Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Online and Distance Education Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Institution
-
- Illinois State University (139)
- Kennesaw State University (19)
- Nova Southeastern University (9)
- Old Dominion University (9)
- City University of New York (CUNY) (3)
-
- DePaul University (3)
- Texas Southern University (3)
- Walden University (3)
- Ateneo de Manila University (2)
- California State University, San Bernardino (2)
- East Tennessee State University (2)
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (2)
- Franklin University (2)
- Georgia Southern University (2)
- Illinois Math and Science Academy (2)
- Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School (2)
- Portland State University (2)
- Purdue University (2)
- SUNY Buffalo State University (2)
- Stephen F. Austin State University (2)
- University at Albany, State University of New York (2)
- University of Massachusetts Boston (2)
- University of Nebraska - Lincoln (2)
- University of Nebraska at Kearney (2)
- University of Nebraska at Omaha (2)
- University of Texas at Tyler (2)
- University of the Incarnate Word (2)
- Valparaiso University (2)
- Western Kentucky University (2)
- Air Force Institute of Technology (1)
- Keyword
-
- SIEC Historical Documents (81)
- Editorial Board (13)
- Online learning (9)
- Academic disciplines (6)
- Athletics (6)
-
- Curriculum (6)
- Graduate studies (6)
- Graduation (6)
- Higher education (6)
- Pedagogy (6)
- Undergraduate studies (6)
- Business education (5)
- COVID-19 (5)
- Experiential learning (5)
- Artificial intelligence (4)
- Communication (4)
- Leadership (4)
- Online (4)
- Online education (4)
- Online teaching (4)
- Technology (4)
- Academic integrity (3)
- Assessment (3)
- Covid-19 (3)
- Creativity (3)
- Cybersecurity (3)
- Distance education (3)
- Distance learning (3)
- Education (3)
- Educational technology (3)
- Publication Year
- Publication
-
- International Journal for Business Education (138)
- The African Journal of Information Systems (7)
- The Cluster Connection (6)
- Atlantic Marketing Journal (4)
- Journal of Cybersecurity Education, Research and Practice (3)
-
- The Qualitative Report (3)
- African Conference on Information Systems and Technology (2)
- Atlantic Marketing Association Proceedings (2)
- Business Faculty Publications (2)
- Creativity and Change Leadership Graduate Student Master's Projects (2)
- Cybersecurity Undergraduate Research Showcase (2)
- Dissertations (2)
- Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects (2)
- Human Resource Development Theses and Dissertations (2)
- ICHRIE Research Reports (2)
- Instructional Design Capstones Collection (2)
- Jesuit Higher Education: A Journal (2)
- Mountain Plains Journal of Business and Technology (2)
- Publications & Research (2)
- Southwestern Business Administration Journal (2)
- The Journal of Values-Based Leadership (2)
- Theses & Dissertations (2)
- Theses and Dissertations (2)
- University Libraries Faculty Scholarship (2)
- AMTP Proceedings 2024 (1)
- Adventist Online Learning Conference / Conferencia de Aprendizaje en Línea (1)
- All Faculty Scholarship for the College of Business (1)
- All Faculty and Staff Scholarship (1)
- Australian Journal of Teacher Education (1)
- Board of Regents Documents (1)
- Publication Type
- File Type
Articles 61 - 90 of 267
Full-Text Articles in Online and Distance Education
How Are Senior Citizens Capable To Cope With The World Of Digital Natives?, Hely Westerholm, Pirjo Takanen-Körperich
How Are Senior Citizens Capable To Cope With The World Of Digital Natives?, Hely Westerholm, Pirjo Takanen-Körperich
International Journal for Business Education
This study discusses the continuously growing threat to the senior citizens*), later called seniors, who can be isolated from the society if their digital competences and experiences are too poor in today’s digital world. It has been noted that to cope with one’s pursuits seniors need to actively construct and maintain their capabilities in ways that are flexible in the world of the digital devices, in response to the changing vicissitudes of life. Thus, the claim above illuminates the issue that the ability to learn from experiences is highly valued in the digital world.
