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Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

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Articles 151 - 180 of 193

Full-Text Articles in Teacher Education and Professional Development

Action Research To Study Classroom Impact: Is It Possible?, Anjum Halai Jan 2004

Action Research To Study Classroom Impact: Is It Possible?, Anjum Halai

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

In recent years, a discourse is emerging in education that emphasises the study of the impact of in-service teacher education on student outcomes (more often than not student outcomes are seen in the form of test scores of academic achievement). Implicit in this discourse is the view that the impact of in-service teacher education is directly observable on students' outcomes, suggesting that the variables in a school or classroom are connected in some kind of a causal link. However, it is problematic to view variables in a social setting such as a school or a classroom as being in causal …

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Research Ethics: Significance, Application And Obligation To The Practice Of Research, Nilofar Vazir Jan 2004

Research Ethics: Significance, Application And Obligation To The Practice Of Research, Nilofar Vazir

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

The following article draws upon literature to define the term "ethics" and its application to the practice of educational research. It reflects on ethical obligations that a researcher can take on generally and more particularly for research study specifically on children.

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Munazza’S Story: Shedding Light On A Science Teacher’S Conceptions Of The Nature Of Science Through A Life History Study, Nelofer Halai, Derek Hodson Jan 2004

Munazza’S Story: Shedding Light On A Science Teacher’S Conceptions Of The Nature Of Science Through A Life History Study, Nelofer Halai, Derek Hodson

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

Life history research creates a broader understanding of teaching by providing illustration of the relationships among various aspects of teachers’ lives and their teaching practice, both inside and beyond the classroom. This article focuses on the life history of Munazza, a young science teacher at the Karachi Model Secondary School (KMSS), a private, co‐educational, English‐medium school for children from middle‐income families. Its purpose is to gain insight into a female science teacher's understanding of teaching science in a school in Pakistan, ascertain what aspects of this science teacher's conceptions of the nature of science are explicit in her practice, and …

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Improving Practices In Early Childhood Classroom In Pakistan: Issues And Challenges From Field, Audrey Juma Jan 2004

Improving Practices In Early Childhood Classroom In Pakistan: Issues And Challenges From Field, Audrey Juma

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

This article focuses on an early childhood programme that has been initiated by the Institute for Educational Development at the Aga Khan University in Karachi, Pakistan. The programme is a Certificate in Education and involves training teachers so as to enable them to understand early childhood education and development, and to become effective practitioners in their classrooms. The early childhood education and development programme is a field-based programme of six months’ duration, where the emphasis is on supporting and mentoring course participants as they implement the High/Scope approach in their classrooms and engage children in active learning. The article outlines …

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Leadership And Management - Are They Alike?, Sajid Ali Jan 2004

Leadership And Management - Are They Alike?, Sajid Ali

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

This paper tries to distinguish between the leadership and management constructs to clarify the confusion caused by the loose usage of the terms in popular language. The two concepts should be understood as distinct for theoretical clarifications but not to argue for any hierarchical relationship. The paper tries to define both management and leadership, and then describes several ways the leadership construct is presented in the literature followed by a resolution of leadership definitions. Finally, the paper shares four criteria to distinguish between the leadership and the management functions. The paper concludes by arguing that leadership should be seen as …

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Increasing The Angle Of Educational Reform In Pakistan: Through Professional Development, Nilofar Vazir, Alan Wheeler Jan 2004

Increasing The Angle Of Educational Reform In Pakistan: Through Professional Development, Nilofar Vazir, Alan Wheeler

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

This paper documents the development of a “grassroots” teacher professional development model from Pakistan and region designed around three critical aspects: (a) the impact on classroom teaching and learning, (b) the provision for capacity building, and (c) a mechanism for ongoing support and sustainability. The development and evolution of the innovation is presented in terms of three stages designed to increase the angle of educational reform through total school improvement. The implications of the model as a promising prototype are discussed in relation to the wider professional development needs of teachers in the developing world.

