Student Counseling and Personnel Services Commons^™

Assessment Perception: Delivery Matters, Nicole Marie Arcuri Sanders, Chelsey Simmons

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Perception shapes how individuals experience the world and guides their actions toward personal goals. In counseling, clients’ accurate understanding of assessment results is essential for informed decision-making and effective treatment engagement. Mental health clinicians have an ethical responsibility to communicate findings in ways that safeguard client welfare and empower both clients and stakeholders to collaborate in care. This conceptual manuscript introduces the BRIEF (Brief, Relevant, Interpretive, Empathetic, and Factual) Feedback Integration Framework, a structured model for delivering assessment feedback ethically and accessibly. Integrating cognitive, developmental, and cultural considerations. BRIEF provides counselors, supervisors, and educators with a practical strategy for improving …

Competencies And Preparation For Addressing Poverty In Counselor Education: A Q Methodological Study, Seneka Rachel Gainer

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

This study explored the competencies needed to prepare counselors to address the systemic and relational impacts of poverty within counselor education. Using Q methodology, expert participants identified critical knowledge, skills, and awareness factors required for effective practice. Two distinct factors emerged: (1) the centrality of relational competencies such as empathy, cultural humility, and trust-building, and (2) the necessity for curriculum-wide integration of poverty-specific training and systemic advocacy. Findings highlight the need for counselor education programs to embed poverty-related competencies across curricula, foster interdisciplinary collaboration, and develop experiential and advocacy-based training models. Implications for counselor education, accreditation standards, and professional development …

Counselors’ Experiences Of The Alliance In Videoconference Supervision: The Role Of Nonverbals, John E. Trenery, Azra Karajic Siwiec, Randall L. Astramovich

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

The role of nonverbal immediacy and intimacy in shaping the supervisory alliance during videoconference-based clinical supervision is understudied. Using a generic qualitative research design, data were collected from 15 practicing counselors through semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis identified six primary themes, highlighting both the perceived barriers and the essential role of nonverbal cues, as well as the need for amplified behaviors in video-based interactions. The findings point to significant gaps in telesupervision training and introduce a novel framework to strengthen telepresence in videoconference supervision. This study offers actionable insight for educational institutions and governing bodies, emphasizing the importance of targeted curricula …

Dismantling Racism In The Classroom: Recommendations For White Male Counselor Educators, Jason L. Vannest, Rebecca J. Vannest, Lorise D. Grey

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

In response to the historical tradition of Eurocentrism and Whiteness in counseling programs in the United States, the American Counseling Association (ACA) and the Association for Counselor Education and Supervision (ACES) have challenged their members to confront implicit bias, become allies with Black Indigenous People of Color (BIPOC), and commit to challenging racism and implicit bias. Despite these robust calls to disrupt racism and implicit bias, counselor educators - specifically White male counselor educators (WMCEs) - may wonder how to effectively take action due to their own racial identity. Several factors may contribute to WMCEs' reticence to deconstruct racism and …

Utilizing Artificial Intelligence Therapeutic Adjuncts To Support Autistic Adults Between Counseling Sessions, Carlos J. Castaneda Jr, Nicole Noble, Afroze N. Shaikh

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into mental health care presents innovative opportunities for therapeutic interventions. This pilot study examined the use of a customized Artificial Intelligence Therapeutic Adjunct (AITA) as a supplementary counseling tool for adults with level one autism spectrum disorder who attended weekly counseling sessions. Using a Single Subject Design to review trends in mental health symptoms and perceptions of the AITA, participants engaged with the AITA over four weeks, completed weekly anxiety and depression assessments, and post-intervention and satisfaction surveys. Thematic Analysis identified common counseling concerns and the AITA’s use of counseling techniques. Although findings suggest …

Recommendations For Telesupervision: Promoting Ethical, Legal, And Effective University And Clinical Supervision Using Technology, Madeleine M. Stevens, Yegan Pillay, Edisa Music, Elena Shahen

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

The expansion of the use of technology in counseling has implicated counseling professionals in considering how to legally and ethically incorporate it into all facets of practice, including university and clinical supervision settings. In this article, we provide scholarship-backed recommendations for doing so as well as provide suggestions for incorporating psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral (CBT) supervision models into telesupervision.

