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Full-Text Articles in Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research

Understanding The Challenges And Satisfaction Among The Medical Professional Preceptors, Cornelia Ko Jan 2025

Understanding The Challenges And Satisfaction Among The Medical Professional Preceptors, Cornelia Ko

West Chester University Doctoral Projects

This study evaluates the Penn Medicine Family Medicine Clerkship program through a mixed-methods approach, exploring the challenges and factors influencing the satisfaction of medical professional preceptors when precepting students. A quantitative survey with 54 preceptor participants reveals the top challenges preceptors face: workload, conflicts with patient care, and limited clinical space. Despite this, there is strong support for the program, with 89% of preceptors enjoying the role and 85% expressing willingness to continue to precept for the next three years. Finally, data analysis shows no statistical correlation between preceptor motivation with gender, ethnicity, age group, years of serving, or total …


Bridging Language Barriers: How Secondary Teachers Support English Language Learners In The Classroom, Mason Daniel Smith Jan 2025

Bridging Language Barriers: How Secondary Teachers Support English Language Learners In The Classroom, Mason Daniel Smith

West Chester University Doctoral Projects

English Language Learners (ELLs) represent a growing student population in U.S. secondary schools, yet many educators feel underprepared to support their unique needs effectively. This mixed-methods study examines how Pennsylvania high school teachers approach the teaching of ELLs, focusing on their self-efficacy, instructional decision-making, and strategies for fostering an inclusive classroom community. Using an exploratory sequential mixed methods design, data was collected through surveys from a limited group of 40 high school educators followed by in-depth interviews with three participants. Findings revealed that while teachers express a strong desire to support ELLs, they often experience uncertainty and frustration due to …


City Tech Openlab Oer Checklist With Help Links, Andrew Mckinney, Bree Zuckerman, Cailean Cooney Jan 2025

City Tech Openlab Oer Checklist With Help Links, Andrew Mckinney, Bree Zuckerman, Cailean Cooney

Open Educational Resources

No abstract provided.


University Studies First-Year Inquiry Student Success Pilot Year 1 Report 2024 - 2025, Sarah Dougher, Lindsey Wilkinson, Rowanna L. Carpenter Jan 2025

University Studies First-Year Inquiry Student Success Pilot Year 1 Report 2024 - 2025, Sarah Dougher, Lindsey Wilkinson, Rowanna L. Carpenter

University Studies Assessment Research

During the 24-25 academic year, fourteen University Studies First-year Inquiry courses participated in a pilot supported by the Office of Student Success that embeds student support resources into course work, activities, and curricula. This is an effort to connect students more directly to support services they may need to be successful at PSU, to increase their sense of belonging, and ultimately increase their completion of FRINQ. The Pilot is being evaluated based on academic outcomes, PSU resource use, and measures of efficacy and belonging. For Information about our evaluation methods and data sources, please see the full report and the …


Teacher Practice Improvement Tool: A Summary Of The Underpinning Research, Fabienne Van Der Kleij, Marijne Medhurst, Michelle Lasen, Christina Rogers, Pauline Taylor-Guy Jan 2025

Teacher Practice Improvement Tool: A Summary Of The Underpinning Research, Fabienne Van Der Kleij, Marijne Medhurst, Michelle Lasen, Christina Rogers, Pauline Taylor-Guy

School and system improvement

In 2025, ACER published the Teacher Practice Improvement Tool (TPIT), as part of its family of improvement tools. A comprehensive review of international research was undertaken to inform the development of the TPIT, which resulted in the inductive development of five inter-related domains that holistically capture the practices of highly effective teachers. This document summarises the research evidence underpinning each of the five domains of the TPIT, drawing on a review of 102 studies. While recognising the interconnections between domains, it presents a structured narrative of key evidence and research-informed considerations for each domain. This summary offers a high-level overview …


Collaboration: Skill Development Framework. 2nd Edition, Claire Scoular, Daniel Duckworth, Jonathan Heard, Dara Ramalingam Jan 2025

Collaboration: Skill Development Framework. 2nd Edition, Claire Scoular, Daniel Duckworth, Jonathan Heard, Dara Ramalingam

Assessment and Reporting

ACER's skill development framework addresses the challenges associated with teaching and assessing collaboration. It is designed to synthesise and harmonise existing theory and research on collaboration to provide a holistic perspective. It outlines collaboration processes along prescribed strands and aspects that are informed by a sound evidence base. It is based on three strands: Building shared understanding; Collectively contributing; and Regulating the group.


