Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research (32)
- International and Comparative Education (31)
- Secondary Education (27)
- Curriculum and Instruction (12)
- Language and Literacy Education (12)
-
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (11)
- Business (10)
- Nonprofit Administration and Management (10)
- Teacher Education and Professional Development (8)
- Psychology (5)
- School Psychology (5)
- Science and Mathematics Education (5)
- Civic and Community Engagement (4)
- Early Childhood Education (4)
- Sociology (4)
- Indigenous Education (3)
- Accessibility (1)
- African Studies (1)
- Art Education (1)
- Arts and Humanities (1)
- Curriculum and Social Inquiry (1)
- Disability and Equity in Education (1)
- Educational Leadership (1)
- Educational Methods (1)
- Educational Psychology (1)
- Higher Education (1)
- Instructional Media Design (1)
- International and Area Studies (1)
- Keyword
-
- Primary education (14)
- Primary school students (13)
- Professional development (12)
- Literacy (11)
- Primary schools (10)
-
- Teaching effectiveness (9)
- Classroom observation techniques (8)
- Multimethod techniques (8)
- Philanthropic foundations (8)
- Private financial support (8)
- Teaching methods (8)
- Case studies (7)
- Curriculum development (7)
- Developing countries (7)
- Grantsmanship (7)
- International aid (6)
- Literacy education (6)
- Numeracy (6)
- Schools (6)
- Teacher effectiveness (6)
- Curriculum implementation (5)
- Disadvantaged (5)
- Grants (5)
- Lesson observation criteria (5)
- Monitoring (Assessment) (5)
- National competency tests (5)
- Primary school teaching (5)
- Primary secondary education (5)
- School improvement (5)
- Student engagement (5)
- Publication Year
- Publication
-
- Education Analytics Service (20)
- Leading Learning in Education and Philanthropy (LLEAP) (9)
- 2009 - 2019 ACER Research Conferences (8)
- Primary School Studies (6)
- Tender Bridge (6)
-
- Wellbeing (5)
- Information Bulletin 1945-1951 (4)
- Assessment and Reporting (3)
- Shannon Research Press (3)
- 2021-2030 ACER Research Conferences (2)
- ACER historical documents (2)
- Assessment GEMS (2)
- Monitoring Learning (2)
- Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) (2)
- Teacher infographics (2)
- ACER India (1)
- Australian Education Review (1)
- Australian Educational Studies (1)
- Early Childhood Education (1)
- Future of Education (1)
- Information Management (1)
- International Conference on Assessment and Learning (ICAL) (1)
- International Developments (1)
- International Education Research (1)
- Little J and Big Cuz (1)
- Mathematics (1)
- School and system improvement (1)
- Student learning processes (1)
- Publication Type
Articles 31 - 60 of 89
Full-Text Articles in Elementary Education
Resourcesmart Schools And Wellbeing. Main Study, Katherine Dix, Toby Carslake, Syeda Kashfee Ahmed, Shani Sniedze
Resourcesmart Schools And Wellbeing. Main Study, Katherine Dix, Toby Carslake, Syeda Kashfee Ahmed, Shani Sniedze
Wellbeing
This report presents the findings of a study into the wellbeing impacts of the ResourceSmart Schools (RSS) program in Victoria, Australia. The findings are based on a literature review and a state-wide survey of program schools to inform the development of the ResourceSmart Schools wellbeing evaluation framework, as a first step in the ongoing monitoring of the program’s wellbeing impacts in RSS schools.