The seniors are obliged to closely …
Drivers And Barriers Of Social Sustainable Development And Growth Of Online Higher Education: The Roles Of Perceived Ease Of Use And Perceived Usefulness, Hemamali Tennakoon, Jared M. Hansen, George Saridakis, Mahesha Samaratunga, Joseph W. Hansen
Drivers And Barriers Of Social Sustainable Development And Growth Of Online Higher Education: The Roles Of Perceived Ease Of Use And Perceived Usefulness, Hemamali Tennakoon, Jared M. Hansen, George Saridakis, Mahesha Samaratunga, Joseph W. Hansen
Marketing and Strategy Faculty Publications
Online and distance learning classes have been touted for the last several years as an innovation in higher education that should help improve the entrepreneurial growth mindset of students. However, the reported negative online learning experience of many college students worldwide during the COVID-19 epidemic has shown that many opportunities remain to improve the sustainable development and growth of online visual instruction practices. In this study, we outline and investigate a set of hypotheses related to the perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use (from TAM) of online video instruction in higher education courses during the pandemic. We employ grounded …
Selecting Appropriate Technology For An Effective Online Extension Course, Paul A. Hill, Amanda D. Ali, Emy A. Swadley, Russell O. Goodrich
Selecting Appropriate Technology For An Effective Online Extension Course, Paul A. Hill, Amanda D. Ali, Emy A. Swadley, Russell O. Goodrich
Journal of Extension
Technology is a strategic asset in accomplishing the land grant mission. Selecting appropriate technology for Extension program management and delivery is essential to achieving planned outcomes, but can be challenging. This article describes the technology platforms selected by a new, legislatively funded Extension program delivering an online course in a hybrid distance-learning experience. The descriptions and application of these technology platforms will assist Extension professionals in choosing technology suitable for delivery and management of their programs as they plan for impact.
Applicable Mitigation Strategies And Technology Propositions: Preventing Scamming In Marginalized Populations, Grace Nicole Sandhofer-Adams
Applicable Mitigation Strategies And Technology Propositions: Preventing Scamming In Marginalized Populations, Grace Nicole Sandhofer-Adams
Cybersecurity Undergraduate Research Showcase
This essay serves as a proposal for new technology and mitigation against the scamming of marginalized individuals (i.e., those over the age of 65). Research supports this outline, giving background to the types of scams, and prevention strategies currently seen in the cybersecurity landscape. It is evident that the methods we currently use to combat scamming attacks are not effective, therefore, I propose a new solution. This proposed telecommunications strategy is necessary to prevent scamming of all internet users, no matter the device. This telecommunication strategy would use artificial intelligence and machine learning to constantly improve its detection over time, …
Boyer Model Of Scholarship In Practice, Tony Shannon
Boyer Model Of Scholarship In Practice, Tony Shannon
International Journal for Business Education
The four types of scholarship in the Boyer framework are relevant to teaching or training at any level of post-secondary education, both directly in terms of knowledge and indirectly through the impact of enthusiasm [2,9]. This outline is a simplified introduction to the salient features of the system, with some general examples of what each type could mean in practice. The boundaries of the types are fluid and can overlap in theory and in practice [4,6].
Lumina Review Of Learning Frameworks: Tools For Building A Better Educational Experience, Tony Shannon
Lumina Review Of Learning Frameworks: Tools For Building A Better Educational Experience, Tony Shannon
International Journal for Business Education
A reason for summarising this document (Travers et al, 2019) is that the Lumina Foundation in the USA is one of the few educational think-tanks which seems to be aware of the effects on the workplace from the exponentially accelerating growth in soft-computing, especially artificial intelligence, which will be seen in the next fifteen years (cf. Jankowski and Marshall. 2017).
Summary Of And Comments On Strengthening Skills: Expert Review Of Australia's Vocational Education And Training System, Steven Joyce
Summary Of And Comments On Strengthening Skills: Expert Review Of Australia's Vocational Education And Training System, Steven Joyce
International Journal for Business Education
The following extracts have been compiled in this order to give a feeling for the total report (168 pages). The order of what follows is quite different from Joyce. It has been summarised this way for the benefit of readers who are not involved in the VET sector on a day-to-day basis. Most of the data are from 2017-2018. The summary is by Tony Shannon; it has no official status. To give perspective to this important report, the summary and comments are in three parts, namely,
- A general view of Australian Vocational Education & Training
- Recommendations – road map
- Some …
Report Of The Independent Review Of Freedom Of Speech In Australian Higher Education Providers, Tony Shannon
Report Of The Independent Review Of Freedom Of Speech In Australian Higher Education Providers, Tony Shannon
International Journal for Business Education
This summary does not claim to be preferred in any way to a reading of the complete report with its succinct and simple recommendations, including “A Model Code for the Protection of Freedom of Speech and Academic Freedom in Australian Higher Education Providers”. The review is an important document for all institutions dedicated to teaching, particularly at the tertiary level, in having a shared understanding of freedom of speech within an institution.
