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Full-Text Articles in Education

Mind Wandering In Daily Life: A National Experience Sampling Study Of Intentional And Unintentional Mind Wandering Episodes Reported By Working Adults Ages 25 – 50, Paula C. Lowe Jan 2023

Mind Wandering In Daily Life: A National Experience Sampling Study Of Intentional And Unintentional Mind Wandering Episodes Reported By Working Adults Ages 25 – 50, Paula C. Lowe

Antioch University Full-Text Dissertations & Theses

Numerous researchers have investigated thinking that drifts away from what the individual was doing, thinking that is known as mind wandering. Their inquiries were often conducted in university lab settings with student participants. To learn about mind wandering in the daily life of working adults, this experience sampling study investigated intentional and unintentional mind wandering episodes as reported by working adults, ages 25–50, living across the United States. In this age frame, work and family responsibilities have increased in complexity and overlap. Using a smartphone app, participants were randomly notified to answer experience sampling surveys six times a day for …


How Do Mathematics Teachers Design Tasks To Assess Students' Creative Thinking Ability?, Pradnyo Wijayanti, Tatag Yuli Eko Siswono, Dwi Juniati, Abadi Abadi, Sugi Hartono Dec 2022

How Do Mathematics Teachers Design Tasks To Assess Students' Creative Thinking Ability?, Pradnyo Wijayanti, Tatag Yuli Eko Siswono, Dwi Juniati, Abadi Abadi, Sugi Hartono

Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Matematika

This study aims to describe teachers' understanding of designing mathematical tasks to assess students' creative thinking abilities. The descriptive study involved 23 mathematics teachers in a city in East Java, Indonesia. The research Instrument is a task that reveals teachers' understanding of the notion of creative thinking, mathematics' problem of assessing students' creative thinking, some criteria to assess students' creative thinking, and examples of questions designed by the teacher. Data were analyzed descriptive-quantitatively and qualitatively with an iterative method consisting of data condensation, data display, and data verification. The study results indicate that teachers' understanding of creative thinking is still …


Mathematical Induction Proofing: Procedural Fluency Reviewed From The Creative Thinking Level Of Mathematics Students, Pradipta Annurwanda, Rizki Nurhana Friantini Dec 2022

Mathematical Induction Proofing: Procedural Fluency Reviewed From The Creative Thinking Level Of Mathematics Students, Pradipta Annurwanda, Rizki Nurhana Friantini

Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Matematika

Creativity in performing mathematics proof was assumed to be directed by the procedural fluency. This article examines the procedural fluency in proof based on the students' creative thinking level of mathematics. Subjects were selected pusposively to join the test and interview as the main instruments. Of the 36 students who took the test, 5 students were selected appropriate at each level of creative thinking skills to be followed with interviews.. The data were analyzed following data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion withdrawal as suggested by Miles, Huberman, and Saldana (2014). The results showed that very creative, creative, and quite creative …


Learning Patterns According To The Mccarthy Model And Its Relevance To Creative Thinking In Fencing Sport For Students, Zain Alabdin Radi Mohamed, Issam Talib Abbas Sep 2022

Learning Patterns According To The Mccarthy Model And Its Relevance To Creative Thinking In Fencing Sport For Students, Zain Alabdin Radi Mohamed, Issam Talib Abbas

Journal of STEPS for Humanities and Social Sciences

The following question was posed to outline the research problem: What is the ideal method (according to McCarthy's model) for learning the fencing game that is strongly associated with creative thinking?

The first chapter described the research method and field procedures, relying on the descriptive approach, and the study sample was divided into a preparatory sample for a creative thinking scale, a pilot test sample, and the main application sample. The researchers did a lot of creative work to bring the project into its final form, and performed statistical measurements. The third chapter describes the results of the McCarthy model …


The Effectiveness Of A Training Program Based On Scamper's Model In Developing Creative Thinking Skills Among Students In The Tenth Grade فاعلية برنامج تدريبي مستند إلى أنموذج سكامبر Scamper’S Model)) في تنمية مهارات التفكير الإبداعي لدى طلاب الصف العاشر الأساسي, Dr. Rami Mahmoud Al Yousef Jun 2022

