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Full-Text Articles in Educational Technology

How Does An Advanced Educator Utilize Digital Language Teaching And Learning By Integrating Linguistic, Cultural, And Business Life Perspectives?, Hely Westerholm, Pirjo Takanen-Körperich, Ph.D. Jul 2026

How Does An Advanced Educator Utilize Digital Language Teaching And Learning By Integrating Linguistic, Cultural, And Business Life Perspectives?, Hely Westerholm, Pirjo Takanen-Körperich, Ph.D.

International Journal for Business Education

This paper explores advanced educators’ digital working capabilities in online language teaching, with a particular focus on sharing Finnish language and culture in a foreign context. Cultural and linguistic knowledge play a significant role in enhancing students’ motivation to study foreign languages. In today’s educational environment, digitalisation and globalisation exert an increasing influence on foreign language teaching and learning.

The digital learning environment has brought about a paradigm shift in foreign language didactics. Digital language learning is both challenging and holistic in nature. Continued foreign language learning is simultaneously an individual and a social process, as digital learning cultures impose …


How Grades Changed Before, During And After Covid-19 In A Business College, Douglas R. Moodie, Alison Keefe, Robin Cheramie Jul 2026

How Grades Changed Before, During And After Covid-19 In A Business College, Douglas R. Moodie, Alison Keefe, Robin Cheramie

International Journal for Business Education

Purpose: This study examines how undergraduate business student grades changed before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic using a large institutional dataset from a business college in a US university between 2015 and 2024.

Method: The analysis includes over 390,000 student-course observations and incorporates instructional modality, student demographics, course characteristics, and prior academic performance.

Results: Results show a substantial increase in mean course grades during the COVID-19 period, followed by a partial reversion post-pandemic to levels that remain above pre-pandemic trends. These patterns are consistent across modalities, demographics, and departments.

Implications: The findings raise important questions regarding the interpretation of …


Data Governance Maturity, Ai Integration, And Equity In Colorado K-12 Public Schools, John R. Curtin Jun 2026

Data Governance Maturity, Ai Integration, And Equity In Colorado K-12 Public Schools, John R. Curtin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Colorado's 179 K-12 public school districts operate as autonomous governance units, each responsible for securing and managing student data assets that span health, financial, residential, and academic records. The accelerating integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) tools into administrative workflows, productivity software, and instructional platforms has fundamentally altered the risk landscape for student data, yet governance frameworks at the state, district, and school levels have not kept pace. This dissertation investigates whether Colorado's decentralized educational governance structure is institutionally capable of producing equitable, secure, and sustainable data governance outcomes in the AI era.

Drawing on Institutional Theory …


Leveraging Social Media Recruitment In Health Science Education: A Scoping Review, Crystalyn Richard, Natalie Nguyen, Luong Thien Nguyen, Alison Hansen May 2026

Leveraging Social Media Recruitment In Health Science Education: A Scoping Review, Crystalyn Richard, Natalie Nguyen, Luong Thien Nguyen, Alison Hansen

Philippine Journal of Physical Therapy

Background: Equitable recruitment practices are essential to the diversification of health science educational applicant pools. This scoping review aimed to understand the existing literature supporting the use and implementation of SM (SM) for recruitment in various health science educational programs. Methods: A comprehensive search utilizing the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) framework was used to collect and analyze existing articles. Keyword selection followed by an iterative process for article inclusion using Covidence application for article analysis and inclusion/exclusion. A thematic analysis method was employed to synthesize findings from the studies that met our inclusion criteria. Results: The initial keyword …


R Software Tutorials For Introductory Statistics Courses, Erica M. Hurst May 2026

R Software Tutorials For Introductory Statistics Courses, Erica M. Hurst

All Graduate Reports and Creative Projects, Fall 2023 to Present

This project focused on creating online resources for using the statistical software package R in an introductory statistics course at Utah State University. The goal was to make R more accessible, user-friendly, and engaging for learners. To do this, existing written materials were moved to a new section of an online website called Stats Stuff. Then interactive features were added such as step-by-step video tutorials, real datasets, and an embedded coding tool. These resources have been in use for the past four years and have helped students build confidence and enhance their statistical learning experience.