The Argument For Clinical Supervision For Early Career School Counselors, Sarah Evans Zalewski, Maiko Xiong, Robert Gilbert

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Early career school counselors need support to navigate their professional development as novice counselors, manage programmatic duties, high caseloads, and the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health needs of children and youth. Given that school settings are often the first point of entry for mental health services for children and youth, clinical supervision is necessary. Clinical supervision promotes ethical practice, supports the professional growth of early career school counselors, and guards against burnout. This article (a) describes the development needs of early career school counselors and (b) provides recommendations for establishing clinical supervision for early career school …

Using Fink’S Taxonomy In Counseling Practicum And Internship Courses, Kailey Bradley, Emily Horton Phd

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Fink’s Learning Taxonomy expanded upon Bloom’s Learning Taxonomy to provide concrete suggestions on development of significant learning experiences. Limited research exists on implementation of Fink’s learning Taxonomy in counselor education curriculum. As such, this conceptual article illuminates how the integration of Fink’s Learning Taxonomy could be used by educators to develop significant learning experiences within counseling internship and practicum courses.

Burnout, Self-Care, And Supervision In Middle School Counselors, Sarah L. Evans Zalewski

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

This study examines middle school counselor supervision types in relation to burnout and self-care scores. The impact of supervision via technology on self-care and burnout scores was considered. This study found that school counselors who received both administrative and clinical supervision fared better on the incompetence domain of burnout, that self-care was inversely proportional to burnout, and that receiving supervision via technological means had no impact on either burnout or self-care.

The Experiences Of Counselors-In-Training In A School-Based Counseling Practicum, Christopher T. Belser, Naomi J. Wheeler, Samuel L. Bierbrauer, Coralis S. Solomon, Shaywanna Harris, A Elizabeth Crunk, Glenn W. Lambie

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Counselor education programs often must choose between providing in vivo faculty supervision or a community-based setting. Programs that combine both elements have shown positive preliminary findings related to counselor development; however, the in-depth experiences of students in such programs have not been explored. This phenomenological study examined the lived experiences of counselors-in-training who participated in a school-based counseling practicum with in vivo faculty supervision. Researchers identified six themes, including continuum of support within relationships, operational challenges and concerns, needs and challenges of the community, working with children, expectations and realities, and counselor identity development. Implications for counselor education and research …

School Counselors-In-Training Career Counseling Preparation Assignment, Carleton H. Brown

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Career counseling is an important skill to attain in training to become a school counselor; however, research has shown that school counselors-in-training need more preparation in terms of career counseling. The author describes an optional career counseling assignment added to a 300-hour school-counseling practicum course provided to 14 students in a southern region university school counseling program. Ten students chose to participate in the assignment and provided pre and post feedback of their experience. Student feedback and practical implications are discussed.

Shaping Supervisory Working Alliance From A Distance, Tawny Chamberlain, Carol Smith

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

As technology advances, more counselor education programs are implementing options for students to complete clinical experiences at a distance from campus which requires distant supervision. Although distance supervision has the benefit of flexibility, it also has challenges such as building rapport and establishing effective communication. Supervisors would benefit from understanding the influence of delivery method on supervisory working alliance in order to monitor supervisee growth and development.This article explores the influence of supervision delivery method on supervisory working alliance. Recommendations for future research and counselor education supervisory practice are provided.

Trust Development In The Supervisory Working Alliance, Morgan E Kiper Riechel, Wesley Webber, Ki B. Chae, Pamela Jo Kayanan, Deneen Miller, Derek Robertson

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

This qualitative study examined the development of trust in the supervisory relationship between doctoral-level student supervisors and masters-level students. Using phenomenological research methodology to analyze data obtained from 10 interviews with masters-level practicum students, six themes emerged: (1) Focus, (2) Investment, (3) Safety, (4) Honesty, (5) Expertise, and (6) Evaluation.

