Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Institution
-
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville (30)
- University of South Florida (18)
- The University of Southern Mississippi (16)
- Marshall University (12)
- Gardner-Webb University (10)
-
- SIT Graduate Institute/SIT Study Abroad (10)
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville (10)
- Wayne State University (9)
- Brigham Young University (8)
- University of Texas at El Paso (6)
- Utah State University (6)
- Western Michigan University (6)
- Western University (6)
- Georgia Southern University (5)
- Minnesota State University, Mankato (5)
- Old Dominion University (5)
- Rhode Island College (5)
- Andrews University (4)
- Central Washington University (4)
- Lesley University (4)
- Rowan University (4)
- University of Denver (4)
- Claremont Colleges (3)
- University at Albany, State University of New York (3)
- Edith Cowan University (2)
- Portland State University (2)
- Seton Hall University (2)
- University of Kentucky (2)
- University of Massachusetts Boston (2)
- University of New Orleans (2)
- Keyword
-
- Education (47)
- Literacy (9)
- Professional development (9)
- Achievement (6)
- Motivation (6)
-
- Teaching (6)
- ETD (5)
- Learning (5)
- Middle school (5)
- Reading (5)
- Secondary education (5)
- Technology integration (5)
- Educational psychology (4)
- Leadership (4)
- Morgridge College of Education (4)
- Perceptions (4)
- Student achievement (4)
- Teacher (4)
- Teacher training (4)
- Technology (4)
- Career and technical education (3)
- Communication (3)
- Culture (3)
- Effective teaching (3)
- Faculty (3)
- Gender (3)
- High school (3)
- Higher education (3)
- Kindergarten (3)
- Mentoring (3)
- Publication
-
- Graduate Theses and Dissertations (30)
- Dissertations (26)
- USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations (18)
- Theses and Dissertations (16)
- Theses, Dissertations and Capstones (12)
-
- Education Dissertations and Projects (10)
- Doctoral Dissertations (9)
- Electronic Theses and Dissertations (9)
- Wayne State University Dissertations (9)
- All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023 (6)
- Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository (6)
- Open Access Theses & Dissertations (6)
- All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects (5)
- Capstone Collection (5)
- MA TESOL Collection (5)
- Master's Theses, Dissertations, Graduate Research and Major Papers Overview (5)
- All Graduate Projects (4)
- Educational Studies Dissertations (4)
- Teaching & Learning Theses & Dissertations (4)
- CGU Theses & Dissertations (3)
- Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024) (3)
- Dissertations and Theses (2)
- Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects (2)
- Honors Theses (2)
- Masters Theses (2)
- Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs) (2)
- Theses: Doctorates and Masters (2)
- UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations (2)
- University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations (2)
- Dissertations and Theses @ UNI (1)
Articles 31 - 60 of 234
Full-Text Articles in Education
Teacher Definitions Of Integration In Primary Grades, Jeanne Sperry Prestwich
Teacher Definitions Of Integration In Primary Grades, Jeanne Sperry Prestwich
Theses and Dissertations
One obstacle that challenges the implementation of effective curriculum integration practices is the confusion caused by the existence of numerous definitions of this construct in the literature. This concern is further compounded by the potential disconnect between the varied definitions proposed by scholars and classroom teachers' acceptance and use of curriculum integration. The purpose of this study was to analyze K-3 grade teachers' self-reported definitions of curriculum integration. Teachers responded to an Internet survey in which they provided their personal definition of curriculum integration, described integrated teaching examples from their own classroom, and rated six teaching scenarios for quality of …
Practitioners Or Researchers: Ed.D. Or Ph.D.? An Analysis Of Educational Leadership Doctoral Programs, Michael Dwyane Kennedy Jr.
Practitioners Or Researchers: Ed.D. Or Ph.D.? An Analysis Of Educational Leadership Doctoral Programs, Michael Dwyane Kennedy Jr.
