Health and Physical Education Commons^™

College Students’ Perceived Stress In Relation To Physical Activity Behaviors During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Holli Rosas, Andrea Hughes, Sarah L. Dunn Ph.D.

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

College students may experience heightened stress during a global pandemic. It is well known that psychological distress during times of uncertainty and sedentary behaviors may lead to adverse health outcomes such as morbidity and mortality. Physical activity (PA) has been shown to positively mediate distress and other mental health outcomes. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine college students’ perceived stress levels and PA behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic and remote learning. METHODS: An Institutional Review Board approved online Qualtrics survey was used to collect data from eighty-four enrolled college students (mean age 24.4±5.79 years, 57.6% female) in …

Obstacle Negotiation Gaze Strategies Of The Physically Fatigued, Belle P. Ponce De Leon, Makena Savola, Sedona Boren, Andrew Fishman, Sarika Varma, Jacob W. Hinkel-Lipsker

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

INTRODUCTION: Proper obstacle negotiation while in a fatigued state is a safety concern for first responders, firefighters and other primary relief personnel in their high-risk line of work. During locomotion the central gaze is focused beyond the obstacle to plan future steps while the peripheral vision spatially tracks the obstacle. Previous work indicates that following intense exercise people experience a narrowed peripheral visual field, making them more reliant on central gaze. Thus, it is possible that when physically-fatigued people become more reliant on central gaze to perceive obstacles, leaving them unable to plan future steps as effectively.

PURPOSE: This study …

Anthropometric Predictors Of Arterial Stiffness When Adjusting For Fitness In College-Aged Adults, Riley Morton, Kyli Alvarez, Estephania Campa, Malia Nowlen, Zachary Zeigler

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is the largest cause of non-communicable disease death worldwide. Arterial stiffness is an independent predictor of CVD. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio predict arterial stiffness. However, there is inconstancy in the literature as to which is the best predictor of arterial stiffness. Measured cardiovascular fitness is also an independent predictor of arterial stiffness and is rarely controlled for in epidemiological studies. The purpose of this study was to identify the superior anthropometric predictor of arterial stiffness after controlling for measured fitness.

METHODS: Healthy young adults were recruited from Grand …

The Impact Of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Risk On Baseline Balance Assessment For Concussion In Collegiate Athletes, Ryan N. Moran, Nicholas G. Murray

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: Recent literature has linked concussion and neuromuscular deficits in the lower extremity after injury. Neuromuscular control is frequently assessed using balance measures for concussion, but also dynamically to identify anterior cruciate ligament injury (ACL) risk via jump-landing movement screening. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of ACL injury risk on baseline balance assessment for concussion. METHODS: Thirty-nine healthy, collegiate female soccer (n=22) and volleyball (n=17) athletes completed the modified-Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction of Balance (m-CTSIB) and the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) test as part of routine concussion baseline testing and injury …

Changes In Vertical Reaction Force During Treadmill High-Intensity Interval Training, Jared Moore, Garry Cai, George Salem

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has become a popular form of exercise due to its low time burden and easily customized protocols. To date, there has been no investigation into how lower extremity loading (ie. GRF) changes over time during a HIIT protocol. Examining this load variability can help inform protocol development for different populations. PURPOSE: The purpose of this pilot study was to examine how the vertical reaction force (vRF) changes during a HIIT running protocol in order to elucidate how working at high intensity for 4min periods can influence subsequent lower extremity loading. METHODS: Three participants (26±3y) …

A Comparison Of High-Intensity Interval And Moderate Intensity Continuous Training On Glucose Regulation In Sedentary, Obese Individuals, Sophia R. Mirth, Brandon J. Sawyer, Dharini M. Bhammer, Glenn A. Gaesser

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

It is well known that exercise is beneficial in the prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D) but the ideal type of training is not clear. PURPOSE: To compare the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on blood glucose regulation in sedentary, obese adults. METHODS: 22 sedentary, obese individuals were randomized into either HIIT or MICT. Each group exercised on a cycle ergometer 3 times/wk for 8 wks. The HIIT group performed 10, 1 min intervals at 90-95% HR_max with 1 min rest intervals in between. The MICT group performed 30 min of …

Comparison Of Flights Climbed Between Garmin And Fitbit Devices, Javen Miguel, Alan Garcia, Melissa Strehlow, Dustin W. Davis, Jeff Montes, James W. Navalta