The Effectiveness Of A Training Program Based On Scamper's Model In Developing Creative Thinking Skills Among Students In The Tenth Grade فاعلية برنامج تدريبي مستند إلى أنموذج سكامبر Scamper’S Model)) في تنمية مهارات التفكير الإبداعي لدى طلاب الصف العاشر الأساسي, Dr. Rami Mahmoud Al Yousef

Jordanian Educational Journal

Abstract: This present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a training program based on scamper's Model in development creative thinking skills among tenth grade students. Aquasi- experimental methodology was used in conducting the study. To acieve the objectives of the study, Prince Muhammad Secondary School in Zarqa was intentionally chosen. A sample was chosen consisting of (64) students of the tenth grade from two academic divisions, chosen by the simple random method. Then the two divisions were distributed in a simple random method also, into two groups, one experimental group consisting of (31) students and the other a control …


Educational Functions Of General Secondary Schools, Nurseit Alijanovich Beketov May 2022

Educational Functions Of General Secondary Schools, Nurseit Alijanovich Beketov

Mental Enlightenment Scientific-Methodological Journal

In this article, the importance of the educational function of general secondary schools in the context of globalization and education based on national values and traditions to warn young people of the negative consequences of globalization, to preserve our identity and image as a nation. from a scientific point of view, comments were made on further clarification of its educational functions


أثر استراتيجية الخرائط المفاهيمية في تنمية مهارات التفكير الإبداعي لدى طلبة الصف السابع الأساسي في اللغة العربية. The Effect Of The Conceptual Maps Strategy On Developing Creative Thinking Skills For Seventh Grade Students In The Arabic Language, هيثم القاضي Apr 2022

أثر استراتيجية الخرائط المفاهيمية في تنمية مهارات التفكير الإبداعي لدى طلبة الصف السابع الأساسي في اللغة العربية. The Effect Of The Conceptual Maps Strategy On Developing Creative Thinking Skills For Seventh Grade Students In The Arabic Language, هيثم القاضي

Association of Arab Universities Journal for Education and Psychology

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تعرف أثر استراتيجية الخرائط المفاهيمية في تنمية مهارات التفكير الإبداعي لدى طلبة الصف السابع الأساسي في اللغة العربية، ولتحقيق ذلك سعت الدراسة إلى الإجابة عن الأسئلة الآتية:

1- ما أثر استراتيجية الخرائط المفاهيمية في تنمية مهارات التفكير الإبداعي لدى طلبة الصف السابع الأساسي في اللغة العربية؟

2- هل يختلف تأثير استراتيجية الخرائط المفاهيمية في تنمية مهارات التفكير الإبداعي لدى طلبة الصف السابع الأساسي في اللغة العربية باختلاف الجنس؟

تكون مجتمع الدراسة من جميع طلبة الصف السابع الأساسي في المدارس الحكومية التابعة لمديرية التربية والتعليم للواء البادية الشمالية الغربية، للعام الدراسي 2008، 2009 والبالغ عددهم ((1709 طالباً …


Approaches To Narrative Instruction For Second Language Learners, Mathew Peters May 2021

Approaches To Narrative Instruction For Second Language Learners, Mathew Peters

MA TESOL Collection

Narratives have reemerged as a dominant form of rhetoric over the last fifty years. This dominant use of narrative discourse has only increased with the rise of social media. Walther Fisher (1987) proposed the narrative paradigm as a unifying theory of human communication. His major claim is that people are inherently storytellers and that people use a narrative rationality and a logic of good reasons to inform their beliefs, values, and actions. This paper utilizes his theories, along with recent findings in neuroscience, to establish an argument for greater inclusion of narratives into second language teaching. Narratives can have a …


Valuing Children’S Natural Thinking In The Classroom, Supriya Rawal May 2021

Valuing Children’S Natural Thinking In The Classroom, Supriya Rawal

Art of Teaching Thesis - Written

This thesis discusses the importance of valuing children’s natural thinking in the classroom. Our education places a significant emphasis on literacy and math and recognizes human capacity mostly just through performance on standardized assessments in these two fields of study. But human capacity is much more than just math and literacy. Moreover, even math and literacy are taught in a very process-oriented, rote fact-based curriculum that does not allow children to learn through their own natural way of thinking. This contrived way of thinking and limited support for creative avenues leads to a very narrow definition of success, a fixed …