Dissertations
This mostly descriptive study was conducted to analyze differences in doctoral degrees in educational leadership programs across the United States based on U.S. News and World Report (2011) rankings for Graduate Schools of Education. Specifically, this study explored admission, program, and final requirements as well as curriculum and faculty roles to determine the trends that have been evolving, increasing, decreasing, or remaining consistent in certain schools of the United States since the release of the Levine study of educational leadership programs in 2005. Five groups were used: 1) higher ranked 20; 2) lower ranked 20 graduate education schools; 3) top …
(Un)Packing Your Backpack: Educational Philosophy, Positionality, And Pedagogical Praxis, Yvette Prinsloo Franklin
(Un)Packing Your Backpack: Educational Philosophy, Positionality, And Pedagogical Praxis, Yvette Prinsloo Franklin
Doctoral Dissertations
In this philosophical research project, the author examines the question: How can the case be made that there is an imperative need to change the trajectory of current efforts to reduce “achievement gaps” in the United States and (re)vision a transformation of our school settings through conscious-raising sensitivity regarding issues of equity towards equality amongst educators that harnesses the work of philosophy of education scholars? She engages the reader in a theoretical hike through a philosophical argument for attending to philosophical theories of education, extending the work of Jane Roland Martin regarding sensitivity and drawing heavily on the scholarship of …
Sketchmate: A Computer-Aided Sketching And Simulation Tool For Teaching Graph Algorithms, Kristy Sue Van Hornweder
Sketchmate: A Computer-Aided Sketching And Simulation Tool For Teaching Graph Algorithms, Kristy Sue Van Hornweder
Doctoral Dissertations
In this dissertation, we developed and tested a sketching, visualization, and simulation tool called Sketchmate for demonstrating graph algorithms commonly taught in undergraduate computer science courses. For this research, we chose to focus on shortest path and network flow algorithms. Two versions of this tool have been implemented: 1) an instructor tool that supports computer-aided manual simulations of algorithms that augment traditional whiteboard presentations, allowing lectures to be more dynamic and interactive, and 2) a student tool that supports computer-aided manual practice of algorithms that enables students to work through homework problems more quickly while providing detailed incremental feedback about …
The Intersection Between Home And School: Developing A Scale To Measure Parental Perceptions Of Childhood School Stress, Teresa Marie Henke
The Intersection Between Home And School: Developing A Scale To Measure Parental Perceptions Of Childhood School Stress, Teresa Marie Henke
Doctoral Dissertations
Abstract
Parents in the home and educators in the schools are key adults in the most important contexts in the daily lives of school-age children. In the demanding, achievement, and accountability oriented culture of today, it is expected that children experience normal everyday stressors as they move between these two environments. The impact of stress related to daily hassles has been reported to have both cognitive and physical effects on the present and future well-being of children. This study represented an attempt to advance the understanding of childhood stress in the intersection between school and home by investigating the perceptions …
Implications Of The No Child Left Behind Legislation On Career And Technical Education, Thomas Kyle Wallace
Implications Of The No Child Left Behind Legislation On Career And Technical Education, Thomas Kyle Wallace
Dissertations
The passage of No Child Left Behind (NCLB) legislation in 2001 brought about a multitude of education reform policies for education institutions that made the future of Career and Technical Education’s (CTE) role in secondary educations unclear. These mandates forced educational leaders to emphasize student enrollment in tracks that prepare them for post-secondary educational opportunities that require a stronger background in academic courses. The standards-based mandates required by NCLB legislation make promotion of CTE courses more difficult because these courses are primarily elective courses and have caused educational agencies to look at what CTE programs provide in terms of meeting …
Adolescent Mothers In An Intervention Study A Qualitative Analysis Of Variables Relating To Their Teaching Interactions With Their Infants, Janisse Guzman
Adolescent Mothers In An Intervention Study A Qualitative Analysis Of Variables Relating To Their Teaching Interactions With Their Infants, Janisse Guzman
HIM 1990-2015
The intent of this thesis was to study, in depth, the experiences of four adolescent mothers who underwent a home intervention program. I studied two mothers who did well with teaching their 12-month old children during play, and two mothers who did not do as well. All four mothers received weekly intervention from the time of their child's birth through 12-months of age. I studied the following variables: 1) how much time the home visitors spent on selected child development and parenting topics; 2) the mother's perceived social support; 3) how many community resources the mother used; and 4) if …
A Study Of Factors Related To Teacher Attrition, Leslie Ann Beaugez
A Study Of Factors Related To Teacher Attrition, Leslie Ann Beaugez
Dissertations
This study examined factors related to teacher attrition. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the level of teacher satisfaction that could motivate a teacher to remain in the profession in a national sample could be predicted from selected factors. Furthermore, this study examined teachers’ perceptions of worry/stress based on student performance on state and/or local tests.