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

With exercise device technology and consumer interest in the field growing, it is important for users to be confident that their wearable fitness devices accurately track their flights climbed. Two manufacturers of devices that track flights climbed are Garmin and Fitbit. Comparing the measurements of flights climbed between devices from these two manufacturers is important to inform consumers as they decide which device to purchase for flight-related activities. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the measurements of flights climbed between the Garmin fēnix 5 and Fitbit Versa 2. METHODS: Eight participants (6M, 2F, 29 ± 8 yrs, …

Effects Of Short Foot Exercise On Ankle Eversion Velocity, Daniel Metri, Jacob Mayoral, Connor Owen, Andy Arant, Dane Johnson, Robert Dudley, Andrea Du Bois

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The biomechanical position of the foot while landing plays a major role in performance and injury. A common issue of landing is excessive foot pronation and subsequently ankle eversion. This biomechanical position can result in knee abduction, increasing the chance of knee injury. The velocity at which the ankle everts may also be a component of injury as long distance runners that became injured had higher ankle eversion velocity in their landing strides while running. Short foot exercise (SFE) strengthens the intrinsic muscles of the foot and help stabilize the arch which assists in eccentrically controlling pronation. However, acute effects …

Macrophage Response To Damage In Old And Young Skeletal Muscle, Jack Mehling, Robert D. Hyldahl, Mohadeseh Ahmadi

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: In skeletal muscle, macrophages migrate to damaged fibers, influencing the inflammatory response during muscle regeneration. Macrophages experience polarization, exhibiting different phenotypes described as M1 (pro-inflammatory) and M2 (anti-inflammatory.) Failure to properly transition between phenotypes inhibits fiber regeneration. Previous animal literature suggests that dysregulated macrophage polarization may contribute to the decreased regenerative capacity of aging muscle. The purpose of this study is to quantify macrophage response and polarization in a model of muscle damage and regeneration in older humans. We hypothesized that older people would have a higher percentage of M2 macrophages relative to the young. METHODS: Seven …

Uphill, Level, And Downhill Running In A New Style Of Road-Racing Shoe, Hunter Mcwilliams, Iain Hunter, Jared Ward, Cal Bradshaw, Tyler Standifird

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Recent changes in road-racing shoe construction has prompted research comparing the metabolic benefit of new shoe constructions compared to older styles. Kinematic and kinetic changes with uphill and downhill running may affect the magnitude of benefit for this new style of racing shoe. PURPOSE: Due to the changes associated with downhill running, we hypothesize that new performance racing shoes will have a greater metabolic benefit when running downhill, than with level or uphill running. METHODS: Eighteen subjects (10 men and 8 women) ran on two separate days with shoe order reversed. They wore either the Saucony Type A …

The Effect Of The Short Foot Exercise On The Knee During Landing, Jacob G. Mayoral, Connor Owen, Daniel Metri, Andy Arant, Dane Johnson, Robert Dudley, Andrea Du Bois

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Intrinsic foot muscles play an important role in the stabilization of the foot and assist with pronation of the foot. Excessive eversion, a component of pronation, may carry up the kinetic chain to impact the knee’s frontal plane position, increasing the chance of a knee injury. Runners who go on to sustain injuries have a greater peak knee abduction moment during running than those without injury. Regular short foot exercise (SFE) strengthens the intrinsic foot muscles, which over time could help improve foot posture and mechanics up the kinetic chain. It is unclear if a single bout of SFE can …

Effect Of Exercise In Sync With Circadian Preference On Migraine Load In Migraineurs, Elias M. Malek, Graham Mcginnis, James Navalta

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Migraines are the most common cause of chronic pain. Effective, non-pharmacological strategies to reduce migraine load are needed. Exercise is an effective strategy, but it is unclear how exercise timing and temporal preference (chronotype)factors modulate the laudatory effects of exercise. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of exercising in-sync or out-of-sync with one’s chronotype on migraine load. Methods: Participants were 7 sedentary individuals who experienced migraines 8+ times per month (age = 34 ± 11 yrs, 167 ± 8 cm, 99 ± 26 kg). Participants were categorized into morning- or evening-types based …