Learning Through Play Experience Tool: Guidelines For General Use Of The Learning Through Play Experience Tool, Lisa Van Beeck
Learning Through Play Experience Tool: Guidelines For General Use Of The Learning Through Play Experience Tool, Lisa Van Beeck
Monitoring Learning
The aim of the Learning through Play (LtP) Experience Tool is to see a play experience through the eyes of a child and use this to understand the texture of the child’s experience. The LtP Experience Tool is not designed to rate or evaluate the child. It is an observational tool used to collect data on a child’s play experience by empathising with a child and how they respond to the play experience. These guidelines provide an overview of the purpose of the LtP Experience Tool and how to use it to understand a child’s play experience. The guidelines are …
Pacific Islands Literacy And Numeracy Assessment, Australian Council For Educational Research
Pacific Islands Literacy And Numeracy Assessment, Australian Council For Educational Research
Assessment GEMS
The overall purpose of Pacific Islands Literacy and Numeracy Assessment (PILNA) is to support the improvement of education outcomes of students in the Pacific Island countries. It does this by generating cognitive and contextual data to monitor learning outcome, as well as facilitating ongoing collaborative efforts. PILNA measures the numeracy and literacy achievement of students at the end of Year 4 and Year 6. PILNA also supports participating countries to achieve Sustainable Development Goals. Specifically, SDG 4.1, which aims to have ‘all girls and boys complete free, equitable and quality primary and secondary education leading to relevant and effective learning …
The Impact Of The Ib Primary Years Programme (Pyp) On Student Wellbeing And Other Related Social-Emotional Learning Outcomes, Katherine Dix, Shani Sniedze
The Impact Of The Ib Primary Years Programme (Pyp) On Student Wellbeing And Other Related Social-Emotional Learning Outcomes, Katherine Dix, Shani Sniedze
Wellbeing
This study investigated the impact of the International Baccalaureate (IB) Primary Years Programme (PYP) on student wellbeing and related outcomes. The PYP, an educational framework for children ages 3–12, offers a holistic education focusing on whole-child development through an inquiry-driven approach. It does so through multiple programmatic elements that include leadership and teacher professional development, to deliver an inclusive curriculum in classrooms that builds transdisciplinary skills, culminating in the development of students’ international-mindedness, critical thinking and attributes of the IB learner profile.
The Southeast Asia Primary Learning Metrics Program: Thinking Globally In A Regional Context, Unicef, Southeast Asian Ministers Of Education Organization (Seameo)
The Southeast Asia Primary Learning Metrics Program: Thinking Globally In A Regional Context, Unicef, Southeast Asian Ministers Of Education Organization (Seameo)
Assessment and Reporting
The Southeast Asia Primary Learning Metrics (SEA-PLM) program is a regional assessment that aims to set a common approach to assessing the learning outcomes of students at Grade 5. As an alternative to international large-scale assessments and national assessments, SEA-PLM has developed a set of assessment and survey instruments for the Southeast Asian region. Designed to be a system-level monitoring tool of educational quality and equity, SEA-PLM covers four domains: mathematics, reading, writing and global citizenship. The assessment also includes questionnaires that gather important contextual information from students, parents, teachers and school principals. A key feature of the SEA-PLM assessment …
Learning Through Play In Primary School Classrooms, Rachel Parker
Learning Through Play In Primary School Classrooms, Rachel Parker
International Developments
New research offers a model for playful learning as an effective pedagogy for primary school-aged children. Rachel Parker discusses.
Wii-Ma-Li (Light The Fire): The Impact Of The Connected Communities Strategy On Hillvue Public School, Chris Shaw
Wii-Ma-Li (Light The Fire): The Impact Of The Connected Communities Strategy On Hillvue Public School, Chris Shaw
2009 - 2019 ACER Research Conferences
Hillvue Public School has an enrolment of approximately 300 students, 80 per cent of whom identify as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander. The school, located in Tamworth, is one of 15 Connected Communities schools in New South Wales. The Connected Communities Strategy is about developing an inclusive culture in a school and providing an environment that maximises student learning with an emphasis on high expectations, engagement and achievement. Globally, there have been significant changes to the ways that children learn and teachers teach. Our school environment and the world in which our students grow and function continues to change in …
The Science Behind The Art Of Teaching: Evaluation As Inspiration, Michele Bruniges Am