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Science Teacher Education And The Nature Of Science: A Voice From Pakistan, Nelofer Halai Jun 2003

Science Teacher Education And The Nature Of Science: A Voice From Pakistan, Nelofer Halai

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

The purpose of this paper is to advocate that tenchcrs be encouraged nnd helped to develop an overt and deaf epistemological understanding of the methods and structure of science, i.e., the nature of science (NOS). I have tried to define the concepts that constitute NOS essential for school science. I also want to highlight some of the challenges faced in attempts to introduce NOS in inservice teacher education in Pakistan.

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Prospects And Challenges Of School Leadership In Pakistan, Muhammad Memon May 2003

Prospects And Challenges Of School Leadership In Pakistan, Muhammad Memon

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

No abstract provided.

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Working With Teachers: Practical Suggestion Stimulates Teacher’S Self-Reflection, Harcharan Pardhan Apr 2003

Working With Teachers: Practical Suggestion Stimulates Teacher’S Self-Reflection, Harcharan Pardhan

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

No abstract provided.

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School Leadership In Pakistan: Exploring The Headteacher’S Role, Tim Simkins, Charles Sisum, Muhammad Memon Jan 2003

School Leadership In Pakistan: Exploring The Headteacher’S Role, Tim Simkins, Charles Sisum, Muhammad Memon

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

There is a good deal of consensus in the literature about the key role of leadership – especially that of the headteacher – in facilitating school improvement. Yet much of the research in this area has taken place in Western industrialised countries. This article explores the issue of headship in the context of schools in a specific developing country context, that of Pakistan. Drawing on 2 studies of the experience of headteachers in Karachi, the article identifies and explores the key variables that may contribute to a sense of personal efficacy for these heads, namely the expectations generated by the …

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The Impact Of A Professional Development Program: Case Study From Pakistan, John Retallick, Shahzad Mithani Jan 2003

The Impact Of A Professional Development Program: Case Study From Pakistan, John Retallick, Shahzad Mithani

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

In the context of a developing country with enormous problems in the quality of school education for the majority of children, this article seeks to reveal some insights into the impact of one teacher development program in two schools. The Advanced Diploma in School Management (ADISM) program was conducted by the Aga Khan University, Institute for Educational Development in Karachi, Pakistan, where there is increasing interest in studying the impact of all programs. An action research method was employed to develop case studies of two program graduates as they sought to bring change to their schools based on strategies of …

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Curriculum As Practiced In Pakistan, Nilofar Vazir Jan 2003

Curriculum As Practiced In Pakistan, Nilofar Vazir

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

From 1995 to 1999, as a teacher educator in Pakistan teaching on professional development programs, my colleagues and I were able to address some needs and interests of primary school teachers. After obtaining a degree in teacher education I was better equipped with the skills required for designing, implementing, and evaluating the curriculum. I also gained further insight into teaching and learning through the fieldbased component. A "need analysis" determined teacher selection for our field component, with the overarching principle being to select teachers who considered change to be relevant. Other selection criteria included teachers who were willing to bring …

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Shi‘A Ismaili Tradition In Central Asia: Evolution, Continuities And Changes, Sarfaroz Niyozov Jan 2003

Shi‘A Ismaili Tradition In Central Asia: Evolution, Continuities And Changes, Sarfaroz Niyozov

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

No abstract provided.

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Science Teacher Education: A Wonderful Journey Around The World, Nelofer Halai Jan 2002

Science Teacher Education: A Wonderful Journey Around The World, Nelofer Halai

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

No abstract provided.