The participants in the study were in two groups: teachers in a national sample that responded to items on the 1999-2000 Schools and Staffing Survey and certified teachers from a southeastern school district who also responded to one of the items …
The Culture Boundary: How Awareness Informs Teaching Practice, Angela Richardson
The Culture Boundary: How Awareness Informs Teaching Practice, Angela Richardson
MA TESOL Collection
In this paper I discuss the value of exploring student culture through ongoing reflective processes for effective and responsible language teaching. I reflect on my own experience of teaching in a foreign language context for the first time, and discuss how developing cultural awareness helped me move from a place of frustration to understanding, and how a change in attitude and teaching approach impacted my relationships and significantly improved the quality of teaching and learning in my classroom. Using Pat Moran’s ‘Cultural Knowings’ framework as a guide, I reflect on my personal transformation while working in South Korea and report …
Cuisenaire Rods: Pedagogical And Relational Instruments For Language Learning, Sevilay Akarcay
Cuisenaire Rods: Pedagogical And Relational Instruments For Language Learning, Sevilay Akarcay
MA TESOL Collection
Cuisenaire Rods are pedagogical and relational instruments with great potential for exploring the way a language works. With their flexibility and simplicity, they allow the students to focus on the process of learning; helping them notice patterns, make associations, and engage in a social and personal relation with the language and deepening their awareness of themselves as learners. The Cuisenaire Rods’ potential for creating simplicity within complexity enables a way of working with language that engages the playful and creative powers of the users. In the introductory part of the paper, the author explores Caleb Gattegno’s approach to learning and …
The Ipad As An Instructional Tool: An Examination Of Teacher Implementation Experiences, Brandie Kay Benton
The Ipad As An Instructional Tool: An Examination Of Teacher Implementation Experiences, Brandie Kay Benton
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
At present, handheld devices and tablet computers are infiltrating public schools across the nation, the most popular model being the Apple iPad. Schools and teachers are attempting to integrate the devices and are using a variety of methods and models for implementation. The purpose of this study was to examine the implementation of the iPad as an instructional tool through the experiences of classroom teachers.A review of related literature was conducted to inform the conceptual framework, design, data collection, analysis, and synthesis components and stages of this study. Qualitative methods, including teacher-participant interviews and classroom observations, were utilized in this …
The Neglected Minority: Interviews With Successful Community College Students From Poverty, Heather Hollifield-Hoyle
The Neglected Minority: Interviews With Successful Community College Students From Poverty, Heather Hollifield-Hoyle
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Poverty in the US is growing at an alarming rate. The current economic climate demands higher education to embrace the economic diversity of all students and to prepare them, regardless of economic class, for a globally competitive workplace. Unfortunately, the higher education community is not as adept at serving low-income students, as it is middle- and upper- income students. Low-income students are less likely than their more affluent peers to enroll in college or graduate. Employing qualitative narrative methods, this dissertation explores the factors that contributed to the persistence and success of 18, low-income, community college students. This study addresses …
The Relationship Between Middle Level School Science Programs And A Residential Environmental Learning Center, Ryan Mathew Walker
The Relationship Between Middle Level School Science Programs And A Residential Environmental Learning Center, Ryan Mathew Walker
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
A multiple case study investigation examines the relationship between a residential environmental learning center and six schools that attend their program. Pre-experience interviews were conducted with teachers to gain understanding of how they integrate the residential experience with formal classroom instruction. On-site observations of teacher participation during the program provided insight into how they foster student learning during the experience. A student questionnaire was used to reveal students' perceptions of three areas of interest: 1) most meaningful aspects of the experience, 2) most confusing aspects of the experience and 3) topics they would like to know more about. These data …
Characteristics Of Quality Agricultural Magazine Capstone Courses Based On The Five R'S Model, Traci Nicole Rushing
Characteristics Of Quality Agricultural Magazine Capstone Courses Based On The Five R'S Model, Traci Nicole Rushing
