Teacher Educators (6)
- Student Works (2010-2019) (6)
- Publication Type
- File Type
Articles 61 - 90 of 857
Full-Text Articles in Teacher Education and Professional Development
The Relationship Of Personality Traits To Satisfaction With The Team: A Study Of Interdisciplinary Teacher Teams In Rhode Island Middle Schools, Michele D. Humbyrd, Robert K. Gable
The Relationship Of Personality Traits To Satisfaction With The Team: A Study Of Interdisciplinary Teacher Teams In Rhode Island Middle Schools, Michele D. Humbyrd, Robert K. Gable
Teacher Education
Shared practice in schools has emerged; teachers are moving from isolation to team collaboration where personality traits could be related to quality interactions. Team personality traits and team satisfaction were examined. A survey and interview approach was used for N = 244 full-time teachers from N = 49 interdisciplinary teams at N = 7 middle schools. Descriptive, correlational, multiple regression analyses and coded themes about team members’ personalities and interactions were employed. No significant relationships were found between the BFI traits and Satisfaction with the Team. Team-level analysis indicated a significant negative correlation between Satisfaction with theTeam and Extraversion and …
Perceptions Of Doctoral Students Regarding Factors Contributing To Student Success, Felice D. Billups, Stacey L. Kite
Perceptions Of Doctoral Students Regarding Factors Contributing To Student Success, Felice D. Billups, Stacey L. Kite
Higher Education
Doctoral students comprise a unique population with special needs and concerns, both academically and personally. However, minimal research has been conducted regarding the programs and services that appropriately meet their needs, ensuring their academic success. The purpose of this study is to describe doctoral student satisfaction with Ed.D. program support services, offered at a small university in southern New England. Qualitative data from the first phase of this study identified factors that impede or assist in the completion of the degree program. These findings were used to develop a quantitative instrument to determine the satisfaction and magnitude of importance from …
Inferring Impulsive-Analytic Disposition From Written Responses, Kien Lim, Miguel Mendoza
Inferring Impulsive-Analytic Disposition From Written Responses, Kien Lim, Miguel Mendoza
Selected Works Temporary Series
Impulsive disposition refers to one’s proclivity to spontaneously proceed with an action that comes to mind without checking its relevance. Analytic disposition refers to one’s proclivity to analyze a problem situation and establishes a goal to guide one’s actions. An instrument, called the likelihood-to-act survey, was developed to measure students’ impulsive-analytic disposition. In this study, we sought to test and refine this instrument by analyzing 92 participants’ written responses to open-ended questions that were adapted from items in the likelihood-to-act survey. We found relatively strong correlations between participants’ disposition scores for written responses and those from the likelihood-to-act survey.
Continuing Discussion Of Mathematical Habits Of Mind, Annie Selden, Kien Lim
Continuing Discussion Of Mathematical Habits Of Mind, Annie Selden, Kien Lim
Selected Works Temporary Series
The idea of “mathematical habits of mind” has been introduced to emphasize the need to help students think about mathematics “the way mathematicians do.” There seems to be considerable interest among mathematics educators and mathematicians in helping students develop mathematical habits of mind. The objectives of this working group are: (a) to continue the discussion of various views and aspects of mathematical habits of mind begun at PME-NA 31, (b) to explore avenues for research, (c) to encourage research collaborations, and (d) to interest doctoral students in this topic. In the Proceedings of PME-NA 31, we provided an overview of …
Análisis De “Proyecto Mirlo”: Aprendiendo A Acoger Al “Desconocido”, Abigail Bissette
Análisis De “Proyecto Mirlo”: Aprendiendo A Acoger Al “Desconocido”, Abigail Bissette
Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection
During the fall and early winter of this year, I volunteered with a program called, “Proyecto Mirlo,” which is a small part of a larger organization, “Caritas,” whose focus is providing support to marginalized groups of people in Spanish society. Proyecto Mirlo is a subsection that provides free language classes for immigrants, as well as food and, in extreme cases, financial help. In my volunteer work, I taught basic Spanish classes to an eighteen-year-old immigrant from Senegal. As my student grew in his language proficiency, I grew in my teaching proficiency, especially on the discovery of teaching resources that I …
Teacher Professional Development Models: Inquiry Into Concurrent Versus Separate Technology And Pedagogical Knowledge And Use, Brooke Robertshaw, Jeffery Olsen, Andrew Walker
Teacher Professional Development Models: Inquiry Into Concurrent Versus Separate Technology And Pedagogical Knowledge And Use, Brooke Robertshaw, Jeffery Olsen, Andrew Walker
The Instructional Architect Research Group
Examining two iterations of a teacher professional development workshop series, a qualitative inquiry into the extent to which teacher espoused knowledge and in-use teacher knowledge was affected by teaching technology skills concurrently and separately with the problem-based learning model was examined. Using data collected from pre-post surveys and journals, a stratified purposeful selection of three participants from both workshop iterations were selected based on overall PBL and self-reported technology knowledge scores.