The Science Behind The Art Of Teaching: Evaluation As Inspiration, Michele Bruniges Am
2009 - 2019 ACER Research Conferences
Teachers across Australia inspire students to love learning. Our best teachers are constantly evaluating their impact on learning outcomes and adapting their practice – balancing the art and science of teaching. As we move rapidly towards the third decade of the 21st century, there is more pressure than ever for all teachers to deliver both deep discipline knowledge and the skills students need to survive and thrive in the workplace of the future. We need to use technology and data to support teachers to maximise learning outcomes for their students. This has to be done in a way that helps …
21st Century Skills: Realising The Potential Of The Australian Curriculum, Robert Randall
21st Century Skills: Realising The Potential Of The Australian Curriculum, Robert Randall
2009 - 2019 ACER Research Conferences
The Melbourne Declaration on Educational Goals for Young Australians (Melbourne Declaration) (MCEETYA, 2008) proposed that the Australian Curriculum (and state or territory and local curriculum) develop: a solid foundation in knowledge, understanding, skills and values on which further learning and adult life can be built; deep knowledge, understanding, skills and values that will enable advanced learning and an ability to create new ideas and translate them into practical applications; and general capabilities that underpin flexible and analytical thinking, a capacity to work with others and an ability to move across subject disciplines to develop new expertise. The Australian Curriculum, approved …
Educational Reform – Scottish Style!, David Leng
Educational Reform – Scottish Style!, David Leng
2009 - 2019 ACER Research Conferences
The government in Scotland has made education their defining mission, setting out a clear framework for improvement based on four key aims as articulated in the National Improvement Framework (2015). One improvement driver is Assessing Children’s Progress. This new approach to assessment has been developed to integrate curriculum, assessment (particularly classroom assessment) and pedagogy. Teacher professional judgement has been central to this, and national initiatives have focused on supporting and strengthening it. In this context, the Scottish National Standardised Assessments (SNSA) was launched in 2017, and is a national assessment tool to support improvement in classroom practice while still providing …
Acer Research Conference Proceedings (2019), Australian Council For Educational Research (Acer)
Acer Research Conference Proceedings (2019), Australian Council For Educational Research (Acer)
2009 - 2019 ACER Research Conferences
In a rapidly changing world, there is widespread agreement that students require new levels of skill in collaborating, communicating, thinking critically, innovating, solving problems and applying what is learnt in new contexts, underpinned by values and dispositions that include a commitment to social inclusion, responsible citizenship and respect for human rights. So how do we best prepare young people and equip them to survive and thrive in the unpredictable world of the future? Research Conference 2019 will profile research around innovative ways of conceptualising, developing and assessing this broader range of priorities for student learning and development in the 21st …
Supporting Social And Emotional Learning With Little J And Big Cuz: Case Study 3: Marion Primary School, Kathryn Moyle, Kevin Mcrae
Supporting Social And Emotional Learning With Little J And Big Cuz: Case Study 3: Marion Primary School, Kathryn Moyle, Kevin Mcrae
Little J and Big Cuz
Marion Primary School is located 10 kilometres south of the Adelaide CBD. There is a high level of student transience due in part to the mobility of families in short-term rental accommodation, which includes parents who are students at the nearby Flinders University. Students come from a diversity of cultural backgrounds with more than 14 countries represented in the school. In 2018, there were 21 students enrolled who identified as being of Indigenous descent. To support these Indigenous students and their families, the school has an Aboriginal Community Education Officer, Eileen Butler, known to everyone as ‘Aunty Eileen’. A team …
Enhancing Teaching And Learning Through Design Practice, Lori Lockyer
Enhancing Teaching And Learning Through Design Practice, Lori Lockyer
2009 - 2019 ACER Research Conferences
Design is part of a teacher’s practice on a daily basis. Teachers are constantly designing and redesigning learning experiences for their students. However, the notions of the teacher as designer or ‘teacher design practice’ are rarely used as frameworks within teacher education or continuing professional learning. In fact, ‘teacher design thinking’, that is, how school teachers think about and engage in design practice has been an under-researched area. Design thinking has the potential to provide teachers with a scaffold to reflect upon contextual and evidence-based factors when designing learning experiences for their students. However, we need to know how teachers …