Cognitive Complexity In Counseling And Counselor Education: A Systematic And Critical Review, Jaime H. Castillo

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Cognitive complexity has found a small yet established niche in the counseling and counselor education literature over the last 40 years. This body of research has highlighted how individuals with high cognitive complexity have greater consistency in empathy, show more varied responses to clients, demonstrate greater toleration of ambiguity, and show higher frequencies of unbiased clinical judgements towards clients. This article provides a systematic and critical review of the cognitive complexity literature and discusses future implications of cultivating cognitive complexity in emerging and professional counselors and supervisors.

Remedial Interventions Used With Students Enrolled In Counseling Graduate Programs, Kathryn L. Henderson, Roxane L. Dufrene

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

An exploratory qualitative content analysis was completed on documentation submitted from 12 CACREP counseling programs regarding student remediation. The analysis focused on remedial interventions used with students that resulted in four main themes and eight subthemes: (a) personal counseling; (b) courses (subthemes: clinical courses, related to clinical courses, and didactic courses); (c) assignments (subthemes: workshops, readings, and written assignments); and (d) remediation procedures (subthemes: meetings with faculty, and status in program).

A Journey Toward Feminist Supervision: A Dual Autoethnographic Inquiry, Melissa J. Fickling, Jodi L. Tangen

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

The purpose of this study was to explore our development as new supervisors learning to apply feminist supervision principles. Autoethnography was used to analyze author histories and learning processes over the course of one academic semester. Using personal narratives and critical reflections, we investigated our work of supervising beginning-level supervisees from a feminist perspective, and embodying our developing feminist supervisor skills and identities. Our inquiry was informed by our encounters with supervisees, supervisors, and each other. Basic definitions of supervision and feminist supervision frame the study, and results are shared in light of current research and theory.

Student Perceptions Of Online Video Cases To Promote Helping Skills Training, Chris Mccarthy, Karen French

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Video case based learning was integrated with multimodal online learning to facilitate helping skills training for graduate students. Five online cases were utilized before students participated in classroom-based role-plays and live practice. Students’ reactions to the activity were positive, and recommendations for counselor training are described.

Social Class Bias: A Phenomenological Study, Jennifer M. Cook

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Nine licensed professional counselors participated in semi-structured interviews about social class and socioeconomic status, including their experiences with classism. Phenomenological analysis revealed both participant classism experiences and use of language that expressed social class bias. Implications and recommendations for future research for counselor educators and supervisors are provided.

When Values Blur The Lines: Navigating An Ethical Dilemma In School Counseling, Sarah I. Springer

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

School counselors regularly face ethical dilemmas that surround child protection and the navigation of home and school communication. Many of these issues are impacted by the school counselors’ abilities to acknowledge their own personal values while balancing ethical obligations and administrative boundaries. The following case highlights an untenured school counselor’s inner thought processes as she manages an ethical dilemma involving allegations of child abuse. This article discusses ethical decision-making and recommends advocacy for further discussion in counselor preparation programs around clinical supervision and consultation.

Introduction To The Special Issue On School Counselor Preparation And Supervision, Michael D. Hannon, Cassandra (Cassie) Storlie

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

No abstract provided.

Differences In Perceptions Of Supervisee Contribution: Supervisors’ Vs. Supervisees’ Evaluations, Marcella D. Stark, Kelly Greggerson

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Supervisees’ behaviors contribute to or detract from effective supervision. The purpose of this study was to compare supervisors’ evaluations of supervisee contribution behaviors with that of supervisees’ self-assessments using the Adapted Supervisee Utilization Rating Form (SURF). Statistically significant differences in the ratings indicate that supervisors perceive their supervisees as more proactive and open than supervisees perceive themselves. To create a milieu in which supervisees feel safe enough to share their work with supervisors and encourage supervisees to take initiative in their own learning, the researchers make the following recommendations: (1) following ACES best practices for monitoring and assessing supervisees, (2) …

Rape Myth Acceptance: Implications For Counselor Education Programs, Kristin D. Kushmider, Jennifer E. Beebe, Linda L. Black

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Abstract

A sexually violent act or rape is committed every 1.9 minutes in the United States (USDJ, 2009, p.1). Blaming the rape victim for their perceived complicity is one component of the construct known as rape myth, a term identified by Burt (1980). This study explored and examined the perceptions, and understanding of sexual violence, rape, and rape myths by master’s level counselors-in-training (n=5). Phenomenology and naturalistic inquiry guided the qualitative design and implementation. Suggestions for implementing rape education and training into counseling curriculums and clinical supervision are provided.