Improving The Scores Of The Mathematics Texas Success Initiative Assessment 2.0 (Tsia2), Lori Lamar Moreno Jan 2025

Improving The Scores Of The Mathematics Texas Success Initiative Assessment 2.0 (Tsia2), Lori Lamar Moreno

Education Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this improvement science study was to increase mathematics readiness for the Texas Success Initiative Assessment 2.0 (TSIA2) among high school seniors in a South Texas border community. The study addressed persistently low TSIA2 mathematics passing rates, particularly among Hispanic and economically disadvantaged students. Guided by the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) framework, two improvement cycles were conducted using an embedded mixed-methods design. In Cycle 1, the Texas College Bridge (TCB), a self-paced platform built on NROC’s EdReady and the only Texas Education Agency–approved program for TSIA preparation, was implemented as the baseline intervention. Quantitative analysis indicated an 11.5% pass rate …


Fact Book, Academic Year 2024, Systems Intelligence And Data Analytics, University Of Nebraska At Omaha Jan 2025

Fact Book, Academic Year 2024, Systems Intelligence And Data Analytics, University Of Nebraska At Omaha

Fact Book

The Fact Book presents important campus information in data tables and charts. Included are details regarding students, faculty, staff, and alumni. Generally, data are broken out by college, rank, level, gender, age and ethnicity for both spring and fall semesters, past to present. There are a few academic year tables that include information on tuition & fees, student credit hours by program, and degrees conferred. We wish to thank the many individuals and departments at the University for their contributions to the Fact Book.


Competencies, Knowledge, And Skills For Chefs Working In School Nutrition Programs, Marjuyua Lartey Gibson Phd, Rdn, Jane Peterson Phd, Rdn, Kymberle Gordon Phd, Shellie R. Hubbard Ma, Travis Brewington Jan 2025

Competencies, Knowledge, And Skills For Chefs Working In School Nutrition Programs, Marjuyua Lartey Gibson Phd, Rdn, Jane Peterson Phd, Rdn, Kymberle Gordon Phd, Shellie R. Hubbard Ma, Travis Brewington

Institute of Child Nutrition, Applied Research Division

As school nutrition programs increasingly employ chefs to enhance menu quality, culinary innovation, and operational effectiveness, there is a growing need to define the competencies required for success in these roles. Building upon previous research that identified the roles, responsibilities, and impact of chefs working in school nutrition programs, this study sought to develop a comprehensive competency framework for school nutrition chefs.

The study was conducted in three phases. An expert panel of school nutrition professionals, State agency staff, United States Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Service representatives, and Culinary Institute of Child Nutrition staff first reviewed and confirmed …


Improving Onboard Training For Deck Cadets : An Analysis Through The Lens Of Learning Theories, Yusuke Mori Jan 2025

Improving Onboard Training For Deck Cadets : An Analysis Through The Lens Of Learning Theories, Yusuke Mori

World Maritime University Ph.D. Dissertations

As a critical component of skill development and identity construction for prospective seafarers, onboard training has played a central role in Maritime Education and Training (MET). Each Maritime Education and Training Institution (METI) implements distinct onboard training arrangements based on its environmental, socio-cultural, and historical context, as well as the learning theories that inform its approach. However, the absence of a rigorous examination of the factors influencing national variations in onboard training creates challenges in establishing legal norms at the international level. Furthermore, the literature has identified a wide range of issues and challenges in the implementation of onboard training, …


A Comparison Of Service Needs For Face-To-Face To Online Programs, Ali Ardalan, Roya K. Ardalan, G. Steven Rhiel Jan 2025

A Comparison Of Service Needs For Face-To-Face To Online Programs, Ali Ardalan, Roya K. Ardalan, G. Steven Rhiel

Information Technology & Decision Sciences Faculty Publications

Higher education institutions strive to gain a competitive advantage over similar programs offered by other institutions. A criterion for comparing programs is the quality of service. The definition of quality from the customer's view is "fitness for use," which incorporates the value generated by the product. Each learner may evaluate programs differently from other learners. It is impossible to develop a unique standard for program quality that is defined by a specific set of factors and specific level for each of these factors. This study presents an extensive set of factors that may affect learners' satisfaction. Higher education administrators should …


Exploring Student Engagement In Urban Public High Schools: An Improvement Science Study, Ashley Hunter Freeman Jan 2025

Exploring Student Engagement In Urban Public High Schools: An Improvement Science Study, Ashley Hunter Freeman

Doctor of Education (Ed.D.)