Developing Creativity In The Seventh-Grade Art Classroom, Zachary Dane Wallerius May 2021

Developing Creativity In The Seventh-Grade Art Classroom, Zachary Dane Wallerius

Masters Theses

This thesis describes a methodology for developing artistic creativity in seventh-grade students through the implementation of a curriculum that fosters authentic engagement with the creative process. In it I explore how student’s waning interest in the arts through middle school despite the value of creative expression for adolescents can be addressed. The research in this paper explores relevant aspects of artistic creativity as well as the psychological needs that must be met in order for students to successfully engage in a creative practice. The paper makes recommendations for how to foster common traits of creative people and proposes how behavior …


Improvisation As A Teaching Tool For Improving Oral Communication Skills In Premedical And Pre-Biomedical Graduate Students, Marianne Phelps, Catrina White, Lin Xiang, Hollie I. Swanson Apr 2021

Improvisation As A Teaching Tool For Improving Oral Communication Skills In Premedical And Pre-Biomedical Graduate Students, Marianne Phelps, Catrina White, Lin Xiang, Hollie I. Swanson

Theatre and Dance Faculty Publications

Objective:

To evaluate the relationship between training in theatre improvisation and empathy, communication, and other professional skills.

Methods:

Undergraduate and graduate students who were participants of a 10-week summer undergraduate research program engaged in theatre improvisation techniques during a 3-hour workshop. In Study #1, a de-identified, self-report questionnaire (known as the Empathy Quotient) was administered prior to and following the workshop. Paired sample 2-tailed t-tests were performed to evaluate pre- and post-test scores. To identify additional benefits of engaging in theatre improvisation techniques, Study #2 was performed. Here, a survey was administered to the participants following their completion of …


Creativity And Covid-19, Sarah Moss Jan 2021

Creativity And Covid-19, Sarah Moss

The Voice

No abstract provided.


The Emerging Science Of Wellness In The College Writing Curriculum, Peggy Suzuki Jan 2021

The Emerging Science Of Wellness In The College Writing Curriculum, Peggy Suzuki

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation argues that the college writing curriculum – and indeed any educational program---would benefit from an emphasis on human wellness and the arts. Wellness consists of one’s emotional, social, spiritual, physical, intellectual, and vocational well-being. Additionally, students’ environmental circumstances, like home life, finances, diet, exercise, and work obligations play a huge role in balancing personal health, especially in marginalized communities. Since one’s physiological and psychological connection impacts one’s identity and health, improving writing in the classroom requires holistic and creative approaches for rewiring individual thinking. I draw from positive psychology, where concepts like complex optimism and positive emotions nurture …


Serial-Multiple Mediation Of Enjoyment And Intention On The Relationship Between Creativity And Physical Activity, Myungjin Jung, Han Soo Kim, Paul D. Loprinzi, Minsoo Kang Jan 2021

Serial-Multiple Mediation Of Enjoyment And Intention On The Relationship Between Creativity And Physical Activity, Myungjin Jung, Han Soo Kim, Paul D. Loprinzi, Minsoo Kang

Faculty and Student Publications

The purpose of the present study was to examine a serial-multiple mediation of physical activity (PA) enjoyment and PA intention in the relationship between creativity and PA level (i.e., moderate-to-vigorous PA). A total of 298 undergraduate and graduate students completed a selfreported questionnaire evaluating creativity, PA enjoyment, PA intention, and PA level. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, ordinary leastsquares regression analysis, and bootstrap methodology. Based on the research findings, both PA enjoyment (β = 0.06; 95% CI [0.003, 0.12]) and PA intention (β = 0.08; 95% CI [0.03, 0.13]) were found to be a mediator …


An Analysis Of The Complex Thinking Requirements Of The Terranova And Iowa Practice Tests In English/Language Arts For Grade 8: A Tale Of Two Tests, Armand Lamberti Aug 2020

An Analysis Of The Complex Thinking Requirements Of The Terranova And Iowa Practice Tests In English/Language Arts For Grade 8: A Tale Of Two Tests, Armand Lamberti