The Review involved a two-stage consultation process with universities and other stakeholders between November 2018 and March 2019, and it also considered recent pertinent debates in Canada, New …
What Kind Of Pedagogies For The 21st Century?, Cynthia Luna Scott
What Kind Of Pedagogies For The 21st Century?, Cynthia Luna Scott
International Journal for Business Education
Since the emergence of a global movement that calls for a new model of learning for the twenty first century, it has been argued that formal education must be transformed to enable new forms of learning that are needed to tackle complex global challenges.
Reflective Journals, Tony Shannon Am
Reflective Journals, Tony Shannon Am
International Journal for Business Education
A reflective journal helps to think honestly about one’s actual thinking. This can be uncomfortable at first!
Uk Universities Face Their Toughest Test, Andrew Jack
Uk Universities Face Their Toughest Test, Andrew Jack
International Journal for Business Education
The School of Oriental and African Studies seemed a symbol of stability when it celebrated its centenary in 2016 by taking over and renovating the University of London’s imposing Senate House building in central London. It was a bold move to lure the best students. But just three years later its future has become much shakier, with its undergraduate intake down 40 percent and a £7m operating deficit. “The competition is brutal,” says Professor Stephen Hopgood, Soas’s international pro-director. “We are small and specialist, and if undergraduate fees are cut, it’s going to be very hard for an institution of …
The Futures Of Learning 3: What Kind Of Pedagogies For The 21st Century?, Cynthia Luna Scott
The Futures Of Learning 3: What Kind Of Pedagogies For The 21st Century?, Cynthia Luna Scott
International Journal for Business Education
Since the emergence of a global movement that calls for a new model of learning for the twenty first century, it has been argued that formal education must be transformed to enable new forms of learning that are needed to tackle complex global challenges. Literature on this topic offers compelling arguments for transforming pedagogy to better support acquisition of twenty-first century skills.
“Listen To Me” – A Systematic Literature Review About Learning From Others’ Failure Narrations, Verena Liszt-Rohlf
“Listen To Me” – A Systematic Literature Review About Learning From Others’ Failure Narrations, Verena Liszt-Rohlf
International Journal for Business Education
The dedicated stream of learning from others’ failure has gained increasing attention in entrepreneurship education research and—because of the COVID-19 crisis—among practitioners. The emerging literature on entrepreneurship education addresses this important phenomenon but lacks specific theoretical underpinnings; its new approaches to and empirical inquiry are one-sided. Therefore, a systematic literature review is warranted to provide a more comprehensive view of learning from others’ entrepreneurial failures and to develop a research model. Unprecedentedly, the author explores the type of research streams and gaps that can be included in a research model for entrepreneurship education research in the area of learning from …
Revisiting Cybersecurity Awareness In The Midst Of Disruptions, Avideh Sadaghiani-Tabrizi
Revisiting Cybersecurity Awareness In The Midst Of Disruptions, Avideh Sadaghiani-Tabrizi
International Journal for Business Education
The awareness of cybersecurity and knowledge about risks from a variety of threats, which present harm or steal private information in internetworking could help in mitigation of vulnerabilities to risks of threats in safeguarding information from malware and bots. Revisiting cybersecurity awareness of every member and evaluation of organization’s posture might help to protect sensitive or private information from a network of computers, working together and forming into botnets. The purpose of the qualitative case study narrative was to explore prospects for integrating cybersecurity education into elementary school children’s curriculum through interviews of elementary schoolteachers, IT experts, and parents to …
Implementing A Short-Term Field-Based Experiential Learning Activity: The Retail Scavenger Hunt, Pam Richardson, Rebeca Perren
Implementing A Short-Term Field-Based Experiential Learning Activity: The Retail Scavenger Hunt, Pam Richardson, Rebeca Perren
Atlantic Marketing Journal
This article introduces the Retail Scavenger Hunt (RSH)—a short-term field-based experiential learning activity. This flexible pedagogical tool enables students to experience first-hand what is commonly referred to in the consumer-packaged goods industry as “the store check.” Although initially designed as an instructor-led activity, the authors adapted the exercise during the pandemic to be executed as a self-directed, app-based field activity. As a result, this research can compare student impressions across implementation modes.