This Dissertation in Practice began with a simple question about student engagement and ended with a framework for systemic change. Set in Harborview Public High Schools, an urban and historically under-resourced district, the study examined how educators define engagement, the barriers that limit it, and the supports needed to strengthen it. Fragmented initiatives and inconsistent practices have hindered the development of a coherent classroom-anchored engagement strategy. Guided by an Improvement Science framework, this study used a twophase convergent mixed methods design that included questionnaires, focus groups, educator reflections, and classroom observations.

The first phase focused on professional discourse and sharing …


Trust Brokers And Connectors: Cultivation Of Trust And The Trusted Adult In High School, Vae L. Champagne Jan 2025

Trust Brokers And Connectors: Cultivation Of Trust And The Trusted Adult In High School, Vae L. Champagne

Doctor of Education (Ed.D.)

Trusted adult-student connectedness is a key lever for enhancing school safety, preventing violence, and developing a sense of belonging in high schools. However, there are no formal practices, guidelines, or policies in place to cultivate and equip trusted adults for this vital role. Therefore, this Improvement Science Dissertation in Practice (ISDiP) employs an improvement science methodology with a qualitative research design to explore how to foster a school-wide presence of trusted adults and bolster their preparedness. Through focus group interviews, a questionnaire, workshop observations, and design-based activities with youth and educators, cocreated connection tools and strategies were tested using the …


Reframing Equity Gaps: A Descriptive Analysis Of Reported Spending For Underrepresented Minorities At Illinois Community Colleges, Terrance Marshall Bond Jan 2025

Reframing Equity Gaps: A Descriptive Analysis Of Reported Spending For Underrepresented Minorities At Illinois Community Colleges, Terrance Marshall Bond

Theses and Dissertations

This quantitative descriptive analysis investigates reported institutional spending and associated equity gaps for underrepresented minority (URM) students in Illinois community colleges from FY2017-FY2021. Guided by Critical Sensemaking (CSM) theory, the study examines correlations between targeted expenditures and enrollment and completion outcomes for Black and Latinx undergraduate students. Utilizing data from Illinois Community College Board (ICCB) Underrepresented Groups (URG) reports, this research identifies patterns in institutional financial commitments toward equity initiatives, analyzing their relationship to enrollment and completion disparities. Key findings reveal substantial variability in institutional spending directed toward underrepresented minorities, despite statewide mandates and strategic goals focused on reducing equity …


2025 Conference Program, Georgia Southern University Jan 2025

2025 Conference Program, Georgia Southern University

SoTL Commons Conference

2025 Conference Program


Rasch Model Utilization Towards Developing An Instrument For Measuring Creative Drive, David W. Stenulson Jan 2025

Rasch Model Utilization Towards Developing An Instrument For Measuring Creative Drive, David W. Stenulson

Theses and Dissertations--Educational Policy Studies and Evaluation

Creativity is commonly assessed across undergraduate programs as a graduation requirement. However, a considerable amount of literature suggests that creativity is a complex, multidimensional construct, and more efficient ways of assessing it should be explored with multiple measures representing different creative aspects. This exploratory pilot study sought to take steps in developing a supplemental instrument designed to measure creative drive, a theoretical construct with predictive potential for future creative output. In order to gain a greater understanding of the nature of creative drive and gauge accuracy of initial thinking in terms of item writing, the Creative Drive Assessment (CDA), a …


Investigating The Fits And Functionality Of The Community College Survey Of Student Engagement Using Rasch Modeling, Olukemi O. Kolawole Jan 2025