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Promoting Curiosity Through Students’ Questioning, Harcharan Pardhan, Sadia Muzaffar Bhutta Oct 2001

Promoting Curiosity Through Students’ Questioning, Harcharan Pardhan, Sadia Muzaffar Bhutta

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

Asking questions is central to intellectual effort; it is instrumental in bridging the gap between the known and the unknown. Questioning existed even before the time of Greek philosopher Socrates and still prevails in classrooms. Questioning is a major teaching and learning strategy for teachers in Pakistan. Unfortunately, teachers’ questioning overrules students’ questioning, leaving neither space nor time to create an interactive environment that promotes curiosity and meaningful learning. Using an innovative approach, we attempted to implement students’ questioning in an upper primary science classroom. The encouraging findings of our study and their implications are discussed in this article.

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Knowing About Headteachers As Effective Leaders, Muhammad Memon Mar 2001

Knowing About Headteachers As Effective Leaders, Muhammad Memon

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

No abstract provided.

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Bridging The North-South Divide In Teacher Education, Alan E. Wheeler Jan 2001

Bridging The North-South Divide In Teacher Education, Alan E. Wheeler

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

No abstract provided.

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Taking “Stock” Of Pedagogical Content Knowledge In Science Education, Harcharan Pardhan, Alan Wheeler Dec 2000

Taking “Stock” Of Pedagogical Content Knowledge In Science Education, Harcharan Pardhan, Alan Wheeler

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

This article focuses on efforts of facilitate the development of MEd science students' conceptual understanding of content, pedagogy and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). A basic premise of the approach taken was that to teach conceptually, students must learn conceptually. A four-step conceptual process was followed with the participants to help them actively construct knowledge about fundamental science concepts and enhance their confidence and enthusiasm for science teaching. Equivalent forms of an assessment instrument entitled the Science Test of Content Knowledge (STOCK), used as per- and post-performance measures, revealed a significant difference. The article describes the structured activities built into the …

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Understanding The Headteachers’ Role In Pakistan: Emerging Role Demands, Constraints And Choices, Muhammad Memon, Rana Nazir Ali, Tim Simkins, Viv Garret Jan 2000

Understanding The Headteachers’ Role In Pakistan: Emerging Role Demands, Constraints And Choices, Muhammad Memon, Rana Nazir Ali, Tim Simkins, Viv Garret

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

Little effort is made to study the role of headteachers in the eastern context, including Pakistan. This paper is based on the study conducted in the government and non-government schools in Pakistan in order to understand headteachers ' role in terms of the emerging demands, constraints and choices. The study suggests that the government school headteachers seem to be less proactive and more interested in maintaining status quo because of the influence of the 'topdown management model'. The study also suggests that the government headteachers have limited choices and many constraints because of the influence of the bureaucratic system. Their …

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The Impact Of School Reform On Teacher Professionalism Lessons From Case Studies To Inform Future Professional Development Initiatives, Meher Rizvi Jan 2000

The Impact Of School Reform On Teacher Professionalism Lessons From Case Studies To Inform Future Professional Development Initiatives, Meher Rizvi

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

This paper will outline a number of issues faced by Government Primary Schools in Pakistan. Specifically, it will identify a research agenda that needs to be addressed if these schools are to progress. Pakistan's educational system is faced with many problems and dilemmas and each dilemma justifies a reason, but perhaps no problem is as grave as the low quality, the poor morale and the dejected professional status of the teachers. I say that because I believe that schools are only as good as their teachers, regardless of how high their standards, how up-to-date their technology, or how innovative their …

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The Nairobi Model: A Focus On Primary Science Classroom Practice, Harcharan Pardhan, Alan E. Wheeler Sep 1999

The Nairobi Model: A Focus On Primary Science Classroom Practice, Harcharan Pardhan, Alan E. Wheeler

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

This (school based approach) complements the other advantage which comes with school-based teacher education: the opportunity to take stock of a learner-teacher’s needs, and, over an extended period, to cater for these needs, to monitor the ways they develop, and toe respond to these developments.