Keywords: rape myth, counselors-in-training, phenomenology

Lessons From Triadic Supervisors: Maximizing Effectiveness, Andrew Felton, Michael Morgan, Mary Alice Bruce

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Through this hermeneutic-phenomenological qualitative study, 10 supervisors of a CACREP accredited program identified emergent themes and challenges of triadic supervision: relationship dynamics, feedback, time management, contextual learning, and matching of supervisees. The researchers offer specific methods to approach these challenges within triadic supervision to maximize effectiveness.

Developmental Level As A Predictor Of Counseling Skills, Margaret J. Jensen, Garrett J. Mcauliffe, Renee Seay

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

What is the relationship between the developmental characteristics of counseling interns and their counseling skills? Thirty master’s-level counseling students in their fieldwork phase were rated by their supervisors on both a measure of developmental level and counseling skills. Results indicated that the construct of Self/Other Awareness was the strongest predictor of counseling skills level. Based on this finding, it can be concluded that counselor supervisees possessing this awareness appear better equipped to deal with the complex problem-solving and social interactions required for successfully counseling clients.

Relationship Between Psychological Well-Being And Perceived Wellness In Online Graduate Counselor Education Students, Wendy Merryman, Magy Martin, Don Martin

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Counselor well-being is an important contributor to the effectiveness of the therapeutic relationship. This study examined the relationship between psychological well-being and perceived wellness in a sample (N = 100) of graduate students enrolled in two online counselor training programs. The issue of personal counseling was also addressed in this study. Multiple regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between psychological well-being and perceived wellness.

The Journal Of Counselor Preparation And Supervision Volume 6 Issue 2 Fall 2014, Edina Renfro-Michel

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

No abstract provided.

Students' Experiences With Bilingual Counseling, Heather Trepal, Nathaniel Ivers, Anna Lopez

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Multilingual diversity is increasing in the United States. In response, more counselors are providing bilingual counseling services. However, little is known about their experiences. This qualitative, phenomenological study examined six mental health counseling students' experiences with providing counseling services in a second language. Analyses revealed that, although unintentional, these students found their experience with bilingual counseling both challenging and connecting. Implications for counselor educators and supervisors are discussed.

Reasons For Ethical Misconduct Of Counseling Students: What Do Faculty Think?, David Burkholder, Jessica Burkholder

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

The ethics training of students in the helping professions has been a frequent topic in the literature, yet students still commit ethics violations (Li, Lampe, Trusty, & Lin, 2009). No known research has examined the attributions faculty give for student ethics violations. This qualitative study used a conceptual framework of attribution theory and explored faculty attributions of counseling master’s students’ ethical misconduct. Emergent themes were grouped across two broad domains, attribution themes and prevention themes. Attribution themes include: (a) the person, (b) educational factors, and (d) performance. Prevention themes include (a) education and training, (b) gatekeeping and screening, (c) monitoring, …

Preplanning For Feedback In Clinical Supervision: Enhancing Readiness For Feedback Exchange, Diana Hulse, Tracey Robert

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

This article makes the case for preplanning for feedback in clinical supervision. Preplanning for feedback can help supervisors maximize the positive benefits of feedback delivery by building and solidifying a supportive supervisory climate that enhances supervisee receptivity to corrective feedback. The Corrective Feedback Instrument-Revised (CFI-R) is introduced as a major tool to facilitate preplanning. Additional resources that derive from the CFI-R are presented to assist supervisors in the preplanning process.

Integrating Continuous Client Feedback Into Counselor Education, Christopher D. Schmidt

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Researchers show that the integration of continuous client feedback mechanisms provides many benefits to treatment including enhanced effectiveness and a reduction in early terminations. Although practitioners in the field are increasing their use of this evidence-based practice, counselor educators may not be promoting it. The author suggests that as counselor educators introduce evidence-based practices to their students, they should examine the potential benefits of teaching and practicing continuous client feedback. The article provides both the reasoning behind and recommendations for integrating continuous client feedback into the curriculum of counseling programs