Evaluating Healthcare Student Learning Performance During The Initial Year Of The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Case Study, Maria D. Garcia-Villarreal
Evaluating Healthcare Student Learning Performance During The Initial Year Of The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Case Study, Maria D. Garcia-Villarreal
Human Resource Development Theses and Dissertations
The COVID-19 pandemic caused a mass interruption to daily life lasting almost an entire academic year. Return to normalcy was hard won and phased over the following academic year. Neither time-period offered “traditional” learning experiences in academic institutions. The extent to which the operational shut-down affected academic institutions and their learners is just now beginning to be elucidated. Human resource development (HRD) is uniquely positioned to apply established and newly developed theories and applications to the study of this phenomenon. One particular case lends itself to observation. A major academic medical center launched a technology-driven state-of-the-art simulation education center mere …
An Autoethnograpy Of A Baby Boomer In Higher Education: Challenges And Catalysts For Change, Deborra Finlan
An Autoethnograpy Of A Baby Boomer In Higher Education: Challenges And Catalysts For Change, Deborra Finlan
Theses & Dissertations
Higher education as a baby boomer brings mental, physical, and economic adjustments, concerns, and insecurities. Additionally, life delivers unexpected challenges and barriers which can cause hardships requiring various types of motivation. Fortunately, there are also catalysts which can contribute toward successes. Literature from four major elements were the focus in this study: motivation, adult learning, challenges, barriers, and catalysts. Theorists and theories included Vroom’s expectancy theory of motivation with the added factor of cost, and Ryan and Deci’s theory on self-determination; Mezirow’s transformative learning and Knowles’s self-directed learning; Cross’s theory on educational barriers—situational, dispositional, and institutional; and Cobb’s social support …
Instructional Systems Design And The Diffusion And Adoption Of Technology: (Volume 1), Miguel Ramlatchan (Author & Editor), Mark Parsons (Author), Meghan Soldani (Author), Josie Joswick Mendoza (Author), Maria Satre (Author), Brittany Spitz (Author), Jasmine Bundy (Author), Amanda Kline (Author)
Instructional Systems Design And The Diffusion And Adoption Of Technology: (Volume 1), Miguel Ramlatchan (Author & Editor), Mark Parsons (Author), Meghan Soldani (Author), Josie Joswick Mendoza (Author), Maria Satre (Author), Brittany Spitz (Author), Jasmine Bundy (Author), Amanda Kline (Author)
Distance Learning Faculty & Staff Books
Instructional designers, instructional systems designers, and other educational technologists are, by their nature, innovators. These professionals apply and extend the applied science of learning, systems, communication, and instructional design theory to help students learn. Technology in some capacity is used to make the connections between subject matter experts, teachers, instructors, and their learners. It is common for instructional designers to seek new tools, techniques, and innovations for the improvement of learning, access, quality, and student satisfaction. However, the adoption and diffusion of new educational technology and innovation is a complex process that depends on many variables. Understanding these processes and …
Social Presence As A Predictor Of Social Construction Of Knowledge In Discussion Forums In Asynchronous Online Higher Education Courses, Austin Megli
Organization, Information and Learning Sciences ETDs
The three research papers completed and compiled to make up this dissertation explore the relationship between social presence and social construction of knowledge in asynchronous online discussion forums in higher education courses in the instructional technology field. Paper 1 is a literature review of the interaction analysis model (IAM) (Gunawardena et al., 1997) as a methodology, which is used to measure and determine the social construction of knowledge in online discussion forums. This literature review identified and highlighted the need to determine how the social environment of online learning influences the social construction of knowledge. This led to the second …
The Effects Of Online Learning Experience During The Covid-19 Pandemic On Students’ Satisfaction, Adjustment, Performance, And Loyalty, Michal Wilczewski, Oleg Gorbaniuk, Terry Mughan, Ewelina Wilczewska
The Effects Of Online Learning Experience During The Covid-19 Pandemic On Students’ Satisfaction, Adjustment, Performance, And Loyalty, Michal Wilczewski, Oleg Gorbaniuk, Terry Mughan, Ewelina Wilczewska
Business Faculty Publications and Presentations