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Developing A Vibrant Model For Improving The Quality Of Elementary Education In Pakistan, Muhammad Memon Jan 1999

Developing A Vibrant Model For Improving The Quality Of Elementary Education In Pakistan, Muhammad Memon

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

The public education system of Pakistan mostly offers children a prescriptive catalogue of knowledge what Freire (1972) calls it a 'banking concept' in education. Hawes and Stephens (1990) argue that today's schools and children are invariably the victim of yesterday's system. During the last three decades, the quality of education has become a serious concern among the policy makers and donor agencies. In general terms, quality is defined in term of efficiency in achieving the desired students learning outcomes predetermined in the policies. In Pakistan, three types of education reforms namely efficiency; quality; curricularbased (Riddell, 1998) were launched but these …

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The Professional Development Of Educational Managers In Sindh: Some Personal And Participants’ Reflections, Muhammad Memon Jan 1999

The Professional Development Of Educational Managers In Sindh: Some Personal And Participants’ Reflections, Muhammad Memon

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

No abstract provided.

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Reconceptualizing The Role Of Headteachers As Pedagogical Leaders In Pakistan: Implications For Policy Reforms, Muhammad Memon Jan 1999

Reconceptualizing The Role Of Headteachers As Pedagogical Leaders In Pakistan: Implications For Policy Reforms, Muhammad Memon

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

Since its independence, Pakistan has launched a series of education reforms, which are either related to curriculum development or teacher education, but no effort has yet been made to address the issues relating to recognition of headteachers' role within the framework of educational management development (Memon, et aI. 1999). However currently the government of Pakistan seems to be cognizant of the importance of professional development of headteachers and others who are responsible for improving the quality of education in schools (Government of Pakistan, 1998). Literature in the area of educational management suggests that schools cannot function effectively without the dynamic …

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In Search Of An Effective School Leadership: Some Lessons From Literature, Muhammad Memon Jan 1999

In Search Of An Effective School Leadership: Some Lessons From Literature, Muhammad Memon

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

No abstract provided.

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A Personal Reflection On The Curriculum Development Process In Pakistan, Muhammad Memon Jan 1999

A Personal Reflection On The Curriculum Development Process In Pakistan, Muhammad Memon

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

No abstract provided.

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Headteachers As School Leaders In Pakistan, Muhammad Memon, Fauzia Reza Nov 1998

Headteachers As School Leaders In Pakistan, Muhammad Memon, Fauzia Reza

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

No abstract provided.

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Reflection On School Visit, Qamar Safdar Nov 1998

Reflection On School Visit, Qamar Safdar

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

No abstract provided.

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Promoting Science Teacher Education Through Dissonance And Discrepancy, Nelofer Halai, Alan E. Wheeler Apr 1998

Promoting Science Teacher Education Through Dissonance And Discrepancy, Nelofer Halai, Alan E. Wheeler

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

While inquiry in science teaching has found a great deal of acceptance (Colletet and Chiapetta, 1989), there is a growing recognition that educators need a wider repertoire of inquiry strategies applicable to various situations. One promising approach is through the use of so-called ‘dissonant’ or ‘discrepant events’. This concept of discrepancy can be traced to the early work of Festinger (1975) and his Theory of Cognitive Dissonance in which he stated that the creation of dissonance is psychologically very uncomfortable and motivates individuals to actively reduce the level of dissonance and thereby return to a state of greater equilibrium or …

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Retail/Wholesale Trade Employment Directly Related To Population Change In The Nonmetro Great Plains, Adamchak J. Donald, Bloomquist E. Leonard, Bausman Kent, Qureshi Rashida Jan 1998

Retail/Wholesale Trade Employment Directly Related To Population Change In The Nonmetro Great Plains, Adamchak J. Donald, Bloomquist E. Leonard, Bausman Kent, Qureshi Rashida

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

During 1950-90, the nonmetro civilian labor force declined except during the 1970’s. In the 1970’s, nonmetro manufacturing increased substantially, and the baby boom generation entered the labor force. By contrast, the retail/wholesale labor force increased in every decade except for the 1980’s. Several factors could have contributed to the decline in the retail/wholesale labor force, including population decline and the effects of large retail establishments.

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