Low-Vision Students’ Experiences With And Suggestions To Improve Desktop Virtual Reality: A Qualitative Study, Tanveer Mansur Syed May 2026

Low-Vision Students’ Experiences With And Suggestions To Improve Desktop Virtual Reality: A Qualitative Study, Tanveer Mansur Syed

Theses and Dissertations

Visually impaired students have faced challenges in the field of education, particularly in science education. Not surprisingly, the unemployment rate for working-age visually impaired people has been above 70%. This persists despite federal laws to support the education and employment of visually impaired people,

Virtual Reality (VR) technology has evolved for several decades. Its use has proliferated in areas that include education. Today, VR science lab simulations are presented as a cost-effective alternative to traditional science labs. Research shows these to be viable substitutes to traditional science labs without a significant drop in learning outcomes. However, this researcher was unable …


Building A Course-Specific Genai Chatbot: A Comprehensive Tutorial And Comparison, Elias Gil, David Han, Joseph Mendez Apr 2026

Building A Course-Specific Genai Chatbot: A Comprehensive Tutorial And Comparison, Elias Gil, David Han, Joseph Mendez

TxDLA Journal of Digital Learning

This practitioner article presents a step-by-step guide for designing and embedding a course-specific generative AI chatbot using the Botpress platform. Aimed at digital learning practitioners and instructional designers, the article demonstrates how curated knowledge bases, carefully crafted prompts, and seamless LMS integration can create AI-powered teaching assistants that support student engagement and learning. Drawing on recent scholarship, the work highlights opportunities and challenges in leveraging generative AI for higher education, including accuracy, trust, and ethical considerations. A comparative analysis of alternative platforms such as ChatGPT and Google Dialogflow, further contextualizes Botpress within the broader landscape of AI-enabled educational tools. By …


Transforming Education With Ai, Kenna C. Lorenzini Apr 2026

Transforming Education With Ai, Kenna C. Lorenzini

SPARK Symposium Presentations

Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming more common in college classrooms, especially when students are completing papers and assignments. This project explores how college students can use AI responsibly while still learning and developing their own ideas. The goal of this project is to compare the perspectives of both professors and students in order to better understand how AI can support learning while still maintaining academic honesty. This research highlights the importance of clear expectations, responsible use of technology, and open conversations between students and educators about AI in academic work.


The Obverse-Turing Test: Rethinking Authorship, Trust, And Time In An Accelerated Age, Michael J. Miller, Chatgpt (Ai~Nesbo+) Jan 2026

The Obverse-Turing Test: Rethinking Authorship, Trust, And Time In An Accelerated Age, Michael J. Miller, Chatgpt (Ai~Nesbo+)

Psychology

In this paper, we propose a new test for scientific accountability in the era of artificial intelligence: the Obverse Turing Test for Authorship. While the traditional Turing test focuses on a machine's ability to mimic human intelligence, our test addresses the question: when should a scientific contribution involving artificial intelligence be attributed joint authorship? We argue that more and more authors are using AI in the idea generation and elaboration stages of their work, but rarely acknowledge this use explicitly. To examine this gap, we analyze examples of human–AI interactions across fields and propose a new approach to authorship based …


Mit 815: Ai In Education, Elodie Jones Jan 2026

Mit 815: Ai In Education, Elodie Jones

All Open Educational Resources

MIT 815: AI in Education is a comprehensive 3-hour graduate course exploring the transformative intersection of artificial intelligence and educational practices, designed for educators, instructional designers, and leaders. The curriculum covers essential topics, including the history and foundation of AI, a framework for AI Literacy, AI ethics and safety, and practical skills for implementing and evaluating AI-driven educational solutions, including AI-based education policies or guidelines.


Proposing Augmented Reality Game-Based Learning For Higher Education, Anna C. Zaldivar Dec 2025

Proposing Augmented Reality Game-Based Learning For Higher Education, Anna C. Zaldivar

The Scholarship Without Borders Journal

Simulating the role of an instructional technologist, negotiation takes place to implement the AR technology for use in a higher education institution. There are arguments both for and against the use of augmented reality for higher education. Overall, examining and highlighting these arguments to make an important decision that will shape learners' future. Using BATNA and examining arguments during the negotiation process.