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This study sought to assess students' and instructors' perceptions regarding the value of an agricultural communications magazine capstone course at three universities that were identified as exemplary in an effort to describe the characteristics leading to the course's success. Using a qualitative survey methodology, the investigator administered an open-response survey, conducted personal interviews with purposively-selected students in each course and the instructors, and made field observations. Both the interviews and the surveys consisted of six, in-depth questions crafted after Andreasen's (2004) of a successful magazine capstone course. Based on students' and instructors' perceptions through the lens of Andreasen's (2004) model, …
Multiliteracies In The Classroom: An Explanatory Sequential Mixed Methods Approach To Teachers' And Students' Perspectives Toward Integration Of Technology, Laura Janine Chitty
Multiliteracies In The Classroom: An Explanatory Sequential Mixed Methods Approach To Teachers' And Students' Perspectives Toward Integration Of Technology, Laura Janine Chitty
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
An increased number of students graduating from high school lack college and career readiness skills to earn credit in entry-level college courses or begin a career in an entry-level position. Many schools across America have prepared to address students' college and career readiness with the adoption of Common Core State Standards. Twenty-five teachers and 92 students participated in this dissertation study conducted at a high school (grades 10-12) in the southern United States. The purpose of this study was to describe and explain teachers' and students' perspectives toward the integration of technology that enhances multiliteracies in the classroom. An explanatory …
Contextual Influences On Small Group Decision-Making: A Field Investigation, Sarah Kathryn Chorley
Contextual Influences On Small Group Decision-Making: A Field Investigation, Sarah Kathryn Chorley
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This thesis examines small group decision-making among groups of educators in an elementary school through the Bona Fide Group Perspective, which focuses on a group and its relationships to elements in its context. Twenty-six faculty members were interviewed and 26 meetings were recorded; these were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results indicated contextual, relational, and discursive factors influenced the decision-making process. Most critically, power, status, overlapping group memberships, and competing Discourses shaped the group decision-making process.
The Lived Experiences Of 24/7 Connectivity On Secondary Educators, James Patrick Heiden
The Lived Experiences Of 24/7 Connectivity On Secondary Educators, James Patrick Heiden
Theses and Dissertations
Student access to the Internet has dramatically increased during the first decade of 2000. A recent study indicated that over 85% of US teens have regular access to a cell phone (Rideout et al., 2010). The cell phone coupled with an Internet plan has created the smart phone. This technology allows students to decide when and where they want to learn. This new connectedness has created a new phenomenon for classroom teachers; the ability to connect with their students in a 24/7 environment. This phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of five urban/suburban teachers in the Metro-Milwaukee area who routinely …
A Case Study Of Two High School English Teachers Transitioning From Arkansas Writing Standards To Common Core Writing Standards In The Secondary English Classroom, Cindy M. Williams
A Case Study Of Two High School English Teachers Transitioning From Arkansas Writing Standards To Common Core Writing Standards In The Secondary English Classroom, Cindy M. Williams
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of the study is to gain an understanding of secondary English teachers' perceptions towards implementing Common Core writing standards. The study allowed me to examine how teachers' perceptions affect the level of implementation of Common Core writing standards in their English classrooms during the first year. The study focused on two research questions and two sub-questions centering on the perceptions of secondary English teachers and how they are responding to early implementation to the Common Core State Standards. Specific facets to consider in teachers' transitioning from state standards to Common Core standards are what pedagogical training opportunities teachers …
Modes Of Presentation In The Education Of Secondary Students With Disabilities, Annie Laurie Quinn
Modes Of Presentation In The Education Of Secondary Students With Disabilities, Annie Laurie Quinn
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Abstract: bold
Perceptions Of Skill Development In A Living-Learning First-Year Experience Program, Kerri Anna Smith
Perceptions Of Skill Development In A Living-Learning First-Year Experience Program, Kerri Anna Smith