Inferring Impulsive-Analytic Disposition From Written Responses, Kien Lim, Miguel Mendoza
Inferring Impulsive-Analytic Disposition From Written Responses, Kien Lim, Miguel Mendoza
Departmental Papers (Math)
Impulsive disposition refers to one’s proclivity to spontaneously proceed with an action that comes to mind without checking its relevance. Analytic disposition refers to one’s proclivity to analyze a problem situation and establishes a goal to guide one’s actions. An instrument, called the likelihood-to-act survey, was developed to measure students’ impulsive-analytic disposition. In this study, we sought to test and refine this instrument by analyzing 92 participants’ written responses to open-ended questions that were adapted from items in the likelihood-to-act survey. We found relatively strong correlations between participants’ disposition scores for written responses and those from the likelihood-to-act survey.
Continuing Discussion Of Mathematical Habits Of Mind, Annie Selden, Kien Lim
Continuing Discussion Of Mathematical Habits Of Mind, Annie Selden, Kien Lim
Departmental Papers (Math)
The idea of “mathematical habits of mind” has been introduced to emphasize the need to help students think about mathematics “the way mathematicians do.” There seems to be considerable interest among mathematics educators and mathematicians in helping students develop mathematical habits of mind. The objectives of this working group are: (a) to continue the discussion of various views and aspects of mathematical habits of mind begun at PME-NA 31, (b) to explore avenues for research, (c) to encourage research collaborations, and (d) to interest doctoral students in this topic. In the Proceedings of PME-NA 31, we provided an overview of …
Table Of Contents - Fall 2010, Fort Hays State University College Of Education
Table Of Contents - Fall 2010, Fort Hays State University College Of Education
Academic Leadership: The Online Journal (2003-2012)
Academic Leadership Journal Fall 2010 table of contents
Problematic Conceptualizations: Allies In Teacher Education For Social Justice, Vonzell Agosto
Problematic Conceptualizations: Allies In Teacher Education For Social Justice, Vonzell Agosto
Educational Leadership and Policy Studies Faculty Publications
This review of the literature on the concept ally and ally identity development was inspired by a qualitative study exploring the identities and social justice values of prospective teachers of color. Although the participants in the original study never used the term ally, their narratives inspired me to characterize them as allies in the struggle for social justice education. However, a review of the literature on allies, as analyzed through critical race theory and critical discourse analysis, revealed emerging conceptualizations of ally as incongruent with minority identities as they position people of color at the periphery of this social justice …
Fall 2010 Ctl Newsletter, University Of Denver, Office Of Teaching And Learning
Fall 2010 Ctl Newsletter, University Of Denver, Office Of Teaching And Learning
Office of Teaching and Learning Newsletters
Fall 2010 Newsletter from the University of Denver, Center for Teaching and Learning. The newsletter highlights events, workshops, software updates, and resources for faculty.
Learning Reconsidered: Supporting The Preparatory Year Student Experience, Rania M Rafik Khalil
Learning Reconsidered: Supporting The Preparatory Year Student Experience, Rania M Rafik Khalil
English Language and Literature
Preparatory Year students are challenged by many aspects of their academic life as they make the transition from school to university. As a result, there has been growing emphasis on accountability for the quality of student life, teaching and learning. It has been observed that when faculty supported students’ efforts to meet high expectations, students rose to the challenge. The role of faculty staff is not simply to disseminate information but rather to create conditions that assist students to construct their own knowledge. Excellence in teaching and learning can only occur when both faculty and students are both actively engaged.