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

ABSTRACT

The importance of higher-order thinking, 21st-Century Skills, and standardized testing are important issues in education. TerraNova and IOWA tests are widely used to assess students’ academic competence. The publishers of the TerraNova and IOWA tests claim that their assessment instruments challenge students to employ higher-order thinking skills. This study sought to examine and describe ways in which the language found in the TerraNova and IOWA English/Language Arts practice tests compared with the language that promotes higher-order thinking found in the literature. A convergent, parallel mixed-methods study with qualitative and quantitative content analysis methods was conducted to (a) …


Assessment Of General Capabilities: Skills For The 21st-Century Learner. Final Report, Claire Scoular, Dara Ramalingam, Daniel Duckworth, Jonathan Heard Jul 2020

Assessment Of General Capabilities: Skills For The 21st-Century Learner. Final Report, Claire Scoular, Dara Ramalingam, Daniel Duckworth, Jonathan Heard

Assessment and Reporting

This report describes a project of the Centre for Assessment Reform and Innovation (CARI) at the Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER) to develop an approach for teaching and assessing general capabilities, also known as 21st century skills, in the classroom. The report is divided into two parts. Part one presents an overview of ACER’s approach to skills development. This approach is underpinned by the identification of three evident needs: to understand development, to monitor growth, and to ensure alignment across curriculum, assessment, and pedagogy. Part Two outlines how the approach is applied in the context of assessment. An assessment …


Creative Thinking: Skill Development Framework, Dara Ramalingam, Prue Anderson, Daniel Duckworth, Claire Scoular, Jonathan Heard Jun 2020

Creative Thinking: Skill Development Framework, Dara Ramalingam, Prue Anderson, Daniel Duckworth, Claire Scoular, Jonathan Heard

Assessment and Reporting

The Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER) has reviewed the extensive literature on creative thinking and developed both a definition and a framework that synthesise and harmonise existing theory and research on creative thinking. This framework has been developed to address the challenges associated with teaching and assessing creative thinking. It outlines creative thinking processes along prescribed strands and aspects informed by a sound evidentiary basis. The aspects contained within the framework are designed to provide foci for teaching and the basis of assessment. ACER’s creative thinking framework identifies key factors that underpin the development of creative thinking with a …


Designing A Toolbox To Improve Creative Output: A Guide For Cultivating Critical, Creative, And Conceptual Thinking Skills In An Increasingly Distracted Society, Cara Tuttle May 2020

Designing A Toolbox To Improve Creative Output: A Guide For Cultivating Critical, Creative, And Conceptual Thinking Skills In An Increasingly Distracted Society, Cara Tuttle

Critical and Creative Thinking Capstones Collection

Frequent digital distractions can hamper undergraduate design students’ ability to perform the kind of deeper level thinking needed for creative problem solving and creative output, yet there are tools that can help students focus on the present and delve deeper into their creative work. This paper focuses on the details of a pedagogical toolbox created for educators of undergraduate design students to target critical thinking, creative thinking, and conceptual thinking (the 3Cs) in order to improve creative output. I explain how critical, creative, and conceptual thinking work holistically to develop and promote creative output. By demonstrating 3Cs tools and activities, …


Fostering Creative Thinking Skills In Young Children Using Design Thinking Challenges, Tom R. Gannon Apr 2020

Fostering Creative Thinking Skills In Young Children Using Design Thinking Challenges, Tom R. Gannon

Creativity and Change Leadership Graduate Student Master's Projects

For this master’s project I developed a set of resources (guidebook, videos, and presentation deck) which provide child development professionals with a framework and set of skills to facilitate design thinking challenges (open-ended problem-solving activities based on design thinking’s phases of: creating empathy, problem identification, ideation, prototyping, and idea testing) with preschool age children. The centerpiece of the project is the guide book titled Save the Gingerbread Man: Understanding & Supporting Creative Thinking Skills in Preschoolers. The videos are interviews with preschool age children in a series called From the Experts. The presentation deck incorporates can include the …


Creative Thinking: Definition And Structure, Dara Ramalingam, Prue Anderson, Daniel Duckworth, Claire Scoular, Jonathan Heard Feb 2020

Creative Thinking: Definition And Structure, Dara Ramalingam, Prue Anderson, Daniel Duckworth, Claire Scoular, Jonathan Heard