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of students and faculty involved in a living-learning first-year experience program at a small, liberal arts institution about developing skills for life-long learning including critical thinking, written communication, and reflection and engagement across disciplines. The researcher conducted a qualitative case study including focus groups with students and interviews with faculty involved with the first-year experience program. Three focus groups with a total of 19 student participants and individual interviews with 11 faculty participants were conducted. Interviews and focus groups were digitally recorded and then the researcher listened to each session …
Pretending Teaching Is A Profession: Why Public School Teaching Will Never Be Considered A True Profession, Melissa Ann Harness
Pretending Teaching Is A Profession: Why Public School Teaching Will Never Be Considered A True Profession, Melissa Ann Harness
Masters Theses
My endeavor in this thesis is to discuss why teaching is not, and has never been considered, part of the true professions. Although much rhetoric is aimed at classifying teachers as true professionals and the teaching field as a true profession, the historical, sociological, and societal means that govern the ideological foundation of a true profession are lacking in the field of education. By using a historical, sociological, philosophical, and linguistic analysis of the words “true profession”, along with “unions”, private teaching organizations, etc., I am able to demonstrate not only why teaching is not a profession, but that …
Moving Forward On Common Ground: A Mixed Methods Exploration Of National Standards, Sharon Kay Cogan
Moving Forward On Common Ground: A Mixed Methods Exploration Of National Standards, Sharon Kay Cogan
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
There is extant literature regarding teacher professional development; however, there is limited research in the area of "high-quality" teacher professional development practices which are advocated for at the government and district levels based on Learning Forward's (formerly National Staff Development Council - NSDC) guidelines for school reform.
The intent of this proposed research study is to examine the professional development practices of three elementary schools in a large urban area in the southwest region of the United States, and how well the professional development practices align with Learning Forward's national standards for constructing effective professional development. Administrators and teachers anonymously …
How Do Teachers Teach Students With Working Memory Impairments In The Regular Classroom? A Grounded Theory Approach, Laura Vanderlaan
How Do Teachers Teach Students With Working Memory Impairments In The Regular Classroom? A Grounded Theory Approach, Laura Vanderlaan
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
This study uses a qualitative, post-positive grounded theory approach to investigate the process of teaching primary students with working memory impairments. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were used to collect data specific to students with WMI from nine primary teachers. After transcript coding and data analysis, themes were extracted from the data. The themes reflect how having a working memory impairment may alter the students’ education. The interacting themes included: learning with a working memory impairment and the characteristics of the student, adaptations made by the teacher including effective teaching strategies , and adaptations made by the students as a result of …
A Content Analysis Of Family Structure In Newbery Medal And Honor Books, 1930 -- 2010, Shannon Marie Despain
A Content Analysis Of Family Structure In Newbery Medal And Honor Books, 1930 -- 2010, Shannon Marie Despain
Theses and Dissertations
Newbery books are a reliable representation of quality children's literature. They have not previously been formally evaluated by the family structures represented in the books. This content analysis considered 87 contemporary realistic fiction Newbery winner and Honor books since the 1930s that portray families in English-speaking, western settings. The family structures portrayed in these books were compared with the family structure categories of the decade in which each book is set. Percentage comparisons revealed that the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s do not represent the actual family structures of their time period. After the Age of New Realism began in the …
Effective Professional Development: A Study Of A Teacher-Initiated, Interdisciplinary Professional Learning Community, Mary Ann Quantz
Effective Professional Development: A Study Of A Teacher-Initiated, Interdisciplinary Professional Learning Community, Mary Ann Quantz
Theses and Dissertations
This is a narrative inquiry study that describes the experiences of five junior high school teachers who participated in an interdisciplinary, voluntary professional learning community (PLC). Using identity as an analytic lens for the participants' experiences, and content-area literacy as the context for the PLC, the study describes how teachers involved in a PLC focused on inquiry and teacher learning storied their own experiences in the PLC. The participants' experiences highlighted three main themes which were (1) experiences with past ineffective professional development, (2) inadequacy, and (3) changes in thinking. The study highlights how these themes demonstrate the development of …
