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2024

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Full-Text Articles in Education

“In My Blood”: External Factors For International Stem Postdoctoral Scholars’ Career Decisions, Kathryn J. Watson, Sylvia L. Mendez Jul 2024

“In My Blood”: External Factors For International Stem Postdoctoral Scholars’ Career Decisions, Kathryn J. Watson, Sylvia L. Mendez

Journal of Global Education and Research

This instrumental case study (Stake, 1995) explores the external factors that influence international science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) postdoctoral scholars in the United States to pursue a career in STEM. Interviews with 20 international STEM postdoctoral scholars were analyzed deductively to shed light on their unique backgrounds and experiences. Three themes emerged: (a) parents were highly encouraging, (b) a love of science was nurtured in school, and (c) they were eager to engage in and promote scientific innovation. These findings illustrate the ways in which family, schools, and community influence the STEM career trajectories of international postdoctoral scholars.


The Construct Of English Native Speaker In Hong Kong, Ka Long Roy Chan Dr. Jun 2024

The Construct Of English Native Speaker In Hong Kong, Ka Long Roy Chan Dr.

Journal of English and Applied Linguistics

The discussion paper provides a discussion of the construct of English native speakers among Hongkongers. Beginning with a review of the linguistic landscapes of Hong Kong, including English language education and English usage, followed by an introduction of a debate on the construct of English native speakers, this paper demonstrates the potential inclusion of Hongkongers as native speakers of English, with the use of their English varieties, Hong Kong English. Additionally, the paper argues for a revision of the traditional geographically-bounded definition of ‘native speaker,’ drawing upon discussions by Rampton (1990), Kachru (1998), and Hansen Edwards (2017a, 2017b) regarding the …


The Possibility Of Applying To School Principals At Irbid Governorate For Kaizen Strategy, Mariam Ababneh, Mohammad Ashour May 2024

The Possibility Of Applying To School Principals At Irbid Governorate For Kaizen Strategy, Mariam Ababneh, Mohammad Ashour

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

This study aimed to identify the possibility of applying to school principals at Irbid governorate for Kaizen Strategy. To achieve the study objectives, a descriptive survey method was used. The study community consists of all the approximately (24.432) teachers in Irbid province and (4.356) principals. The sample of the study consisted of (317) teachers and (62) principals at Irbid Governorate schools. They were chosen in a simple random way. The study tool is represented by a questionnaire consisting of (20) items distributed in three areas as follows: The first area is the general requirements of the Kaizen strategy, the second …


The Reality Of Creative Leadership Among Public Schools’ Principals Enrolled In The Directorate Of Education Of The Southern Mazar Brigade From The Teachers’ Perspective, Eman Al-Omari May 2024

The Reality Of Creative Leadership Among Public Schools’ Principals Enrolled In The Directorate Of Education Of The Southern Mazar Brigade From The Teachers’ Perspective, Eman Al-Omari

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

This study aimed to identify the reality of creative leadership among public school principals in the Directorate of Education of the Southern Mazar Brigade from the teachers' perspective. Through employing the descriptive survey approach, the researcher utilized a self-developed questionnaire as the main research instrument to collect the intended data. Besides, the validity and the reliability of the questionnaire were tested and verified. The sample of the study, which was selected using the convenience sampling strategy, has consisted of (76) male and female teachers who are enrolled at teaching positions in the Directorate of Education of the Southern Mazar Brigade’s …


Organizational Ingenuity And Its Relationship To Institutional Excellence Among Government School Principals In Mafraq Governorate, Nisreen Al-Sabihat, Muneera Al-Shurman May 2024

Organizational Ingenuity And Its Relationship To Institutional Excellence Among Government School Principals In Mafraq Governorate, Nisreen Al-Sabihat, Muneera Al-Shurman

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

This study aimed to reveal the organizational ingenuity of government school principals in Mafraq Governorate and their relationship to institutional excellence. The study sample consisted of (350) teachers who were randomly selected. A questionnaire was developed and used for collecting data, after its validity and reliability were confirmed. In its first part, the questionnaire consists of (26) items that measure organizational ingenuity, and the second part consists of (25) items that measure institutional excellence. The results of the study revealed that the degree of availability of organizational ingenuity among government school principals in Mafraq governorate was moderate. There were no …


Metacognitive Awareness Of Reading Strategies Of Non-Arabic Speaking Learners And Its Relation To Their Self-Efficacy., Haneen Jawarneh May 2024

Metacognitive Awareness Of Reading Strategies Of Non-Arabic Speaking Learners And Its Relation To Their Self-Efficacy., Haneen Jawarneh

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

This study aimed to reveal the metacognitive awareness of reading strategies of non-Arabic speaking learners and its relation of their self-efficacy in learning the skill of reading. A random sample of (81) non-Arabic speaking males and female's learners at the major of Arabic Language and Literature at Yarmouk University-Jordan was chosen. To achieve the aims of the study, the researcher used the scale of Awareness of Reading Strategies Inventory (MARSI) which was developed by Mokhtari et al (2018). The scale consisted of (15) items distributed to three areas: Global Reading Strategies (GRS), Problem Solving Strategies (PSS), and Supportive Reading Strategies …


The Degree Of Faculty Members' Contribution At Yarmouk University In Promoting The Values Of Citizenship Among Students Considering Digital Transformation, Awni Al-Omari, Nouwar Al-Hamad May 2024

