Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education Commons^™

Independence In Language Learning: How Can Teachers Encourage It?, Diane Ethel Witters

MA TESOL Collection

This paper documents a teacher's exploration of independence in language learning before, during, and after an eight-week English teaching internship at the Institute Cultural Americana in Orizaba, Mexico. It examines what independence means for language students, and it defines student and teacher responsibilities in a classroom where learners are encouraged to become more self-reliant. Three strategies are outlined for promoting independence in the classroom. These strategies are: increasing communication between student and teacher to ensure that the course is relevant to the student's and teacher's goals, making the student's full range of resources more recognized and used, and having students …

The Subjunctive As An Esl Teaching Tool With Emphasis On The Modal Verbs, Burr Thomas

MA TESOL Collection

Contrary to most analyses, the subjunctive mode plays a major, if sometimes subtle, role in English grammar. Related western European languages have similar subjunctives, and examining the function of the Spanish and the morphology of the German subjunctives helps to illuminate the functions and forms of English.

There are two subjunctive forms in English, Sl and S2. Both have coalsesced with indicative forms, losing much of their saliency, the Sl to a much greater degree. For this reason, the Sl is much less common, surviving primarily in frozen formulations, Imperative Expressions, and as an adjunct to the imperative mode.

The …