Investigating The Fits And Functionality Of The Community College Survey Of Student Engagement Using Rasch Modeling, Olukemi O. Kolawole

Theses and Dissertations--Educational Policy Studies and Evaluation

Student engagement is a central variable in higher education research as it influences academic achievement, retention, and the development of problem-solving skills. The Community College Survey of Student Engagement (CCSSE) is a vital tool for assessing student engagement in community colleges. Previous validation studies were mainly conducted in the mid-to-late 2000s and have used Classical Test Theory frameworks despite the known limitations of this approach. The present study seeks to evaluate the psychometric properties of the CCSSE survey using a Rasch Analysis framework. The two CCSSE datasets were obtained from the Center for Community College Student Engagement at The University …


Technology-Enhanced Professional Development For Early Literacy: A Comparative Study Of Online Teacher Learning Models In Kenya, Constanza Uribe-Banda Jan 2025

Technology-Enhanced Professional Development For Early Literacy: A Comparative Study Of Online Teacher Learning Models In Kenya, Constanza Uribe-Banda

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Growing recognition of early literacy as essential for lifelong learning, along with evidence that teachers’ mastery of foundational literacy instruction influences student outcomes (Darling-Hammond et al., 2017; UNESCO, 2020), has led to increased investment in teacher professional development. Despite these efforts, many educators face significant challenges in accessing high-quality training, particularly in resource-constrained settings where geographical barriers and limited institutional support persist. This is especially true in rural Kenyan communities, where teachers often work in under-resourced schools with unreliable electricity and internet connectivity yet bear responsibility for laying critical literacy foundations. The present study examines the potential to deliver effective …


Translating Knowledge Of Functional Cognition Into Occupational Therapy Practice, Mckenzie R. Behrendt, Emilea Rogers, Azia Ourada, Sara Mengler, Mackenzie Post, Stacy Smallfield Jan 2025

Translating Knowledge Of Functional Cognition Into Occupational Therapy Practice, Mckenzie R. Behrendt, Emilea Rogers, Azia Ourada, Sara Mengler, Mackenzie Post, Stacy Smallfield

Translational Science in Occupation

Functional cognition is a critical component for safely and effectively performing daily occupations. Occupational therapy (OT) practitioners are uniquely positioned and trained to address functional cognition while considering a client’s abilities and environments. A multimedia e-learning module was developed as a teaching modality to enhance understanding and application of functional cognition concepts for OT students and practitioners. As educators, it is important to assess the effectiveness of the teaching and learning experiences we create. We evaluated the multimedia e-learning module for quality, value, and usefulness using critical reflection perspectives. These perspectives included a literature review, as well as from learner, …


The Impact Of Second-Year Teacher Mentoring, Jennifer Eaton Jan 2025

The Impact Of Second-Year Teacher Mentoring, Jennifer Eaton

Dissertations

Teacher retention in the United States is an ongoing problem that is affecting students around the country. States, districts, and schools have used many strategies to try to alleviate the teacher shortages. One of the most common strategies utilized is mentoring first year teachers. This mentorship helps establish the teachers in the schools and gives more of an understanding of what teaching is like on a day-to-day basis.

This research specifically examined the potential impacts a second year of mentoring could have on the second-year teacher. In the United States, nine states have moved to mentoring models lasting longer than …


Assessment Of Initial Teacher Education From The Evaluated’ Perspective: A Literature Review, Carla E. Förster, Andrea Ruffinelli, Tatiana Cisternas, Francisca Donoso Jan 2025

Assessment Of Initial Teacher Education From The Evaluated’ Perspective: A Literature Review, Carla E. Förster, Andrea Ruffinelli, Tatiana Cisternas, Francisca Donoso

Australian Journal of Teacher Education

Many quality assurance policies for teacher education are linked to the assessment of their training and although this is widely studied, the subjects’ perspectives have not been taken into consideration. This study sought to answer: how do the subjects perceive these education assessments and how do those assessments influence their training? A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) search was conducted, rendering the selection of 12 articles. The results indicate that the studies incorporating the subjects' opinions were limited to two instruments: the edTPA from the United States and LANTITE from Australia. Both the performance-based format (edTPA) and the measurement of literacy …