Assessment and Reporting

In recent years there has been an increasing recognition that creativity and creative thinking should be fostered as valued outcomes of schooling, either in their own right, or as part of a set of so-called ‘21st-century skills’. While the importance of creative thinking is now widely accepted, it remains the case that there is a lack of agreement regarding a definition of creative thinking, nor is there a universally adopted framework to guide its teaching and assessment. It is in this context that the Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER) has reviewed the extensive literature on creative thinking and developed …


Potensi Lokal Gunung Ijen Untuk Pemahaman Konsep Dan Berpikir Kreatif Pengurangan Resiko Bencana, Khatriya Tiffani Tamimiya, I Gusti Putu Suryadarma Oct 2019

Potensi Lokal Gunung Ijen Untuk Pemahaman Konsep Dan Berpikir Kreatif Pengurangan Resiko Bencana, Khatriya Tiffani Tamimiya, I Gusti Putu Suryadarma

Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan: (1) kelayakan dan (2) efektifitas LKPD IPA berbasis project based-learning (PjBL) terintegrasi potensi lokal Gunung Ijen dalam meningkatkan pemahaman konsep lapisan Bumi dan berpikir kreatif peserta didik. Penelitian ini mengacu pada model pengembangan 4D. Uji coba empiris dilakukan pada satu kelas eksperimen terdiri dari 28 siswa dan satu kelas kontrol terdiri dari 24 siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa LKPD IPA berbasis PjBL terintegrasi potensi lokal Gunung Ijen layak digunakan sebagai bahan ajar dalam meningkatkan pemahaman konsep dan berpikir kreatif peserta didik dengan kategori sangat baik dengan skor sebesar 3,75 menurut validator ahli materi dan 3,68 …


Developing Creativity And Imagination Skills, Amy Lightfoot Oct 2019

Developing Creativity And Imagination Skills, Amy Lightfoot

Teacher India

Cultivating creativity among students is widely acknowledged as an essential prerequisite for 21st century success. In this article, the author discusses how teachers can help foster creativity in the classroom.


Nurse Educators Fostering Critical Thinking In First-Year Students In An Associate Degree Nursing Program, Pamela Rogers Sep 2019

Nurse Educators Fostering Critical Thinking In First-Year Students In An Associate Degree Nursing Program, Pamela Rogers

CUP Ed.D. Dissertations

Nurse educators are required to prepare students with the CT skills to solve complex problems, make sound clinical judgments, and decisions in nursing practice. This study explored the strategies used by nurse educators to foster critical thinking in nursing education for first-year nursing students in a community college. The research questions of this study were aligned with Bloom’s revised taxonomy, based on the work of Anderson et al. (2001) and Krathwohl (2002), who focused on the learner’s cognitive processes that transfer knowledge to a higher level of thinking. The selected method was a qualitative methodology with a phenomenological design. The …


Journeys: Changing Our Schools, Workplaces, And Lives Works-In-Progress From A Conference-Workshop To Mark 40 Years Of The Graduate Program In Critical & Creative Thinking, Peter J. Taylor May 2019

Journeys: Changing Our Schools, Workplaces, And Lives Works-In-Progress From A Conference-Workshop To Mark 40 Years Of The Graduate Program In Critical & Creative Thinking, Peter J. Taylor

Working Papers in Critical, Creative and Reflective Practice

A compilation of works-in-progress prepared for or during a conference-workshop to mark 40 years of the Graduate Program in Critical & Creative Thinking at the University of Massachusetts Boston. The contributions illustrate how preparing for and participating in the conference-workshop provided an opportunity to reflect on ways that developing as a critical, creative, and reflective practitioner is like a journey into unfamiliar areas—journeying involves risk, opens up questions, creates more experiences than can be integrated at first, requires support, and yields personal and professional change.