Local Skin Temperature And Local Sweat Rate, Gary W. Mack, Jim D. Cotter

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Local skin temperature may be a modulator of sweat gland function but the mechanism is unclear. PURPOSE: To examine the role of local skin temperature in modulating local sweating rate (LSR) using a model of sweat gland activation that produces a moderate, physiologically based sweating response. METHODS: Each subject (n=15) was instrumented with 7 skin temperature probes ( _skin), an esophageal probe (T_core), and a sweat rate capsule (dorsal forearm). A LSR was produced by 30 s of intradermal electrical stimulation (5 mA, 0.2 to 64 Hz) that resulted in release of ACh from the …

Fit (And Healthy) For Duty: Lipid Profiles And Fitness Relationships From Police Officers In A Health And Wellness Program, Robert G. Lockie, Robin (Rob) Marc Orr, J. Jay Dawes

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Police work can place officers at risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Sedentary activities, stress, shift work, sleep loss, reduced physical activity, and poor dietary choices contribute to this risk. Lipid profiles (total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins [LDL], high-density lipoproteins [HDL], triglycerides) can indicate CVD risk. PURPOSE: To detail the lipid profiles of police officers from a health and wellness program in 2018-2019, and correlate lipid profiles with fitness. METHODS: Archival data for officers from 2 years of the program were analyzed (2018: 169 males, 39 females; 2019: 194 males, 43 females). Bloodwork (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides) was collected in a …

Rare Case Of Simultaneous Thoracic Outlet Syndrome And Musculocutaneous Neuropathy In A Baseball Pitcher, Steven C. Liu, Kenneth Vitale

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction: The thoracic outlet is bounded by the clavicle, first rib, and muscles of the scalene triangle. When a compression within the outlet occurs, it presents as thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS). TOS typically develops from the combination of developmental abnormalities, injuries, and physical activities that cause compression of the brachial plexus neurovasculature. This classically manifests as sensory and motor symptoms involving lower trunk (C8-T1) dermatomes and myotomes. The upper trunk and associated peripheral nerves, including musculocutaneous, are typically spared. Case Description: A 22 y.o. male with a history of ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction and right elbow ulnar decompression a …

Cardiorespiratory Fitness Level Alters Blood Pressure Responses Induced By Histamine H1- And H2-Receptor Blockade During Dynamic Exercise, Albert A. Lira Jr., Dustin J. Lirazan, Ronaldo U. Meneses, Sung J. Yun, Jong-Kyung Kim

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Epidemiological studies have reported that greater cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with lower blood pressure (BP). Histamine receptor-mediated peripheral vasodilation contributes to postexercise hypotension and lowing exercising BP responses. Previously, our laboratory found that overactive BP responses to exercise were induced by the inability of histamine receptors in individuals with prehypertension. However, it is still unknown that CRF can impact BP responses elicited by the inability of the receptors. Purpose: This study was to assess whether aerobic fitness is effective in lowering excessive BP responses induced by the blockade of histamine receptors. Methods: In twelve male and female subjects (6 …

Do Sex Differences Exist In Critical Power And W’?, Jessica J. Linde, Jessica Collins, Olivia Leach, Megan Sherman, Kiese Mpongo, Jaron Quirante, Jayson R. Gifford

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Among world-class athletes, biological males tend to be faster and stronger than biological females, in part due to differences in body composition, such as lower body fat percentage and increased muscle mass. Critical power (CP) represents the highest intensity that elicits compensable and sustainable disturbances to homeostasis, while W’ is the amount of work and its associated metabolic disturbance that can be tolerated above CP. Together, CP and W’ strongly influence endurance performance. PURPOSE: To determine if sex-based differences in CP and W’ exist when normalizing for lean muscle mass. METHODS: We recruited 20 non-endurance trained individuals (10 female and …

Key Genetic Drivers Of Volitional Physical Activity In The Central Nervous System, Brayden K. Leyva, Timothy M. Moore, Alexander R. Strumwasser, Xia Yang, Aldons J. Lusis, Andrea L. Hevener

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Previous studies suggest that physical activity is driven by the Central Nervous System (CNS). PURPOSE: We determined the central genetic drivers of volitional activity in the CNS and identified several molecular mechanisms promoting improvements in metabolism as a consequence of daily exercise. METHODS: Leveraging genetic diversity, we studied 100 strains of sedentary (SED) and exercise-trained (TRN; in cage running wheels) animals of the UCLA hybrid mouse diversity panel (HMDP). Candidate gene identification analysis and single-cell RNA sequencing in three brain regions (hypothalamus, hippocampus, and striatum) were performed. Differential gene analysis was conducted between a cohort of exercise-trained and …