Measuring Emotion In Education Using Gsr And Hr Data From Wearable Devices, Qian Dong, Qingyun Wang, Rong Miao Jan 2025

Measuring Emotion In Education Using Gsr And Hr Data From Wearable Devices, Qian Dong, Qingyun Wang, Rong Miao

Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE)

The pivotal role of emotions in education is universally recognized, leading to a surge of interest in emotion recognition. Wearable devices that collect real-time and nuanced subjective physiological data make it possible to delve into the intricate emotional dynamics in education. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of research exploring its potential role in tracking the emotional shifts among students of varying levels in response to specific pedagogical strategies in face-to-face chess classroom. By analyzing both objective GSR and HR data from wearable devices and subjective data from students and teachers in chess classrooms, students at different levels had experienced distinct …


Vietnamese Efl Lecturers’ Perceptions Of The Role Of Chatgpt In Facilitating Language Acquisition Among Their Students, Thanh Thao Le, Phuong Hoang Yen Dr, Trut Thuy Pham, Ngoc Bao Chau Tran, Thi Thuy Linh Nguyen Jan 2025

Vietnamese Efl Lecturers’ Perceptions Of The Role Of Chatgpt In Facilitating Language Acquisition Among Their Students, Thanh Thao Le, Phuong Hoang Yen Dr, Trut Thuy Pham, Ngoc Bao Chau Tran, Thi Thuy Linh Nguyen

Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE)

This qualitative study investigates the perceptions of Vietnamese EFL teachers regarding the role of ChatGPT in Second Language Acquisition (SLA). Amidst the growing integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education, this research focuses on understanding how educators at different career stages perceive the effectiveness of ChatGPT in enhancing language learning experiences. Employing semi-structured interviews, the study engaged nine teachers from two educational institutions in Vietnam. Thematic analysis, guided by the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Constructivist Theory of Learning, revealed multiple roles of ChatGPT in SLA. These include its use as a conversational partner, a tool for immediate feedback, …


An Educational Framework For The Disruptive Technologies And Their Integration In The Un Sdgs Curriculum, Tulsi Pawan Fowdur, Aishani Radhakeesoon Jan 2025

An Educational Framework For The Disruptive Technologies And Their Integration In The Un Sdgs Curriculum, Tulsi Pawan Fowdur, Aishani Radhakeesoon

Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE)

Disruptive technologies such as 5G, AI, IoT, cloud computing, and blockchain are revolutionizing life on our planet and at the same time contributing immensely towards sustainable development and the achievement of the UN SDGs. Nowadays, optimizing the management of resources in various fields such as manufacturing, education, health, transportation etc. in a much more efficient way is possible. This can be achieved by capturing a wealth of real-time data via IoT sensors with the ultra-reliable and low latency connections provided by 5G. Additionally, with cloud computing, blockchain, and AI, these real-time systems can securely transmit, store, and analyze a massive …


Analyzing The Effectiveness Of The Readi System In Helping Non-Native English-Speaking Preschoolers In Sarawak Learn The Alphabet: A Pilot Study., Yen Vee Tan, Julia Ai Cheng Lee, Rehman Ullah Khan, Chwen Jen Chen, Kartini Abdul Ghani, Sarah Flora Samson Juan, Brian Chung Shiong Loh Jan 2025

Analyzing The Effectiveness Of The Readi System In Helping Non-Native English-Speaking Preschoolers In Sarawak Learn The Alphabet: A Pilot Study., Yen Vee Tan, Julia Ai Cheng Lee, Rehman Ullah Khan, Chwen Jen Chen, Kartini Abdul Ghani, Sarah Flora Samson Juan, Brian Chung Shiong Loh

Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE)

In Sarawak, Malaysia, many children come from multicultural backgrounds and are predominantly non-native English speakers making preschool education essential for developing early literacy skills in English. However, high teacher-child ratios can impede effective learning. The READi system—a module-based, multisensory, web-based early literacy intervention—was introduced as a supplementary classroom tool to address this challenge. This pilot study specifically evaluated the effectiveness of the "Alphabet Adventure" module within the READi system on enhancing alphabet knowledge, with a focus on letter recognition and letter name knowledge. The research design employed a pretest-posttest control group approach grounded in the positivist paradigm. [YT1] Participants were …


