Educational Leadership Commons^™

School Principals’ Perspectives Regarding Successful Professional Development, Kathryn L. Bauserman, Diana Quatroche, Linda E. Martin

Journal of Educational Research and Practice

This descriptive study examined K–12 principals’ perspectives on providing and supporting school‑based professional development in one Midwestern state. Survey responses from 300 principals explored how they defined successful professional development, how they determined teacher learning needs, and the challenges they encountered. Findings revealed that principals valued professional development aligned with instructional improvement, yet many relied on their control of decision‑making processes. Professional development was commonly delivered by school or district personnel, funded through limited local and state resources, and typically offered in short sessions. Principals identified success through surveys, observations, and student achievement data while noting challenges related to funding, …

From Learner To Leader: Exploring Principals' Perspectives On Professional Learning, Development, And Mentoring, Eric William Kausch

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This purpose of this qualitative study was to examine veteran secondary school principals’ engagement in professional learning, development, and mentoring for the improvement of their leadership skills. While previous literature provides insight into administrative preparation programs, mentoring of novice leaders, and succession planning for those advancing their careers, there are fewer studies that discuss enhancing experienced principals’ leadership development. The study was guided by three research questions: (1) How do principals describe their experiences participating in professional learning and development? (2) What types of leadership experiences do principals engage in to improve their leadership skills? and (3) How does engaging …

Principals’ Perceptions On How Artificial Intelligence (Ai) Is Used In Schools By Administrators, Teachers, And Students: A Mixed Method Research Study, Dianna M. Sopala

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

Abstract

In the same way electricity changed how people lived, artificial intelligence (AI) is being hailed as that next transformative technology that will change every aspect of daily living, including education.  As AI is in its infancy and humans are just beginning to make sense of this new technology, educators are trying to integrate it into the educational landscape.  While many technologies are often initiated at the district level, school principals are often charged with leading the adoption and implementation of new technologies within their school.  Additionally, New Jersey has decided to invest $165 million dollars into being the artificial …

Principals’ Questioning Practices As Drivers Of Innovation And School Improvement, Miguel M. Gonzales, Tiberio Garza, Elizabeth Leon

School Leadership Review

The art of asking questions plays a pivotal role in leadership and organizational change. This study examined the questioning practices of school principals for school improvement. The Discovery Skill of questioning, as illustrated in the Innovator’s DNA Framework outlined by Dyer and colleagues (2019), was adopted as the guiding framework. Data were gathered with a survey with open-response items from 124 school principals on their questioning behaviors for school improvement. Findings showed principals’ questioning from the qualitative investigation confirmed that most principal questioning habits resided in the description territory within the Innovator’s DNA Framework context. The findings suggest that school …

A Case Study Of Experiential Learning In A High-Poverty Middle School, Diona F. Brown

Dissertations

This study examined the impact of experiential learning on student achievement in a high-poverty Title I middle school and explored how school leaders perceive and support its implementation. Grounded in experiential learning, active learning, and social justice theories, this research aimed to better understand how instructional practices can improve outcomes for students facing economic and educational challenges. A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was used. Quantitative data were collected through pre- and post-assessments administered to two groups of eighth-grade mathematics students: one receiving experiential learning instruction and the other receiving traditional instruction. Qualitative data were collected through surveys of school administrators …

Building Leadership Capacity In Rural Schools: A Regional University Partnership, Chelsea Feusner, Aprille Phillips, Po Hu, Michael Teahon

The Rural Educator

The roles of school building and district administrators in rural areas have expanded in the last decade. Expanded responsibilities are amplified in rural school districts where there are fewer administrators to assume a multiplicity of roles. Additionally, educator shortages make it increasingly challenging to recruit and retain school leaders. While larger school districts in metropolitan areas have developed ongoing professional development and support programs to help school leaders meet the ever shifting and complex expectations placed upon them, school administrators in relatively rural regions receive less support. The purpose of this quantitative study was to explore leadership constructs believed to …