Making A Difference In Learning Through Arts-Rich Pedagogy, Robyn Ewing Am
Making A Difference In Learning Through Arts-Rich Pedagogy, Robyn Ewing Am
2009 - 2019 ACER Research Conferences
There is unequivocal evidence that arts-rich pedagogies enhance student social and emotional wellbeing and, consequently, academic learning outcomes across the curriculum. Yet many primary teachers report they lack the expertise and/or confidence to embed quality arts processes and experiences in what is increasingly described as an overcrowded curriculum. This presentation reviews the research findings about the impact and sustainability of School Drama, an initiative developed through a partnership between the Sydney Theatre Company and The University of Sydney. An innovative co-mentoring teacher professional learning program and drama-based intervention, the program aims to develop primary teachers’ professional knowledge of and expertise …
Mathematical Modelling: A Guidebook For Teachers And Teams, Peter Galbraith, Derek Holton
Mathematical Modelling: A Guidebook For Teachers And Teams, Peter Galbraith, Derek Holton
Mathematics
This document aims to provide teachers with material that will enable them to prepare students to develop skills of mathematical modelling. Mathematical modelling is a process in which real-life situations and relations in these situations are expressed by using mathematics. Included in this publication are junior modelling problems for upper primary, junior or middle secondary levels; intermediate modelling problems for junior or middle secondary levels; and senior modelling problems for middle or senior secondary levels. A specific purpose of this material is to provide additional support to assist teachers and schools in choosing and mentoring student teams to participate in …
Basic Education: Foundation Level, Australian Council For Educational Research (Acer)
Basic Education: Foundation Level, Australian Council For Educational Research (Acer)
Education Analytics Service
The purpose of this module is to provide introductory information about the importance, structure, purpose, key issues and outcomes of basic education. It provides a foundation to engage in this topic and apply advice from staff with operational or expert levels of knowledge in education. On successful completion you will be able to be an informed participant in forums related to basic education.
Basic Education: Practitioner Level, Australian Council For Educational Research (Acer)
Basic Education: Practitioner Level, Australian Council For Educational Research (Acer)
Education Analytics Service
This Practitioner level module is designed to ensure that Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) staff members who engage with and lead policy dialogue with international and domestic partners are informed about effective strategies for implementing basic education and key priorities in basic education. It is recommended that staff complete the Basic Education: Foundation level module as background information to this Practitioner level module. Topics covered by this module include definitions of basic education, how can we develop effective strategies for implementing basic education, key priorities in basic education and basic education post-2015.
Pirls 2016: Reporting Australia's Results, Sue Thomson, Kylie Hillman, Marina Schmid, Sima Rodrigues, Jessica Fullarton
Pirls 2016: Reporting Australia's Results, Sue Thomson, Kylie Hillman, Marina Schmid, Sima Rodrigues, Jessica Fullarton
Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS)
The Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) is an international comparative study of student achievement directed by the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA). PIRLS 2016 represents the fourth such study since PIRLS was first conducted in 2001. Australia has participated in the two most recent cycles – PIRLS 2011 and 2016. In Australia, PIRLS is managed by the Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER) and is jointly funded by the Australian Government and the state and territory governments. The goal of PIRLS is to provide the best policy-relevant information about how to improve teaching and …
Highlights From Pirls 2016: Australia's Perspective, Sue Thomson, Kylie Hillman, Marina Schmid, Sima Rodrigues, Jessica Fullarton
Highlights From Pirls 2016: Australia's Perspective, Sue Thomson, Kylie Hillman, Marina Schmid, Sima Rodrigues, Jessica Fullarton
Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS)
The Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) is an international study of reading literacy directed by the IEA (International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement). In Australia, PIRLS is implemented by the Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER), which is Australia’s representative to the IEA. In Australia, PIRLS is part of the National Assessment Program. PIRLS has been conducted internationally at Year 4 on a five-year cycle since 2001, however, Australia participated for the first time in 2011. The main goal of PIRLS is to assist countries to monitor and evaluate their teaching of reading across time. Year …