This research investigates the student online learning experience (SOLE) during the 2020 spring Covid-19 pandemic. We collected quantitative data through an online survey from 362 international and 488 domestic students at a large Polish University. Correlation and path analysis within a conceptual model of SOLE and its academic outcomes established that (1) SOLE explained adjustment, performance, satisfaction, and loyalty, (2) academic adjustment predicts performance, satisfaction, and loyalty, (3) that academic performance and satisfaction predict student loyalty, and (4) that academic performance predicts satisfaction. Interestingly, time spent in quarantine/self-isolation did not exert any effect on academic outcomes in SOLE. Moreover, qualitative …
2021 Ijbe V2 Front Matter, Tamra Connor
2021 Ijbe V2 Front Matter, Tamra Connor
International Journal for Business Education
- Editorial Board
- Letter from International President
- SIEC-ISBE International
What Has Changed For Top Mba Schools Within A Decade In Terms Of Mindfulness?, Dr. Damla Aktan, Asst. Prof. Nilgün Gürkaynak
What Has Changed For Top Mba Schools Within A Decade In Terms Of Mindfulness?, Dr. Damla Aktan, Asst. Prof. Nilgün Gürkaynak
International Journal for Business Education
The concepts of “mindful consumption” and “sustainability” became indispensable parts of both academia and business life. Based upon an initial research conducted in 2012, this research aims to understand and compare the change within a decade in MBA curricula in terms of mindfulness content inclusion as well as sustainability and ecological orientation. The results compare the evolution of the integration of concepts to curricula since 2012 through the official websites of the top 100 MBA schools of the Financial Times Global Ranking in both 2012 and 2022. The study aims to summarize how the concepts of sustainability, mindful consumption and …
Business Education And The Development Of Feedback Skills: The Impact Of Student Peer Review Assignments., Kristy Cunningham, Vikkie Mccarthy, Al Tilooby
Business Education And The Development Of Feedback Skills: The Impact Of Student Peer Review Assignments., Kristy Cunningham, Vikkie Mccarthy, Al Tilooby
International Journal for Business Education
Business education not only strives to bridge the gap between related theories and applications but also seeks to develop student’s employability skills. Employability skills are generic skill sets of employees and potential employees that employers across industries value. Leadership, communications, and relationship building are examples of skills that employers have reported as valuable employability skills. Feedback receiving and giving are communications skills important for employment and professional development. The purpose of this paper is to explore the pedagogical device of peer reviews in business classes to develop students’ feedback receiving and feedback giving skills. Using the theoretical learning theory, connectivisim, …
A Survey Study Of Speech-Language Therapists’ Experiences With Teletherapy At The Onset Of The Covid-19 Crisis, Jason A. Rosas
A Survey Study Of Speech-Language Therapists’ Experiences With Teletherapy At The Onset Of The Covid-19 Crisis, Jason A. Rosas
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
The present study aimed to understand how delivering pediatric treatment services via ‘teletherapy’ affected speech-language therapists (SLTs) during the initial outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis in 2020. SLTs reported on their experiences with the change from in-person to remote service delivery via two national surveys distributed at the start of the pandemic between April 2020 and July 2020. To explain SLTs’ survey responses, this dissertation introduced the Professional Adaptation Model (PA Model). The PA Model facilitated evaluation of the SLTs’ professional environment and the psychological constructs of their professional identity believed to influence the transition to speech-language teletherapy. Specifically, …
The Relationships Among Locus Of Control, The Impostor Phenomenon, And Math Anxiety In Business Majors, Tiffany L. S. Tovey, Stephanie Kelly, Wiley Brown
The Relationships Among Locus Of Control, The Impostor Phenomenon, And Math Anxiety In Business Majors, Tiffany L. S. Tovey, Stephanie Kelly, Wiley Brown
International Journal for Business Education
The importance of quantitative literacy in business education cannot be overstated. A barrier to enhancing quantitative skills for many business majors is their math anxiety, an angst some individuals experience when working with numbers. This study explored the relationship between math anxiety, locus of control, and impostor phenomenon in business students. 220 business students (undergraduate and graduate) from a two moderately sized southeastern universities in the United States participated in an online survey that assessed these three phenomena. A linear regression was run to understand the relationships among the variables. The results indicated that more than one fifth of math …