Leadership And The Professional Learning Community, Sandra L. Gaspar
Leadership And The Professional Learning Community, Sandra L. Gaspar
Department of Educational Administration: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
The purpose of this study was to describe the transformation of one small, rural school district’s professional development program. The study focused on the actions that school leaders took to replace a traditional, workshop-based program that was deemed ineffective with a new professional development model. The new model was designed to create professional learning communities by taking advantage of and further developing teacher leadership.
Within this mixed-methods case study, both survey data and interview data were collected. The study describes (a) internal and external factors that influenced the change, (b) selection and implementation of the model, (c) the cycle of …
Nefdc Exchange, Volume 21, Number 1, Fall 2010, New England Faculty Development Consortium
Nefdc Exchange, Volume 21, Number 1, Fall 2010, New England Faculty Development Consortium
New England Faculty Development Consortium Exchange
Contents
Message from the President - Tom Thibodeau, New England Institute of Technology
From the editors - Jeanne Albert, Donna Qualters, Naomi Migliacci, Gouri Banerjee, and Deborah Hirsch
Fall 2010 Conference; Friday, November 19, 2010, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States; theme: Better Teaching – Better Learning: Reflective Practices for Faculty and Students; keynote speaker: Dan Willingham, University of Virginia
An excerpt from, Why Don’t Students Like School? - Dan Willingham, University of Virginia
NEFDC Fall 2010 Conference Agenda
Connecting with others
The Benefits of Formal and Informal Reflective Practices - Art McGovern, Nichols College
Seven Ways …
“Grounded” Technology Integration: Instructional Planning Using Curriculum-Based Activity Type Taxonomies, Judith B. Harris, Mark J. Hofer, Denise A. Schmidt, Margaret R. Blanchard, Neal Grandgenett, Marcela Van Olphen
“Grounded” Technology Integration: Instructional Planning Using Curriculum-Based Activity Type Taxonomies, Judith B. Harris, Mark J. Hofer, Denise A. Schmidt, Margaret R. Blanchard, Neal Grandgenett, Marcela Van Olphen
Teacher Education Faculty Publications
Technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPCK or TPACK) – the highly practical professional educational knowledge that enables and supports technology integration – is comprised of teachers’ concurrent and interdependent knowledge of curriculum content, general pedagogy, and technological understanding. Teachers’ planning – which expresses teachers’ professional knowledge (including TPACK) in pragmatic ways -- is situated, contextually sensitive, routinized, and activity-based. To assist with technology integration, therefore, we suggest using what is understood from research about teachers’ knowledge and instructional planning to form an approach to curriculum-based technology integration that is predicated upon teachers combining technologically supported learning activity types selected from content-keyed …
Formative Feedback: Involving Students As Partners In Assessment To Enhance Learning, Jarene Fluckiger, Yvonne Tixier Y Vigil, Rebecca J. Pasco, Kathy Everts Danielson
Formative Feedback: Involving Students As Partners In Assessment To Enhance Learning, Jarene Fluckiger, Yvonne Tixier Y Vigil, Rebecca J. Pasco, Kathy Everts Danielson
Teacher Education Faculty Publications
Planning time for giving students effective feedback is an important and challenging aspect of the teaching and learning process. In our article we describe and analyze how we engage students as partners in providing formative feedback in time for students to modify their own thinking or behavior to improve learning. We have found ways to provide formative feedback more frequently and to involve students in providing effective formative feedback to each other. The four techniques we describe are the following: a) three-color group quiz with feedback on product, process, and progress; b) midterm student conferencing; c) shared revision of student …
Teacher Collaboration As Professional Development In A Large, Suburban High School, Marlie L. Williams
Teacher Collaboration As Professional Development In A Large, Suburban High School, Marlie L. Williams
College of Education and Human Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