Exploring Generative Artificial Intelligence (Genai) And Developing Ai Competencies Through Joint Media Engagement In Family Settings, Tolulope Famaye Dec 2025

Exploring Generative Artificial Intelligence (Genai) And Developing Ai Competencies Through Joint Media Engagement In Family Settings, Tolulope Famaye

All Dissertations

As generative AI (GenAI) becomes increasingly prevalent, institutions seek to understand how students can explore AI in classrooms and develop AI literacy. However, little is known about how, families use these Large Language Models (LLMs) at home and how such engagement supports the development of foundational AI literacy skills. This study examines family engagement with generative AI to understand how AI competencies develops outside formal classrooms and to provide insights for designing contextually relevant AI learning experiences in schools. The study employs a single case study design, integrating quantitative analysis, thematic analysis, and quantitative ethnography to examine and analyze data …


Agricultural Extension Agents’ Current Usage Of Social Media In Extension Work And Challenges They Face, Howard M. Wallace Ii, K. S. U. Jayaratne, Wendy Warner, J. Dara Bloom, Julia Mckeown Nov 2025

Agricultural Extension Agents’ Current Usage Of Social Media In Extension Work And Challenges They Face, Howard M. Wallace Ii, K. S. U. Jayaratne, Wendy Warner, J. Dara Bloom, Julia Mckeown

Journal of Extension

The purpose of this descriptive survey research study was to determine Agricultural Extension Agents’ (AEA) current usage and challenges faced when using social media in their work. AEAs primarily utilized social media to distribute announcements about upcoming events and programs, market extension programs, and share information with clients. They did not use social media to communicate with extension advisory groups, evaluate extension educational program impacts, or conduct needs assessments. This study identifies the major challenges AEAs face such as lack of organizational support when they use social media and makes recommendations to face those challenges proactively.


Investigating The Relationship Between Noun Classes And Plant Folk Taxonomy In Chasu Language Of Kilimanjaro Region In Tanzania, Peter Rabson Mziray Nov 2025

Investigating The Relationship Between Noun Classes And Plant Folk Taxonomy In Chasu Language Of Kilimanjaro Region In Tanzania, Peter Rabson Mziray

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

The current study investigates the relationship between noun classes and plant folk taxonomy in Chasu (G 22). The study focuses on two objectives: the first objective is to describe the plant folk taxonomy in Chasu and the second objective is to determine the relationship between noun classes and plant folk taxonomy in Chasu. Data were collected from rural villages in Same and Mwanga districts by using free listing, field interviews (jungle-walk-and-identify), and written texts containing Chasu plant names. The findings reveal that Chasu folk taxonomy reflects different ethnobotanical categories; including a unique beginner which is mmea/mimea ‘plant(s)’, and three life …


9th Gsep Research Symposium - 2025 Oct 2025

9th Gsep Research Symposium - 2025

GSEP Research Symposium

The Ninth Annual GSEP Research Symposium, themed "Building Bridges to Elevate Humanity: Innovations and Insights in Education and Psychology", was hosted by the Pepperdine University Graduate School of Education and Psychology (GSEP) on June 19–20, 2025, at the historic Château d’Hauteville in Switzerland and virtually via Zoom.

This hybrid symposium convened a vibrant global community of students, alumni, faculty, and scholars to share research that addresses real-world challenges, advances scholarly inquiry, and builds pathways for inclusive collaboration and leadership. Spanning a wide array of topics—from artificial intelligence and mental health to trauma-informed practices, educational equity, social justice, and cross-cultural leadership—the …


The Impact Of Year-Long Teaching Symposium On Faculty Implementation Of Evidence-Based Education Approaches, Julie A. Honaker, Joan Besing, Radhika Aravamudhan, Loretta Nunez Oct 2025

The Impact Of Year-Long Teaching Symposium On Faculty Implementation Of Evidence-Based Education Approaches, Julie A. Honaker, Joan Besing, Radhika Aravamudhan, Loretta Nunez

Teaching and Learning in Communication Sciences & Disorders

On May 17-28, 2021, the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) launched a two-week teaching symposium on Foundational Communication Sciences and Disorders (CSD) science courses and innovation in teaching and learning: speech, language, and hearing sciences. Participants also joined asynchronous threaded discussions and a series of synchronous peer-based online discussions. Ninety-four participants completed a teaching symposium pre-assessment and two post-assessment surveys, and quantitative and qualitative results were reviewed across all time points. All 94 participants indicated motivation to use evidence-based strategies to improve teaching and students’ learning after participation, reinforcing the need for continued review and faculty engagement in these topics.