Principals' Ethical Decision-Making In Addressing Cyberbullying: A Systematic Review, Jeana M. Partin, Sonya D. Hayes

School Leadership Review

Principals’ ethical decision-making in response to cyberbullying presents some of the most complex challenges in K–12 leadership, as issues extend beyond the classroom into digital spaces. National data from 2019–20 indicate that bullying and cyberbullying remain among the most prevalent discipline problems in U.S. public schools, underscoring the urgency of effective leadership in this area. This systematic review examined how principals address and manage cyberbullying by analyzing peer-reviewed empirical studies published between 2012 and 2025 on decision-making and leadership. Three themes emerged: technology-related challenges, policy implementation, and stakeholder education. Findings highlight principals’ pivotal role in prevention and intervention, emphasizing the …

Preparing Aspiring School Administrators For Data-Informed Decision-Making, Brandi March

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

School leaders significantly impact student outcomes based on their ability to influence school culture, climate, and student engagement. They are essential for driving school achievement and instructional improvement. As educational policies increasingly emphasize data usage, leaders must utilize various data sources in a problem-solving process known as datainformed decision-making (DIDM) to effectively guide their school improvement plans. Using DIDM effectively can enhance instruction and student achievement when school administrators and teachers have access to quality training that builds a strong foundation in data literacy skills. It is critical for administrators to provide high-quality professional development for teachers on DIDM to …

State Of Illinois Model Programs Of Study Companion Guide, Education Systems Center

Reports, Analyses, and other Publications

This resource is intended to enhance the use of the State of Illinois Model Programs of Study Guides by focusing on the development and implementation of high-quality college and career pathways. Grounded in the state’s vision for equitable access to meaningful postsecondary opportunities, this resource supports educators, CTE directors, and administrators in designing programs of study that align secondary education with postsecondary credentials and careers. By bridging academic instruction, work-based learning, and student supports, this guide helps ensure that all learners are on a clear and unambiguous path to success after high school.

The Impact Of Principals’ And Mexican American Parents’ Preset Perspectives On Parental Involvement And What It Means For Student Achievement, Brenda Fouse

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Parental involvement is crucial to increasing student achievement. However, elementary school principals do not always know how to provide effective parental involvement opportunities, particularly for second-generation Mexican American families. This phenomenological qualitative study was designed to improve the understanding of and describe the lived experiences of second-generation Mexican American families and their relationships with schools. A purposive sample of five second-generation Mexican American parents and five elementary school principals participated in semistructured audio and video interviews. The study offered insight into principals’ mindsets as they provided parental involvement opportunities for the families they serve. The major parental themes identified in …

K-12 Principals Who Persist In Their Principalship Despite Challenges In Urban Schools, Monique Nicole Durham

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The problem that was addressed through this study is the approximately 13% attrition of K-12 principals in a large urban school district in the Mid-Atlantic region, exceeding the national average. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the perspectives of K-12 principals who had persisted in their roles despite the significant challenges in leading urban schools. The study was grounded in the job demands-resources theory, which posits that job demands could lead to burnout, while job resources help employees cope with challenges, thereby fostering resilience. For this basic qualitative design, data were collected from semistructured interviews with 12 …

Effective Principals In 2025 From The Lens Of The Supervisor, Cynthia Martinez-Garcia, Clare A. Resilla, Julie P. Combs

School Leadership Review

The ever-changing and complex nature of school leadership requires schools to have principals who have strong leadership skills and experience. In this study, the researchers sought to define the essence of effective principals through the lens of their supervisors. Using phenomenological inquiry, we interviewed four assistant superintendents of large school districts in the Greater Houston area. These supervisors, who supervise several school principals, believe successful principals are passionate, driven leaders with well-developed leadership and communication skills who can accurately assess the school culture and the level of teacher buy-in. Implications for training principals and future research are shared.