The Effectiveness Of Embedded Picture Mnemonic Alphabet Cards On Letter Recognition And Letter Sound Knowledge, Gabrielle Mcnamara
The Effectiveness Of Embedded Picture Mnemonic Alphabet Cards On Letter Recognition And Letter Sound Knowledge, Gabrielle Mcnamara
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study is to compare the use of embedded letter and picture mnemonic cards and separated letter and picture mnemonic cards on students' letter recognition and letter sound knowledge. The study implemented a single subject, alternating treatment design. The participants were three preschool students. A pretest, posttest, and one week follow-up were utilized to collect data. The independent variables were the use of the embedded letter and picture mnemonic cards and separated letter and picture mnemonic cards. The dependent variable was the measure of the participants' letter recognition and letter sound knowledge. Overall, the results of the …
Investigating The Status Of Early Numeracy Skills In Bilingual Dual Language Learner Latino Children Attending Head Start And The Association With Parent Demographic Characteristics, Chavely Lissette Iglesias
Investigating The Status Of Early Numeracy Skills In Bilingual Dual Language Learner Latino Children Attending Head Start And The Association With Parent Demographic Characteristics, Chavely Lissette Iglesias
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Research on mathematics achievement has become increasingly important with today's technological advances and demand for specialized knowledge. Though there is much literature regarding mathematics achievement in monolingual speakers, little is known regarding the mathematical abilities of Dual Language Learner (DLL) Latino children. This study examined the early numeracy skills in English and Spanish of 132 DLL Latino children attending Head Start programs in five counties across Florida. Relationships and differences among their performance in both languages were examined, along with the contribution of specific parent demographic variables to math achievement. Findings indicated that DLL Latino Head Start children's performance on …
Science Self-Efficacy And School Transitions: Elementary School To Middle School And Middle School To High School, Brandi Lue Lofgran
Science Self-Efficacy And School Transitions: Elementary School To Middle School And Middle School To High School, Brandi Lue Lofgran
Theses and Dissertations
This study examined the science self-efficacy beliefs of students before and after transitions from elementary to middle school and middle school to high school. The purpose was to explore whether those beliefs changed with grade level, gender, and ethnicity. Data were collected through a modified Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Children (Muris, 2001), which was adapted to focus on science self-efficacy. Multiple ordinary least squares regression was used to analyze the data. All grade levels showed a clear decline in science self-efficacy after sixth grade with females, Hispanic students, and ninth graders showing the greatest decline in science self-efficacy.
Social Entrepreneurship In Egypt: Turning Revolutionary Ambition Into Tangible Results, Chris C. Blackwood
Social Entrepreneurship In Egypt: Turning Revolutionary Ambition Into Tangible Results, Chris C. Blackwood
Capstone Collection
Social Entrepreneurship in Egypt: Turning Revolutionary Ambition into Tangible Results is a research paper that seeks to provide a model for sustainable social entrepreneurship (SE) development in Egypt and the surrounding Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. The research consists of two primary areas: 1) the field of SE as a whole, along with traits shared by successful social enterprises, and 2) the modern Egyptian context, and the integration of best SE practices in the country and surrounding region during the modern revolutionary era. This is a paper that focuses on social change, and thus several social change theories …
The Nature And Role Of Physical Models In Enhancing Sixth Grade Students' Mental Models Of Groundwater And Groundwater Processes, Debra Lynne Foster Duffy
The Nature And Role Of Physical Models In Enhancing Sixth Grade Students' Mental Models Of Groundwater And Groundwater Processes, Debra Lynne Foster Duffy
Teaching & Learning Theses & Dissertations
Through a non-experimental descriptive and comparative mixed-methods approach, this study investigated the experiences of sixth grade earth science students with groundwater physical models through an extended SE learning cycle format. The data collection was based on a series of quantitative and qualitative research tools intended to investigate students' ideas and changes in ideas rather than measure their achievement. The measures included a groundwater survey, classroom observations, and one-on-one follow-up student interviews for triangulation of data sources. The research was carried out at a K-12 independent school in eastern Virginia using two classes of sixth grade earth science students (n=30).
The …