This qualitative study explored the impact of teacher collaboration in a professional learning communities (PLC) school on teacher self-efficacy. Through the collection and analysis of personal interview data from 20 teachers in a large, suburban Midwestern high school, the impact of structured teacher collaboration was evaluated for its impact on changes in teachers’ instructional practices, their feelings of responsibility for student learning, positive adult interdependence, and changes in teacher self-efficacy. Experts in educational professional development identify the importance of sustained, collegial learning. This study explored the structure of one high school’s professional collaboration model, the measures in place for goal-setting, …
Contemporary Children’S Literature Recommendations For Working With Preadolescent Children Of Divorce, P. S. Mcmillen, Dale-Elizabeth Pehrsson
Contemporary Children’S Literature Recommendations For Working With Preadolescent Children Of Divorce, P. S. Mcmillen, Dale-Elizabeth Pehrsson
Library Faculty Research
Bibliotherapy, defined most basically, is helping with books (Hynes & Hynes-Berry, 1994). Derived from the Greek words meaning book and therapy, bibliotherapy goals fall usefully into two categories. Clinical bibliotherapy, using books to facilitate specified therapeutic goals with those experiencing significant emotional or behavioral problems, involves trained health and mental health professionals such as psychologists, counselors, psychiatric nurses, or social workers. Developmental bibliotherapy, using books to address situational, transitional, and normal developmental issues, can be implemented by others, like educators or librarians, who work in helping roles. Books provide solace, reassurance, and even escape; they also provide new ideas for …
A Demonstration Of ‘Regression Toward The Mean’, Edward B. Reeves
A Demonstration Of ‘Regression Toward The Mean’, Edward B. Reeves
Faculty Research at Morehead State University
This paper provides a brief discussion and demonstration of regression toward the mean, a subtle statistical artifact that appears in the effort to measure change. Regression toward the mean frequently arises in educational assessment when repeated testing is used to determine achievement growth among students or schools at the extremes of the achievement distribution. This statistical artifact is important because it can lead to erroneous inferences about what is causing the observed changes in test scores. The demonstration makes use of Kentucky Core Content Test data.
Gpls, Gla Introduce Continuing Education Webinar Series
Gpls, Gla Introduce Continuing Education Webinar Series
Georgia Library Quarterly
The article reports on the partnership between Georgia Public Library Service (GPLS) and Georgia Library Association's (GLA) Professional and Continuing Education Interest Group in offering the free bimonthly online Wednesday Webinar Series. The seminars will reportedly focus on Georgia library trends, innovation and best practices. It is stated that library staff from all types of Georgia libraries have been presenters and that participants from other states as well as other countries have joined the webinars.
Eun-Ok Baek Tssa Spring 2009, Erun-Ok Baek
Eun-Ok Baek Tssa Spring 2009, Erun-Ok Baek
Teaching Skills Study Awards (TSSA) Reports
Enhances faculty's teaching by attending a conference devoted to university teaching, a high-impact practice, evidence-based practice or a newly developing teaching practice.
Diverse Learners And Teacher Education: A Sociocultural Approach, Genevieve Harris
Diverse Learners And Teacher Education: A Sociocultural Approach, Genevieve Harris
2010 Projects
This project examines the PK-12 school system in the United States to see how and why the achievement gap between white, middle-class students and students of diverse background occurs. Based on other compiled research, it is generally understood that the cultural background of students and teachers is growing farther and farther apart. It is commonly observed in communities of color/poverty that there is usually a higher dropout rate and level of disengagement between the student and their education. This examination, in part, looks into whether or not teacher education programs are meeting the standards of modern college students and addresses …
David Baker Cd Summer 2010, David Baker
David Baker Cd Summer 2010, David Baker
Innovative Course Redesign Grant Reports
Supports faculty to redesign or develop a course in ways that implement high-impact, evidence-based, and/or innovative teaching strategies to improve student learning.