Understanding Ai In Education: Perspectives From Midwest School Stakeholder, Chelsea Feusner, Bryan Artman, Judy Henning, Michael Teahon, Chris Knoell

School Leadership Review

This research project aimed to delve into the perceptions and comprehension of artificial intelligence (AI) policy and usage among key stakeholders in Midwest schools, including superintendents, principals, teachers, and school librarians. This qualitative study explored the nuanced perspectives and insights of these individuals, shedding light on their understanding, concerns, and attitudes towards the integration of AI technologies within educational settings. Through in-depth focus groups and thematic analysis, the study endeavors to contribute valuable insights into the evolving landscape of AI in education, informing policy decisions and educational practices for the benefit of students and educators alike.

The Reality Of Secondary School Principals In Palestine’S Practice Of Entrepreneurial Leadership And Its Relationship To Some Variables, Sanaa H. Abuhelal, Khaled A. Al-Sarairah

An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities)

Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify the reality of public secondary school principals in Palestine practicing entrepreneurial leadership, from the point of view of the principals and teachers working with them, and its relationship to the variables of gender, academic qualification, and job. Method: To achieve the objectives of the study the descriptive survey method was used, and the study sample consisted of (332) individuals (79 principals and 252 teachers). To collect data, a questionnaire was developed as a tool for the study, it included (35) items divided into five dimensions: strategic vision, risk tolerance, creativity, proactiveness, …

An Exploration Of Teacher Exodus In Predominantly African American Secondary Public Schools Amid Covid-19, Keith Demond Ford

Educational Leadership & Policy Studies Dissertations - Archive

For some time, K-12 teachers across America have been resigning from classrooms in large numbers. Like many of the nation’s communities, schools in American neighborhoods of color have seen an overwhelming amount of teacher resignations amid the COVID-19 pandemic. According to existing literature, education’s traditional systemic norms and health protocols which were initiated during COVID-19 motivated classroom teachers to leave their jobs. This qualitative study uses a phenomenological methodology as it discovers that an interrelatedness of factors influences six participants to resign from their classroom teaching roles at predominantly African American middle and high schools during and immediately following …

Exploring Educator Burnout: Experiences And Perceptions Of Teachers And Principals In Canadian K-12 Seventh-Day Adventist Schools, David Anthony Elias

Dissertations

Problem

Burnout among educators is a growing concern, particularly within faith-based school systems where teachers often balance high professional expectations with spiritual commitments. In K-12 Canadian Seventh-day Adventist (SDA) schools, limited research has explored how burnout manifests, the factors contributing to it, and its impact on teacher retention. This study aimed to examine the levels and causes of burnout among SDA educators, as well as the systemic factors influencing their experiences.

Method

This study employed an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. Quantitative data were collected using the Maslach Burnout Inventory – Educators Survey (MBI-ES) to measure emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced …

From Preparation To Practice: How Principals Engage Families In Diverse School Settings, Morgan Garner

Ed.D. Dissertations

Rural, urban, and suburban school principals faced distinct challenges in engaging families and fostering positive school climates. Recognizing the need for tailored leadership strategies, it was essential for principal preparation programs to provide context-specific training. The purpose of basic interpretive qualitative study was to explore the relationship between principals’ approaches to school management in rural, urban, and suburban schools and how their preparation programs facilitated the development of these approaches. Forty-six principals participated in the study, and I collected data through a questionnaire based on a parental involvement framework. The analysis revealed key differences in strategies; rural principals emphasized community …

Campus Principals’ Actions And Perceptions That Contribute To The Direct Impact Of Teacher Retention, Efrain D. Reyna

Theses and Dissertations

This study focused on factors that suburban principals could perform to increase teacher retention. A suburban school district in the southwest area of Texas was selected to participate in this research. Principals were chosen and interviewed. Teachers from the selected school district were chosen to participate in a focus group. This qualitative single case study research was focused on the individual perspectives from six different principals, and eighteen teachers. Both participant groups, principals and teachers, were then interviewed to discover if the principal’s actions directly impacted their decision to remain teaching.