Opening Or Closing Doors For Students? Equity And Data-Driven Decision-Making, Amanda Datnow
Opening Or Closing Doors For Students? Equity And Data-Driven Decision-Making, Amanda Datnow
2009 - 2019 ACER Research Conferences
Data-driven decision-making is key pillar of educational reform initiatives in countries across the globe. While approaches to data use vary, the theory of action underlying these efforts is often similar. The common idea is that when leaders and teachers are knowledgeable about how to use data, they will become more effective in reviewing their existing capacities, identifying weaknesses, and charting plans for improvement. In the classroom, data can inform how teachers plan lessons, identify concepts for re-teaching, and differentiate instruction. For all these reasons, data use has significant implications for teaching and leadership. Ensuring equitable opportunities and outcomes for all …
The Case For Urgency: Advocating For Indigenous Voice In Education, Kevin P. Gillan, Suzanne Mellor, Jacynta Krakouer
The Case For Urgency: Advocating For Indigenous Voice In Education, Kevin P. Gillan, Suzanne Mellor, Jacynta Krakouer
Australian Education Review
In 2004 the Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER) published an Australian Education Review (AER) on Indigenous Education: The Case for Change: A review of contemporary research on Indigenous education outcomes, AER 47 (Mellor & Corrigan, 2004). In the 13 years since its publication, the state of Indigenous education outcomes has remained substantially unaltered. All the social indicators demonstrate that Australia’s First Nations people continue to be the most socio-economically disadvantaged population cohort in Australian society. This is after decades of continued policy efforts by successive Commonwealth, state and territory governments to ameliorate Indigenous education disadvantage. We still struggle with …
Girls’ Primary And Secondary Education In Malawi: Sector Review: Final Report, Sally Robertson, Elizabeth Cassity, Esthery Kunkwenzu
Girls’ Primary And Secondary Education In Malawi: Sector Review: Final Report, Sally Robertson, Elizabeth Cassity, Esthery Kunkwenzu
Monitoring Learning
Enhancing girls’ access to high-quality education is a global priority that is articulated in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It is also a national priority in Malawi. The Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER) was contracted by UNICEF, to conduct an education sector review of girls’ primary and secondary education in Malawi. The review aimed to: outline the current context and challenges relating to girls’ education in Malawi; identify the key factors contributing to gender inequalities in educational access and outcomes; provide an overview of the policies and strategies currently in place to enhance girls’ education; provide recommendations to help …
Solomon Islands Standardised Tests Of Achievement (Sista). English And Mathematics. Year 4 And Year 6. Report 1 Main Study 2015, Australian Council For Educational Research (Acer)
Solomon Islands Standardised Tests Of Achievement (Sista). English And Mathematics. Year 4 And Year 6. Report 1 Main Study 2015, Australian Council For Educational Research (Acer)
Assessment and Reporting
The SISTA program is a key monitoring tool of the Solomon Islands Ministry of Education and Human Resource Development and has the capacity to serve multiple functions to a wide range of educational stakeholders. This report provides analysis of year 4 and year 6 Literacy and Numeracy of SISTA 2015. It is both a technical report for NEAD that includes descriptions of the processes followed in data analysis and reporting and the theoretical underpinnings of the analysis, a summary of the findings of the analysis and the implications for further analysis; and a report for the wider MEHRD staff that …
Lleap 2013 Survey Report : Leading By Evidence To Maximise The Impact Of Philanthropy In Education, Michelle Anderson, Emma Curtin
Lleap 2013 Survey Report : Leading By Evidence To Maximise The Impact Of Philanthropy In Education, Michelle Anderson, Emma Curtin
Leading Learning in Education and Philanthropy (LLEAP)
There are people who wish to give in a structured and planned manner, money, time or talents to advance the education of students in need. However, they may not know what schools and their communities need or what prevents them from accessing this additional support. Conversely, what those from schools know and understand about philanthropy is limited. Historically, not-for-profit organisations, with their various programs or services, have been the intermediary between school communities and philanthropy.
The Leading Learning in Education and Philanthropy (LLEAP) survey provides a comprehensive study on these issues.