The Use Of Audience Response Systems In Nursing Education: Best Practice Guidelines, Nicole Mareno, Marie Bremner, Christie Emerson
The Use Of Audience Response Systems In Nursing Education: Best Practice Guidelines, Nicole Mareno, Marie Bremner, Christie Emerson
Faculty Articles
The use of Audience Response Systems (ARS) or 'clickers' as an active learning strategy in nursing education has been steadily on the rise. ARS technology allows the dynamic engagement of students in the classroom by providing immediate two-way communication between faculty and students. ARS can be used to explore knowledge and common misconceptions, act as a springboard for classroom discussions, and can be used for testing or evaluation. The aim of this paper is to present best practice guidelines for both novice and experienced ARS technology users. A summary of the state of the research in this area will be …
How Do First Graders Define A Family?, Kelly Ann Mcgrail
How Do First Graders Define A Family?, Kelly Ann Mcgrail
Theses and Dissertations
The goal of this study was to determine how first grade students define a family. Qualitative research was used as the methodology for this inquiry. The participants were thirteen first grade inclusion students in a school that is located in Southern New Jersey. An instructional unit depicting various family constellations was implemented along with authentic discussions, a student survey, an interactive bulletin board, a classroom library containing family books, and writing prompts contained in My Family Journal. The data collected and analyzed was from student discussion, the subjects' work, direct observation of pupils, the instructional unit, and a teacher research …
Student Motivation: The Impact Intrinsic Motivation And Extrinsic Rewards Have On Elementary Students, Renee Tybus
Student Motivation: The Impact Intrinsic Motivation And Extrinsic Rewards Have On Elementary Students, Renee Tybus
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this research study was to determine what happens when intrinsically motivating strategies and an extrinsic reward program are implemented in a fifth-grade inclusion classroom. The intrinsic strategies of enthusiasm, incorporating student choice into the lessons, and cooperative learning groups were used to help teach students during their literacy block. Additionally, an extrinsic reward program was put into effect once the three strategies had already been conducted. Qualitative inquiry strategies such as student motivation surveys, teacher observation checklists, focus group discussions, student written feedback, and observations recorded in my own teacher research journal, were all used to facilitate …
Glen Hirshberg Cd Spring 2009, Glen Hirshberg
Glen Hirshberg Cd Spring 2009, Glen Hirshberg
Innovative Course Redesign Grant Reports
Supports faculty to redesign or develop a course in ways that implement high-impact, evidence-based, and/or innovative teaching strategies to improve student learning.
Culturally Relevant Texts And Reading Assessment For English Language Learners, Ann E. Ebe
Culturally Relevant Texts And Reading Assessment For English Language Learners, Ann E. Ebe
Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts
This article reports on a study that explored the relationship between reading proficiency and cultural relevance of text for third-grade English Language Learners (ELLs). The author presents the Cultural Relevance Rubric that helps define and determine cultural relevance of texts. Participants used the rubric to rate the cultural relevance of two stories from a standardized assessment. While the two stories were identified as being the same reading level, the participants differed in their reading of each story. Reading accuracy scores for both stories suggest that the participants were within their instructional or independent reading levels. However, miscue analysis and retelling …
Insert Student Here: Why Content Area Constructions Of Literacy Matter For Pre-Service Teachers, Kristine Gritter
Insert Student Here: Why Content Area Constructions Of Literacy Matter For Pre-Service Teachers, Kristine Gritter
Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts
This article explores content area pre-service teacher beliefs about disciplinary knowledge, perceptions of effective content area teaching, and existing beliefs about how to integrate literacy into the content areas. Ten pre-service teachers across ten secondary content areas were asked to describe three important variables in secondary teaching: 1) the knowledge of their content area, 2) characteristics of a successful content area teacher, and 3) literacy activities that would optimally convey disciplinary knowledge to students. Content area responses to the first two prompts yielded comparatively static, teacher-centered notions of knowledge and teaching. However, responses to the third prompt indicated at least …
The Effect Of Props On Story Retells In The Classroom, Marie A. Stadler, Gay Cuming Ward
The Effect Of Props On Story Retells In The Classroom, Marie A. Stadler, Gay Cuming Ward
Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of props on children’s narrative retells. Forty-two children in two comparable K/1 classrooms heard and practiced the same stories over eight weeks. This study found that the props had a positive effect on the children’s use of descriptive language, but there was no effect on the number of story grammar elements or cohesive devices used, nor for the length and complexity of the stories. Results support a balanced literacy program where children practice retelling stories with and without props.