Analyzing Teachers' Perceptions Of A Principal's Instructional Leadership Practices On A Dual Language Campus Using The Blase And Blase Reflective Growth Model, Selene Canales-Garcia

Theses and Dissertations

As the research base in support of dual language instruction become stronger and more widely recognized, dual language instruction program popularity has risen and the number of programs implemented across the United States has grown (Christian, 2018). Demand for qualified teachers and school administrators is high, but teacher supply has not risen commensurately (Kennedy, 2018b). Therefore, the problem lies in principals having to prepare and provide the necessary supports and professional development for bilingual teachers. The purpose of this research is to explore teachers' perceptions of the principal's instructional leadership practices using the theoretical framework of the Blase Reflective Growth …

The Emotional Intelligence Of Elementary Principals And The Impact On Culture, Colleen Conway

Dissertations

This study involved examining the emotional intelligence (EI) of elementary principals and then comparing their EI to their ratings on the Illinois 5Essentials survey. The main questions were: Is there a relationship between principal EI and school culture? How do principals create a positive working environment? What is needed to build and maintain a positive school atmosphere? Throughout this qualitative research, more specific questions centered around principal relationships and trust, creating supportive environments, having strong communication and accountability, professional development, and overall school atmosphere. Though the surveyed population was small, the results showed principals who were high in the relationship …

Why Not The School-To-Scholar Pipeline? Changing The Narrative Through School Leadership, Marne Renee Foster

Dissertations

The overrepresentation of Black students in exclusionary practices in public K–12 education, such as detention, suspension, expulsion, and misplacement into special education, contributes to the school-to-prison pipeline (STPP). This phenomenon leads to truancy, academic failure, and involvement in the juvenile justice system. In contrast, the school-to-scholar pipeline (STSP) has an inverse relationship with the STPP and views students as scholars in training, ultimately linking them to careers or college. Research has indicated that school administrators’ mindsets, along with teacher bias, play a significant role in perpetuating exclusionary practices and racial disparities (Gullo & Beechum, 2020; Skiba, Chung et al., 2014). …

Learning From Each Other: Experiences Of Rural Principals In A Networked Learning Community, Jeana M. Partin, Sonya D. Hayes

The Rural Educator

Rural school principals in Tennessee face serious challenges in leading their schools, including isolation, high turnover, and a lack of instructional leadership skills. Facilitated by a state university, the Tennessee Rural Principals Network (TRPN) was developed to provide professional learning opportunities for rural school principals. The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of principals in rural schools who participated in the TRPN during the years 2019–2021 (n = 133). The study used a basic qualitative research design with semi-structured interviews of 12 participants. Through our data analysis, key learning strengths and challenges were identified and organized …

Barriers That Exemplary Principals Have Overcome To Increase Parent Participation At The School Site, Sandra Quintanilla

Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore the barriers exemplary principals have overcome to increase parent involvement at their school sites. This study explored how principals develop strategies to overcome barriers impeding parent involvement. Using those strategies, principals enhance parent involvement at their school sites.

Methodology: A phenomenological qualitative study was conducted, consisting of interviews to collect data from elementary school principals who have successful parent involvement at their school sites. First, the principals were interviewed in 60 min sessions. The data collected were analyzed to understand individuals’ beliefs and motivation.