Online Learning Challenges And Coping Among U.S. College Students During Covid-19 Lockdown And Two Years After, Hayaa Alhazani, Li-Ting Chen Jan 2025

Online Learning Challenges And Coping Among U.S. College Students During Covid-19 Lockdown And Two Years After, Hayaa Alhazani, Li-Ting Chen

Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE)

There is a lack of research on comparing college students’ learning experiences during and after the COVID-19 lockdown. Moreover, little is known about the relationship between student coping and perceived online learning challenges in higher education. The present study aimed to fill in the gap. Online survey responses from 43 U.S. college students were used in this correlational study. Learning environment challenges were rated as the greatest challenges during the lockdown and two years after it. Students who had taken online classes before the lockdown rated higher levels of technological complexity during the lockdown than their counterparts. When comparing coping …


Analyzing Teachers' Perceptions Of Mobile Learning In Senior Secondary Schools: A Frame Model Perspective In Sub-Saharan Africa, Dennis Kealeboga Mabalane Junior Jan 2025

Analyzing Teachers' Perceptions Of Mobile Learning In Senior Secondary Schools: A Frame Model Perspective In Sub-Saharan Africa, Dennis Kealeboga Mabalane Junior

Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE)

The paper focuses on a systematic review of existing literature regarding the teachers’ perceptions toward mobile learning (mLearning) in public secondary schools across sub-Saharan Africa. It emphasizes that this research synthesizes previously published work rather than presenting original findings. The review identifies significant challenges and opportunities associated with mLearning implementation, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has accelerated the adoption of mobile technologies in education. Despite the growing body of literature on mLearning trends in sub-Saharan Africa, there remains a notable lack of systematic reviews specifically addressing stakeholder perceptions. This study aims to fill that gap by …


Analysis Of The Scratch Program For Computational Thinking In Schoolchildren In An Educational Institution In Peru: A Network Analysis, Rolando Oscco Solorzano Dr., Leonor Torres Matos Dr, David Aroni Palomino, Miguel Armando Alcca Huisa, Jeanny Helen Ppuño Huaricachi, Delio Merma Saico Jan 2025

Analysis Of The Scratch Program For Computational Thinking In Schoolchildren In An Educational Institution In Peru: A Network Analysis, Rolando Oscco Solorzano Dr., Leonor Torres Matos Dr, David Aroni Palomino, Miguel Armando Alcca Huisa, Jeanny Helen Ppuño Huaricachi, Delio Merma Saico

Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE)

Abstract: o analyze the relationship between the Scratch program and students’ computational thinking in an educational institution in Peru, relational research guidelines were followed with 384 regular elementary school students aged 6 to 12. The group had a higher percentage of males (52.6%) compared to females (47.4%). Two custom questionnaires were used to measure both variables. The study found that the aesthetic aspects of the Scratch program are the most significant component for developing computational thinking (=3.34; =2.34; =2.47), especially the dimension of computational practices. Limitations include a small sample size for analyzing sociodemographic variables, operationalization of computational thinking dimensions, …


Vol 18(1) Table Of Contents Jan 2025

Vol 18(1) Table Of Contents

Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE)

N/A


Role Of Assistive And Adaptive Technologies In Promoting Inclusivity In Classrooms: A Study On Special Education Trainees, Deepa Sikand Kauts Dr., Moomin Ahmad Rather Mr Jan 2025

Role Of Assistive And Adaptive Technologies In Promoting Inclusivity In Classrooms: A Study On Special Education Trainees, Deepa Sikand Kauts Dr., Moomin Ahmad Rather Mr

Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE)

Integrating assistive and adaptive technologies is vital for fostering inclusivity in special education. However, awareness and perceived impact of these tools among aspiring special educators remain underexplored. This study examined the awareness and perceived impact of assistive and adaptive technologies among 56 students enrolled in a Multiple Disabilities (MD) B.Ed. Special Education program. Validated scales with strong reliability and unidimensionality were employed, with the awareness scale explaining 70.62% of the variance and the perceived impact scale accounting for 53.68%. Descriptive and inferential analyses indicated that awareness levels ranged from basic to moderate (mean = 3.37), with a subset showing high …