Let All Voices Be Heard: Creating An Engaging And Inclusive Asynchronous Qr Classroom, Ruby A. Daniels, Kathryn Appenzeller Knowles
Let All Voices Be Heard: Creating An Engaging And Inclusive Asynchronous Qr Classroom, Ruby A. Daniels, Kathryn Appenzeller Knowles
Numeracy
With the shift to remote teaching, many instructors used Zoom for synchronous work. However, this presented issues (fatigue, turning cameras off, inequitable technical hurdles) that motivated quantitative reasoning (QR) instructors to look for asynchronous alternatives. A common technique has been text-based online discussions, which can be difficult for students to find engaging. This mixed method study (N = 41) describes an inclusive video alternative, specifically for teaching QR and quantitative fluency skills, which was piloted in two asynchronous sections and one hybrid section of the same course. Students posted their video responses, watched their classmates’ videos, and wrote short …
The Acceptance And Use Of Online Learning By Law Students In A South African University: An Application Of The Utaut2 Model, Jameson Goto, Anzanilufuno Munyai
The Acceptance And Use Of Online Learning By Law Students In A South African University: An Application Of The Utaut2 Model, Jameson Goto, Anzanilufuno Munyai
The African Journal of Information Systems
COVID-19 forced many universities to shift from traditional face-to-face or blended learning, to full online learning. The sudden shift was not easy for both students and lecturers, who had to adapt to the new learning mode. This study aimed to evaluate the acceptance and use of online learning of university students in the law faculty at a South African university during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study employs the extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2) model particularised to the online learning context in a country with a developing economy. An online survey was administered to the student …
Student Engagement And Satisfaction With Online Labs, Cynthia Mejia, Robin Back, Jason Fridrich, Marissa Orlowski
Student Engagement And Satisfaction With Online Labs, Cynthia Mejia, Robin Back, Jason Fridrich, Marissa Orlowski
Rosen Research Review
Hospitality and tourism is a ‘people business.’ So what happened when the need for social isolation as a result of COVID-19 forced hospitality educators to rethink their pedagogical strategies and move previously face-to-face courses online? In one of the first studies of its kind, Marissa Orlowski, Cynthia Mejia, Robin Back and Jason Fridrich from UCF Rosen College of Hospitality Management researched student engagement and satisfaction in online culinary and beverage labs.
Investigating The Impact On Student Engagement From Converting Face-To-Face Classes To Online In Response To Covid-19, Anita Whiting
Investigating The Impact On Student Engagement From Converting Face-To-Face Classes To Online In Response To Covid-19, Anita Whiting
Atlantic Marketing Journal
Paper investigates the impact on student engagement from converting traditional face-to-face classes to online in response to Covid-19. In particular, this study investigated the impact of conversion to online on four different types of student engagement: (1) participation engagement, (2) emotional engagement, (3) skill engagement, and (4) performance engagement. Survey data were collected from 160 business students who had their face-to-face classes converted to online due to Covid-19. Results of study show that all four types of student engagement significantly declined when classes were converted to online. Participation engagement declined the most while performance engagement declined the least. Non-traditional students …
Digital Equity: Difficulties Of Implementing The 1:1 Computing Initiative In Low-Income Areas, Demetric D. Williams
Digital Equity: Difficulties Of Implementing The 1:1 Computing Initiative In Low-Income Areas, Demetric D. Williams
Dissertations
Successful One-to-One Computing Initiative implementation requires educators to communicate and collaborate effectively with everyone in the learning community. However, other factors such as teacher’s professional development, student’s perception, and parent’s perception often affect the implementation of the One-to-One Computing Initiative. School districts, which serve low-income areas in Mississippi, have difficulties ensuring students and communities have access to the information technology they need to participate outside the school setting. The concept is often called digital equity. However, when officials do not address the capacity, there is a vital threat to the participants’ civic, cultural, employment, lifelong learning, and access to essential …