Findings: Data analysis revealed that …

From Teacher Attrition To Teacher Retention: The Role Of School Principals, Karen Balmer

All Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This quantitative study explored the role of school principals as an intervention to the teacher shortage crisis in the United States. The shortage of teachers is not a new topic in public policy and research; however, the strategies set forth in prior literature have not yielded substantive change to this stubborn problem. Using data from the 2020–2021 National Teacher and Principal Survey, this study analyzed the relationship between the perceptions of early career teachers (within the first 5 years of teaching) about behaviors of their school principals and these teachers’ intentions to remain in the teaching profession. Specifically, this study …

Black Principals’ Navigation Of Politically Conservative Challenges To Public School Curricula: Effects On Administrator Attrition, Hamisi Tarrant

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

This qualitative study explored the experiences and perceptions of Black principals regarding the influence of politically conservative efforts on diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives; critical race theory (CRT); and curriculum related to slavery in K–12 schools. The study was grounded in the increasing politicization of education, particularly as it pertained to race and identity, and examined how Black school leaders navigate these pressures. A review of the literature revealed the persistent challenges faced by Black principals, including racial discrimination, professional isolation, and a lack of support systems, compounded by the rise of conservative ideologies in education. The research sought …

Exploring The Discretion Of Principals In The Implementation Of Language Policy: A Case Of French In Secondary Schools In Kakamega County, Kenya., Samson Oduor Otieno

Master of Education

Principals, as street-level bureaucrats, play a monumental role in shaping policy outcomes through the interpretation and operationalization of policies in schools. They have substantial discretion to modify policies thereby being ‘policymakers.’ The present study explored the discretion of principals in implementing the language policy regarding French in secondary schools in Kenya. A qualitative case study approach was used to examine the principals’ understanding of the language policy in Kenya, the discretion that principals have in policy implementation, and the effects of these discretionary powers in two purposively selected secondary schools in Fierte County, one with a principal trained in French …

Book Challenges Popping Up All Over: What Do School Principals Need To Know?, Samantha Laine Hull, Sue Kimmel

STEMPS Faculty Publications

This chapter provides practical advice and reasons for school leaders to support students' intellectual freedom through their support of school libraries and school librarians. The chapter begins with a short but critical literature review that includes case law on the topic of censorship in schools. The concerns of teachers and librarians from a recent study are summarized and help build the foundation for practical and ready to use advice for any school leaders to uphold the intellectual freedom of all students.

A Qualitative Case Study: Exploring Elementary Principals’ And Teachers’ Perceptions Of Teacher Leadership, Cathy De Leon

Theses and Dissertations

This qualitative case study examined the perceptions of one principal and 10 teachers from a school district in the Rio Grande Valley regarding how leadership is distributed in their schools through the lens of distributed leadership. This study contributes to the small body of literature regarding teacher leadership to foster dialogue and potentially provide opportunities for teachers to take on leadership roles. Recently, the expectations for schools have increased to the extent that leaders are now expected to ensure all students are learning at prominent levels. Today’s public-school principals may benefit from the support of teacher leaders. Results of …

Reflections Of Elementary Principals Leading Through Disruption And Crisis: An Exploration Of Pandemic Leadership, Nicole Renee Peterson

Dissertations

COVID-19 had a tremendous impact on schools across the globe. Educational leaders had to respond to executive orders quickly. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines focused on mandates regarding students’ and staff’s educational, health, and social-emotional needs. This study explored and described the experience and reflections of elementary principals and their staff members during this disruptive time in history.

This qualitative multiple case study involved the interviews of five elementary principals and staff focus groups from each of their buildings. The overarching research questions were: (a) How do principals describe, metacognitively process, and make meaning of their response …

Distribution Of Instructional Leadership Roles Within A School Organization, Zora Wolfe, Kim-Kathie Knudsen, Abbie Mahaffey

Excelsior: Leadership in Teaching and Learning

Educational leaders are tasked with many managerial responsibilities as well as instructional leadership roles. However, effective instructional leadership is a critical factor in improving student achievement. The purpose of this study was to explore how instructional leadership is distributed within a school organization, specifically examining the perceptions of district, building, and teacher leaders in relation to their roles in instructional leadership and the barriers to effective instructional leadership. Qualitative interviews were conducted with district office leaders, building leaders, and instructional coaches, and their responses to the questions were reviewed, categorized, and coded using Crewell’s Data Analysis Spiral (2011).

Data from …