Short-Term Effects Of Exercise On Grip And Pinch Strength, Kristen Lantis, Deanna J. Schmidt

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: Occupations such as first responders and military may require use of hand and finger muscles after exercise, therefore changes in grip strength (GS) and pinch strength (PS) could affect task performance. While previous studies have shown decreases in GS with load carriage, others have shown increases in GS with other forms of exercise. The purpose of this study is to examine the short-term changes in GS and PS with exercise and load carriage. METHODS: Seven participants to date (5 male, 2 female; mean ± SD of 25.1 ± 4.5 yrs, 176.9 ± 11.9 cm height; 80.6 ± …

Angular Impulse Of The Whole Body During American Football Long Snapping, Janelle J. Kim, Travis J. Peterson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Long snapping is found in American football, and the goal is to have the ball reach the punter as quickly and accurately as possible so they can kick the ball downfield with minimal interference from the opposing team. Little research has been performed on the whole body kinetics of long snapping. PURPOSE: To describe the differences in angular impulse between high school and college athletes during the act of long snapping. METHODS: This study compared high school long snappers (n=5) and college long snappers (n=5). Whole group average age (18.9 ± 1.3 years), years of long snapping experience …

Validity Of B-Mode Ultrasound For Body Composition Assessment In The Field, Nathan Jensen, Conner Dearden, Brett Holmes, Shane Draper, Andrew Creer

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Air displacement plethysmography (ADP) is a common way to assess athlete body composition in many laboratories. While this method provides accurate values for body composition, it is not a feasible option for field work. Identifying an accurate, user friendly alternative to skinfold calipers may allow for accurate assessment of body composition in more applied settings, such as various training and competition venues. PURPOSE: To determine the validity of B-mode ultrasound for body composition assessment by comparing this method to values obtained using ADP. METHODS: To date, 14 actively training runners (≥ 4 hours/week for the last year) have …

Depressive Symptoms Related To Domain-Specific Physical Activity, Ola Iduma, Zachary Zenko

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Physical activity is positively associated with mental health. Exercise interventions have been shown to be effective for reducing depression. However, less is known about the role of domain-specific physical activity in mental health. PURPOSE: The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the relationship between physical activity across domains (domestic/household, transportation-related, occupational, leisure-time) and depressive symptoms. METHODS: After obtaining ethical approval, 111 adults (75 men, 35 women, 1 non-binary person; mean age: 36 ± 10 years) completed an online survey. Physical activity in each domain was assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were assessed with …

A Case Study Comparison Of Lower Extremity Kinematics In Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome, Amanda Hernandez, Patricia Vanoosbree, Kristyne Wiegand

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) affects up to 35% of runners. Chronic MTSS can negatively affect performance or lead to a cessation of activity. Though biomechanical variables such as hip internal rotation, tibial abduction, and rearfoot eversion are considered potential risk factors for MTSS, the research is equivocal. PURPOSE: Therefore, the purpose of this case analysis is to compare lower extremity kinematics of a D3 middle-distance runner with chronic MTSS vs. a matched uninjured runner. METHODS: This case study consists of two female middle-distance runners. Participant one (19 y.o., 1.73 m, 70.3 kg) experienced intermittent MTSS for 4 years. …

Acute Effect Of Dietary Supplementation With Grape Seed Extract Attenuates Blood Pressure Increase During Cold Pressor Test In Prehypertensive Men, Sarah Greenawalt, Albert A. Lira Jr., Kylie J. Morrison, Ronaldo U. Meneses, Christen J. Lutz, Savannah C. Ulhir, Jong-Kyung Kim

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

It is well documented that prehypertension or hypertension is associated with sympathetic overdrive and loss of parasympathetically mediated cardiac variability. Previous studies demonstrated that increased NO bioavailability reduced central sympathetic output. Despite the fact that grape seed extract (GSE) treatment increases the production of NO and improves endothelial function in prehypertensive males, no studies have assessed the effects of GSE on autonomic balance and autonomic function. PURPOSE: the aim of the study was to investigate the acute effect of dietary GSE supplementation on heart rate variability (HRV) and cold pressor test (CPT). METHODS: Six males were recruited in this study. …

Alterations In Musculoskeletal Function And Body Composition In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Alvaro Leal Gomez, Stephanie S. Wang, Jodi F. Engelhardt, Monica C. Orosa, Areum K. Jensen

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurological disorder characterized by impaired social interaction and atypical behaviors. Children with ASD appear to have lower muscular function and low bone mineral density. Recent studies have indicated that adolescents with ASD develop obesity and bone fracture incidence at a higher rate compared to typically developing children (TDC). However, it is unclear if such weakened musculoskeletal function is a consequence of neurological disorder state in ASD or if it is due to the limited opportunity for physical activity and exercise in the ASD population.