Digital Transformation In Jamaica's Education Sector, Grace Willis Aug 2025

Digital Transformation In Jamaica's Education Sector, Grace Willis

Capstone Collection

Digital transformation in Jamaica’s education sector, significantly spurred by the COVID-19 pandemic, represented a seismic shift on this small Caribbean island I call home. This transformation was central to national education reform and involved multiple projects aimed at modernizing educational delivery, infrastructure, and the supporting ecosystem. This study explored the multifaceted implications of these initiatives through qualitative research conducted with ten key stakeholders, complemented by a review of publicly available materials. Interviewees included school administrators, Information Technology (IT) teachers, funding sponsors, representatives from national education bodies, and international development agencies engaged in domestic strategic efforts. Participants were recruited through cold …


Examining The Influence Of Hedonic Motivation And Willingness To Use Ai On Teacher’S Perceived Importance Of Instructional Practices And Student Engagement, Jacob Sands Aug 2025

Examining The Influence Of Hedonic Motivation And Willingness To Use Ai On Teacher’S Perceived Importance Of Instructional Practices And Student Engagement, Jacob Sands

The Scholarship Without Borders Journal

The study investigates the relationship between teachers' hedonic motivation to use artificial intelligence (AI), their willingness to accept AI devices, and their perceptions of the importance of instructional practices and student needs. Using a quantitative, predictive, and non-experimental research design, the study aims to determine to what extent hedonic motivation and willingness to adopt AI devices predict teachers’ perceived importance of instructional practices and students. Data will be collected from teachers in Los Angeles County using subscales from the Artificial Intelligence Interaction Model (AIMM) to measure hedonic motivation and willingness to accept AI, and the Importance of Teaching Knowledge Scale …


Textbook Cost And Interactivity: Comparing Equity Outcomes And Student Perceptions, Brandilynn J. Villarreal, Kimberly N. White, Kimberly Vincent-Layton, Alice Zhang, Francesca Messina, Christopher W. Harmon Aug 2025

Textbook Cost And Interactivity: Comparing Equity Outcomes And Student Perceptions, Brandilynn J. Villarreal, Kimberly N. White, Kimberly Vincent-Layton, Alice Zhang, Francesca Messina, Christopher W. Harmon

Journal of Educational Research and Practice

Significant equity gaps in introductory STEM courses create barriers in the STEM pathway. The current study investigated the impact of equitable access to course resources in the form of different e-textbooks in an introductory chemistry course. The purpose of the study was to determine if the use of a free textbook and/or the use of an interactive textbook enhances students’ academic performance, especially among students from marginalized backgrounds. We analyzed equity data for 199 general chemistry students. Overall, the pattern of course equity gaps suggests there was a positive impact of implementing a free textbook on students’ grades, with the …


Soybean Oil-Derived Acrylate/Methacrylate Ether For High Resolution Additive Manufacturing (3d Printing) Technology, Tanuj Patel May 2025

Soybean Oil-Derived Acrylate/Methacrylate Ether For High Resolution Additive Manufacturing (3d Printing) Technology, Tanuj Patel

Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Additive Manufacturing is one of the rapidly developing techniques, as industries continue to explore new ways to create prototypes and end-use parts, one of the significant challenges that remains is the reliance on petroleum-based plastics for 3D printing, especially in the production of photocurable resins. that may be used to prototype complex structures and sophisticated geometries that are typically challenging to produce with conventional methods. Thus, replacing petroleum-based plastics with renewable resources is increasingly important for additive manufacturing (3D printing) of photocurable resins. The use of bio-based renewable resources in AM is a feasible alternative to traditional petroleum-based plastics. Henceforth, …


Mechanically Robust, Self-Healable, And Reprocessable Geraniol Based Epoxy Vitrimer By Boronic Ester Dynamic Cross-Links, Dharmikkumar Patel May 2025

Mechanically Robust, Self-Healable, And Reprocessable Geraniol Based Epoxy Vitrimer By Boronic Ester Dynamic Cross-Links, Dharmikkumar Patel

Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Covalent Adaptable Networks (CANs) are a pioneering family of polymers that have garnered significant attention in recent years and are characterized by covalent crosslinks that exhibit reversible dynamic alterations by external stimuli. Additionally, unlike traditional thermosets, CAN’s especially vitrimers, offer a range of properties such as self-healing, reprocessability, shape-memory, and recycling capabilities due to the dynamic feature of covalent crosslinks. Recently, an increasing trend in the global production of thermosets involves rapid consumption of petroleum-based resources, which has become a growing environmental concern. From this perspective, the development of eco-friendly thermosets from bio-based feedstocks is a possible way to overcome …


Mobile Application For Historical Markers*, Kellen Erskine, Harvey Alférez Apr 2025

Mobile Application For Historical Markers*, Kellen Erskine, Harvey Alférez

Campus Research Month

Students find it challenging to engage in their local history solely through in-class instruction. Traditionally, teachers remedy this by organizing field trips. However, field trips can be challenging because they are costly, time-consuming, and a liability to the school. Because of these issues, teachers cannot take the students on as many field trips as they would like. The solution is a web app that allows students to discover the historical sites in their areas. This enables the students to independently visit historical sites and gain the valuable out-of-classroom experience that field trips can help with. The web app was introduced …


Powerpoint Slide Hierarchy Template, Kimberly S. Ervin Mar 2025

Powerpoint Slide Hierarchy Template, Kimberly S. Ervin

All Faculty Scholarship

This PowerPoint template is designed to enhance content organization and learner accessibility through a clear visual hierarchy of information. The template features four distinct slide layouts that work together to create an intuitive learning structure:

  1. Major topics 1 (H1) slides establish main topics with distinct visual formatting, serving as clear section markers that learners can easily locate when reviewing materials.

  2. Subtopics (H2) slides (when needed) use related but differentiated styling from H1 slides to show relationships between concepts while maintaining visual distinction.

  3. Sub–Subtopics (H3) slides (when needed) use related but differentiated styling from H1 and H2 slides to show relationships …


Secondary Stage Students' Perceptions Regarding (Myschool) Learning Management System's Role In Learning English, Huda Ali Sallam Feb 2025

Secondary Stage Students' Perceptions Regarding (Myschool) Learning Management System's Role In Learning English, Huda Ali Sallam

Journal of Human Services: Training, Research, and Practice

This study set out to explore students' opinions and self-efficacy level in relation to the use of MySchool learning management system. The study has added focus on its usefulness in facilitating English language learning. The study sample involved 420 female secondary stage students within one educational district in Riyadh. The study instrument is a 24-item closed-ended questionnaire which was distributed using a Microsoft Forms link. The items of the questionnaire were divided into four main elements: perceived practicality, perceived usefulness, general satisfaction, and sense of self-efficacy. The obtained data was subsequently analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) 24 …


Experiencing The Shift: How Experiential Blended Learning Professional Development Enhances Teacher Self-Efficacy, Shannon N. Tabaldo, Ashley L. Ireland Jan 2025

Experiencing The Shift: How Experiential Blended Learning Professional Development Enhances Teacher Self-Efficacy, Shannon N. Tabaldo, Ashley L. Ireland

Journal of Catholic Education

This qualitative study examines how participation in a multi-year, experiential professional development program—the Academy of Blended Learning (ABL)—shaped teachers’ perceived self-efficacy in implementing blended learning. Grounded in Bandura’s self-efficacy theory, Bruner’s constructivism, and Knowles’ adult learning principles, the study drew on semi-structured interviews and instructional artifacts from eight teachers in Catholic schools serving historically marginalized communities in California. Findings suggest that ABL participation was associated with increased instructional confidence, a stronger sense of professional purpose, and greater enthusiasm for student-centered, technology-enhanced learning. Teachers attributed these shifts to ABL’s design, which emphasized active participation, collaborative inquiry, differentiated instruction, and development of …


Personalized Physics Learning Through Ai: Insights From Problem Generation, Chatbot Dialogues, And Intelligent Tutoring Systems, Atharva Dange Jan 2025

Personalized Physics Learning Through Ai: Insights From Problem Generation, Chatbot Dialogues, And Intelligent Tutoring Systems, Atharva Dange