Among the 2013 LLEAP survey findings:
The good news …
Solomon Islands Standardised Tests Of Achievement (Sista). English And Mathematics. Year 4 And Year 6. Report 1 Main Study 2013, Australian Council For Educational Research (Acer)
Solomon Islands Standardised Tests Of Achievement (Sista). English And Mathematics. Year 4 And Year 6. Report 1 Main Study 2013, Australian Council For Educational Research (Acer)
Assessment and Reporting
The SISTA program is a key monitoring tool of the Solomon Islands Ministry of Education and Human Resource Development and has the capacity to serve multiple functions to a wide range of educational stakeholders. This report provides analysis of year 4 and year 6 Literacy and Numeracy of SISTA 2013. The SISTA results contain a wealth of data about how well students have responded to items that are indicators of curriculum attainment. The observed improvements in overall performances may be attributed to: a. Better tests and improved alignment of the tests with the target population; and b. In the case …
Lleap Dialogue Series (No.2) : A Practical Guide To Grow Your Ideas For Maximum Impact, Michelle Anderson, Emma Curtin
Lleap Dialogue Series (No.2) : A Practical Guide To Grow Your Ideas For Maximum Impact, Michelle Anderson, Emma Curtin
Leading Learning in Education and Philanthropy (LLEAP)
This Guide, number 2 in the series, has been designed as a user friendly tool that could be used by different groups within education and philanthropy to suit their needs (e.g. in the training of philanthropic program managers in education; in the development of educational projects in schools; or supporting school-philanthropic-not-for-profit collaborations). Included are two ‘think pieces’ around collaboration: one on socially intelligent schools by Bill Lucas; the other on philanthropy and Indigenous education by Tony Dreise. These are followed by frameworks and guiding principles; and specific tools, tips and strategies for improving collaboration and engagement. Fifteen cases are also …
Case 8: Ruskin Park Primary School, Australian Council For Educational Research (Acer)
Case 8: Ruskin Park Primary School, Australian Council For Educational Research (Acer)
Tender Bridge
Ruskin Park Primary School has been a Tender Bridge subscriber for a year, since two parents from the school, Lisa Dalmau and Ajne Graham, attended Tender Bridge’s ‘Grantseeking for Success’ professional learning program in May 2012. As the only parent participants in that program, they felt that grantseeking was the best way that they could contribute to the school. In discussions with the school principal, Elle May, Lisa talked to Tender Bridge about the school’s success in resourcing its ideas.
Building A Culture For Partnering, Australian Council For Educational Research (Acer), Schools Connect Australia
Building A Culture For Partnering, Australian Council For Educational Research (Acer), Schools Connect Australia
Tender Bridge
'Building a culture for partnering' has been developed because there is a growing body of evidence that shows that school-community partnerships are an effective tool for improving outcomes for students, but for many schools this presents a whole new way of thinking and working. The program has been developed with both primary and secondary schools in mind. Included in this publication are the aims and structure of the Building a Culture for Partnering program and its relationship to the Teaching and Learning School Improvement Framework. Following this is a pre-program kit which outlines a number of activities and includes a …
The Processes Of Change On Learning Literacy And Numeracy In South Australian Primary Schools, I Gusti Ngurah Darmawan, Carol Aldous
The Processes Of Change On Learning Literacy And Numeracy In South Australian Primary Schools, I Gusti Ngurah Darmawan, Carol Aldous
Shannon Research Press
Success in science and mathematics is predicated on successful literacy and numeracy learning. Yet schools and communities across the country struggle to negotiate factors that both impede and facilitate such learning - particularly factors over which they have some control. Working with data more comprehensive than that used previously and applying statistical methods only recently developed, researchers from the South Australian hub of the centre for Science, Information and Communication Technology and Mathematics Education for Rural and Regional Australia (SiMERR-SA) seek answers to three basic questions. What factors influence performance in Literacy and Numeracy? Does living in a rural and …
Lleap 2012 Survey Report : Schools, Not-For-Profits, Philanthropic Foundations And Trusts In Australia : Building Knowledge To Maximise The Impact Of Philanthropy In Education, Michelle Anderson, Emma Curtin
Lleap 2012 Survey Report : Schools, Not-For-Profits, Philanthropic Foundations And Trusts In Australia : Building Knowledge To Maximise The Impact Of Philanthropy In Education, Michelle Anderson, Emma Curtin
Leading Learning in Education and Philanthropy (LLEAP)
LLEAP – Leading Learning in Education and Philanthropy began because of a widespread view that effective engagement of philanthropy in education was hampered, in many cases unnecessarily, by gaps in knowledge, understanding and ways of doing things better. LLEAP explores issues from the perspectives of philanthropic education grant making foundations and trusts, schools, and not-for-profits working with schools. One key part of LLEAP is a national annual survey.
In 2012, the LLEAP Survey received a total of 507 responses from 359 school (Government 69%; Independent 20%; Catholic 11%, from every state and territory), 87 not-for-profit and 61 philanthropic foundation or …