PURPOSE: To determine whether regional differences in body composition affect …

Comparison Of Whole-Body Phase Angle Assessed By Supine And Vertical Bioelectrical Impedance Analyzers, Ann L. Gibson, Chloe Clark, Jeremy B. Ducharme, Jonathan M. Houck, Holly Hall, Avadney Gerard-Osbourne

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Several bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) analyzers such as the RJL Quantum Legacy and the InBody 770 measure phase angle (PhA, marker of cellular health) in addition to estimating body fat percentage (%BF). These analyzers require the participant to be supine or vertical, respectively, during the assessment and use different electrode configurations, both of which may affect the measurement of PhA and %BF. PURPOSE: Investigate the difference and agreement between PhA and %BF assessed by the RJL and InBody analyzers. METHODS: Thirty-eight young (18-38 yrs.), hydrated (urine specific gravity ≤1.020) adults (16 men; 22 women) stood for 15 minutes …

Evaluating The Effect Of Electrode Placement On Phase Angle And Body Fat Percentage Via The Rjl Quantum Legacy Device, Avadney Gerard-Osbourne, Jeremy B. Ducharme, Jonathan M. Houck, Holly Hall, Chloe Clark, Ann Gibson, Facsm

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

To obtain the highest values for resistance (R) and reactance (Xc) during bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) it’s recommended to measure on the right side of the body. Less is known if this relationship is true for phase angle (PhA) or when these variables are measured with the RJL Quantum Legacy device. PURPOSE: Evaluate the reliability, difference, and bias between bioelectrical impedance variables assessed on the left and right side of the body by the RJL Quantum Legacy device. METHODS: Thirty-eight young (18-38 yrs.), hydrated (urine specific gravity ≤1.020), men (n=16) and women (n=22) laid in the supine position …

Validity Of Garmin Devices While Ascending And Descending Flights Of Stairs, Alan V. Garcia, Melissa Strehlow, Dustin W. Davis, Javen Miguel, Jeff Montes, James W. Navalta

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The use of wearable technology to track physical activity is popular among fitness enthusiasts and the general public. There are many brands that offer a variety of devices. One popular brand is Garmin. The validity of Garmin’s wrist-worn devices in measuring step counts in various settings, such as walking up and down a staircase, is unclear. PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to determine if two devices, the Garmin fēnix 5 and Garmin vívosmart HR record valid measures of step count when ascending and descending flights of stairs at three different speeds. METHODS: Eight participants (n=8) were tested …

Development Of Strength And Operational Strength Skills Of Qualified Judoists Aged 15-17 Years In Sports Improvement Groups, Sirojiddin Erkinboevich Qodirov

Eurasian Journal of Sport Science

Purpose: To theoretically develop a differentiated method for improving the quality of strength and dexterity of qualified judokas aged 15-17 in various weight categories at the stage of sports development and substantiate the effectiveness of the selected exercises in the study .

Methods: The program developed for the development of general and special physical training is structured as follows. Two sets of exercises are aimed at improving the special physical training of judoists (SPT - 4 sets of exercises) (GPT - 7 sets of exercises). The first set of general physical exercises is 4 turns, each series is performed in …

Quality Of Knee Strengthening Exercises Performed At Home Deteriorates After One Week, Hayden E. Dennis, Hyunwook Lee, Ulrike Mitchell, M. K. Seeley

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Current clinical practice guidelines for physical therapy (PT) post-total knee arthroplasty (TKA) recommend supervised postoperative PT; this recommendation is based on research demonstrating that more direct supervision from a physical therapist yields improved mobility, balance, and overall quality-of-life, relative to less supervision. Supervised post-operative PT is not always feasible due to non-availability of a licensed physical therapist, lack of health insurance, and/or other factors. Consequently, patients often perform post-TKA PT exercises without supervision. PURPOSE: To compare the quality (determined via the ability to replicate lower extremity kinematics recommended by a physical therapist) of post-TKA PT exercises in healthy older …