Physics Dissertations - Archive

Artificial intelligence (AI) is poised to transform science education, yet questions remain on how best to integrate these technologies into teaching and learning. This dissertation investigates the use of AI-driven tools in university physics courses through three complementary studies. In the first study, a generative language model (ChatGPT) was used to create novel physics homework problems aligned with course objectives. Analysis showed that, after expert vetting, AI-generated questions can foster higher-order problem-solving and reduce student reliance on solution memorization, though careful instructor oversight is required to ensure accuracy. The second study embedded an AI chatbot as a learning aid in …


Motivating Students Through Problem-Based And Project-Based Learning, Dennis J. Moore Jan 2025

Motivating Students Through Problem-Based And Project-Based Learning, Dennis J. Moore

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

ABSTRACT

As educators, motivating students can be a difficult task.Sixteen eighth-grade students discuss their perceptions of what makes educational programs motivating. In teacher-centered classrooms, teachers lecture while their students take notes, quizzes, and tests and practice memorization skills in preparation for high-stakes testing. Is this a fair assessment of a student's knowledge, and does this type of instruction fulfill students’ needs for a successful future? Research for this case study focused on students' perceptions of an agricultural program that utilizes problem-based and project-based learning with a sustainability focus.

In problem-based learning (PBL) classes, students are given real-world problems and asked …


Hypnosis And Mindfulness Audio Recordings For Reducing Fatigue In Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Controlled Study, Mark P. Jensen, Susan Robles, Michael G. Nash, Susanne May, Dwan M. Ehde, Melissa A. Day, Owen Gottlieb, Laurence I. Sugarman, Kevin N. Alschuler Jan 2025

Hypnosis And Mindfulness Audio Recordings For Reducing Fatigue In Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Controlled Study, Mark P. Jensen, Susan Robles, Michael G. Nash, Susanne May, Dwan M. Ehde, Melissa A. Day, Owen Gottlieb, Laurence I. Sugarman, Kevin N. Alschuler

Articles

Background

Fatigue is a common problem in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Objective

The objective was to evaluate the effects on fatigue of having 4 weeks of

access to audio recordings of therapeutic hypnosis (HYP) and mindfulness meditation

(MM) practices.

Methods

A total of 333 individuals with MS and fatigue were randomly assigned to

one of the three treatment conditions for 28 weeks: (1) access to therapeutic HYP audio

recordings, (2) access to MM audio recordings, or (3) no access to recordings

(treatment as usual or TAU). Fatigue impact (primary outcome) and other outcomes

were assessed at 4, 16, and …


Culturally Responsive Social Emotional Learning Intervention On Parents And Its Impact On Family Well-Being, May Duong Jan 2025

Culturally Responsive Social Emotional Learning Intervention On Parents And Its Impact On Family Well-Being, May Duong

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

This study examines how Social-Emotional Learning (SEL)-based parent education can bridge cultural divides and strengthen family-school partnerships in increasingly diverse educational settings. Conducted at an independent California elementary school where student demographics shifted to become more diverse in the last ten years, the research addresses a critical gap: while parent education is essential to child development, it remains overlooked in SEL implementation. The research investigates whether Western-based SEL frameworks, which emphasize individualism, can effectively support families from collectivist cultures. Through the EQ Gym program—a culturally responsive parent education initiative—the study explores three key questions: how school-based SEL research can address …


Practical Considerations For Xr Technologies Implementation In The Elementary School Curriculum, Tracey Jackson, Oscar Valenzuela, Linda Lee, Chloe Ford Dec 2024

Practical Considerations For Xr Technologies Implementation In The Elementary School Curriculum, Tracey Jackson, Oscar Valenzuela, Linda Lee, Chloe Ford

The Scholarship Without Borders Journal

One of the modalities of the digital landscape that is gaining attention is extended reality (XR), a term that is used to encompass all technologies that merge the physical and virtual worlds (Marr, 2019). Through the evolving landscape of XR, students are now able to attend class, learn, and socialize with their teachers and peers from anywhere in the world. This literature review seeks to examine the existing research on practical, yet important considerations that need to be made when implementing XR technologies in the elementary school curriculum, such as instructor competency, social learning, learning transfer, and belonging.