Creative Self-Efficacy: Students In General Education, With Learning Disabilities, And With Gifts And Talents, Jennifer Elaine Smith May 2019

Creative Self-Efficacy: Students In General Education, With Learning Disabilities, And With Gifts And Talents, Jennifer Elaine Smith

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Creative self-efficacy is the belief in one’s own ability to be creative. It is a component of creativity and is vital for future success. Within the construct of creative thinking, four areas of creative thinking (i.e., fluency, flexibility, elaboration, and originality) have been suggested.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perception of creative self-efficacy in third, fourth, and fifth grade students in general education, with learning disabilities, and with gifts and talents in terms of fluency, flexibility, elaboration, and originality. Along with educational sub-type and grade level, an exploration of the relationship of gender and ethnicity were …


The Moral And Professional Education Future Teacher, Shavkat Kenjaev, Mushtariybonu Gazixodjaeva Mar 2019

The Moral And Professional Education Future Teacher, Shavkat Kenjaev, Mushtariybonu Gazixodjaeva

Bulletin of Gulistan State University

In condition of the reinforcement rate globalization of the problem, costing before domestic formation, require the improvements him on base updated philosophy and methodologies of the formation, shaping young high formed and professional prepared generations, possessing high morality and social responsiblity, creatives by thinking, ready not only to live in dinamic changing social and economic condition, but actively and positive to influence upon surrounding world.


The Champ Model For Critical-Thinking And Decision-Making: Empowering Employees And Teams To Become High-Performing Thinkers And Doers!: A Theoretical And Practical Training Handbook For Leaders, Michelle Chin Loy, Brittney Coe, Hannah Gordon, Elizabeth Hernández Feb 2019

The Champ Model For Critical-Thinking And Decision-Making: Empowering Employees And Teams To Become High-Performing Thinkers And Doers!: A Theoretical And Practical Training Handbook For Leaders, Michelle Chin Loy, Brittney Coe, Hannah Gordon, Elizabeth Hernández

Student Articles

No abstract provided.


Estrategias Pedagógicas Para El Desarrollo Del Pensamiento Crítico Y Creativo A Través Del Arte, María Cristina Borrero Hermida Jan 2019

Estrategias Pedagógicas Para El Desarrollo Del Pensamiento Crítico Y Creativo A Través Del Arte, María Cristina Borrero Hermida

Doctorado en Educación y Sociedad

Este trabajo de investigación representa una mirada analítica, crítica y propositiva sobre la posibilidad de construir metodologías pedagógicas para el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico y creativo de los estudiantes, desde el saber propio de la educación artística, con un acento especial colocado en la incorporación de las TIC en la educación básica. Es una investigación que describe e interpreta las particularidades de un modelo pedagógico en educación básica y media en el cual el arte es un componente esencial del proceso educativo para desarrollar la capacidad imaginativa, simbólica y transformadora con fundamentos en los lenguajes artísticos en el teatro, la …


Developing Musicianship And 21st Century Learning Skills Using The Lisk “Creative Director” Series, Thomas Reynolds Oct 2018

Developing Musicianship And 21st Century Learning Skills Using The Lisk “Creative Director” Series, Thomas Reynolds

Doctoral Dissertations

ABSTRACT

DEVELOPING MUSICIANSHIP AND 21st CENTURY LEARNING SKILLS USING THE LISK “CREATIVE DIRECTOR” SERIES SEPTEMBER 2018 THOMAS E. REYNOLDS, B.M.E., NEW ENGLAND CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC M.M.E. ITHACA COLLEGE Ph.D., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Directed by: Professor Sara K. Jones The Edward S. Lisk “Creative Director” pedagogical techniques have been found to be invaluable in the instrumental music classroom for teaching overall musicianship skills. As educators address the teaching of 21st century learning skills through all of the academic disciplines, many of the Lisk techniques for teaching overall musicianship skills also foster the teaching of 21st century learning …


The Effect Of Problem-Based Learning On The Creative Thinking And Critical Thinking Disposition Of Students In Visual Arts Education, Kani Ulger Mar 2018

The Effect Of Problem-Based Learning On The Creative Thinking And Critical Thinking Disposition Of Students In Visual Arts Education, Kani Ulger

Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning

The problem-based learning (PBL) approach was implemented as a treatment for higher education visual arts students over one semester to examine its effect on the creative thinking and critical thinking disposition of these students. PBL had a significant effect on creative thinking, but critical thinking disposition was affected to a lesser degree. One possible reason for this result is that in this study, open structures were used for learning activities as a nonroutine problem-solving process to develop creative thinking. Accordingly, the results of this study indicate that PBL can help students with nonroutine problem-solving processes by maintaining uncertainty and enhancing …