The Degree Of Faculty Members' Contribution At Yarmouk University In Promoting The Values Of Citizenship Among Students Considering Digital Transformation, Awni Al-Omari, Nouwar Al-Hamad

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

This study aimed to identify the degree of contribution of faculty members at Yarmouk University in promoting the values of citizenship among students considering the digital transformation. The study aimed further to assess their estimates based on gender, specialization, and academic rank. The study sample consisted of stratified-random (290) faculty members. To accomplish the objectives of the study, a questionnaire was designed which consisted of (35) 3-point Likert scale items, divided into three dimensions (digital security, digital environment, and digital culture). Results revealed that the overall faculty members' estimations of the degree of their contribution was Moderate. Furthermore, the results …


The Effectiveness Of The Parents And Teachers’ Councils In Irbid Qasbah As Perceived By Supervisors, Principals And Teachers, Amal Modardas, Kayed Salameh May 2024

The Effectiveness Of The Parents And Teachers’ Councils In Irbid Qasbah As Perceived By Supervisors, Principals And Teachers, Amal Modardas, Kayed Salameh

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

This study aimed to identify the degree of effectiveness of parent-teacher councils as perceived by supervisors, principals, and teachers. The descriptive correlative approach was used, and the study sample consisted of (48) supervisors, (116) principals, and (465) teachers, who were chosen by the available method. The results showed that the level of effectiveness of parent-teacher councils in primary schools in the Kasbah of Irbid was high, and the results of the study also showed that there were statistically significant differences between the study members’ estimates of the level of effectiveness of parent-teacher councils in basic schools due to the gender …


Description Of Urbanism In Ibn Farkoun's Poetry, Afnan Zalloum, Salah Jarrar May 2024

Description Of Urbanism In Ibn Farkoun's Poetry, Afnan Zalloum, Salah Jarrar

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

This study manifests In standing on some of what Ibn Farkoun organized in describing Andalusian architecture During the era of Bani al-Ahmar during the reign of King Yusuf III.

The study came in the first section introducing Ibn Farkoun and his literary and poetic production, as for the second section, it came to talk about Andalusian architecture as he described it in his poems. We find it describing palaces, domes and energies, stadiums, and shura councils that were held in the presence of Ibn Farkoun, accompanied by King Yusuf III, And the third section to display the technical characteristics of …


Level Of Administrative Excellence Among Arabic Schools’ Principals In The Green Line As Perceived By Principals And Teachers, Hanadi Hijazi, Nouwar Al-Hamad May 2024

Level Of Administrative Excellence Among Arabic Schools’ Principals In The Green Line As Perceived By Principals And Teachers, Hanadi Hijazi, Nouwar Al-Hamad

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

This study aimed to investigate the Level of administrative excellence among Arabic schools’ principals in the green line as perceived by principals and teachers. The sample of the study consisted of (546) individuals (166 principals and 380 teachers), selected through cluster random sampling. To achieve this aim, the study adopted the descriptive survey approach as a questionnaire was developed consisting of (31) items. The findings of the study showed that the level of administrative excellence among the principals of Arab schools in the Green Line is in a (big) degree. Further, there were no significant statistical differences at the level …


The Effectiveness Of Ketso Strategy On Improving Critical Reading Skills Among Preparatory Stage Students In Iraq, Thair Al-Dulaimi, Mohammad Al-Hawamdeh May 2024

The Effectiveness Of Ketso Strategy On Improving Critical Reading Skills Among Preparatory Stage Students In Iraq, Thair Al-Dulaimi, Mohammad Al-Hawamdeh

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of Ketso strategy on Improving Critical Reading Skills Among Preparatory Stage Students in Iraq. The study applied quasi-experimental design. As such, two groups of (65) students participated in the study, the experimental group of (33) students taught by Ketso strategy, while the control group of (32) students taught by conventional method. To collect the research data, critical reading skills tests were developed and used. The results of the study showed that the ketso strategy had a statistically significant effect at the significance level (α = 0.05) in improving critical reading skills, and in …


Organizational School Resilience In Arab Schools In Haifa District Within The Green Line From Teacher's Perspective, Wafa Zeidan, Ahmad Rathwan May 2024

Organizational School Resilience In Arab Schools In Haifa District Within The Green Line From Teacher's Perspective, Wafa Zeidan, Ahmad Rathwan

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

This study aimed to identify the level of organizational school resilience in Arab schools in Haifa district within the Green Line from teacher's perspective, and to know the effect of the variables gender, academic qualification, years of experience and type of school on that level. The study sample consisted of 382 teachers, who were chosen by the simple random method, a questionnaire was used as a tool for collecting the necessary data to achieve the objectives of the study, and the descriptive survey method was used. The results of the study showed that the level of Organizational School Resilience in …


The Role Of Principals In Integration Students With Special Needs In Arab School Within The Green Line, Wafa Murkus, Ahmad Rathwan May 2024

The Role Of Principals In Integration Students With Special Needs In Arab School Within The Green Line, Wafa Murkus, Ahmad Rathwan

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

This study aimed to identify the role of principals in integration students with special needs in Arab School within the green line, and know the impact of variables (gender, job title, educational qualification, and years of experience) in that role. A descriptive survey approach was used. To accomplish the objectives of the study, a questionnaire was built. The study sample consisted of 385 teachers, and 175 principals. The results of the study showed that the role of school principals in integrating people with special needs was moderate. The results, further, indicated that there were significant statistical differences at (α=0.05) in …


The Role Of School Principals In Employing E-Learning In Arab Schools Within The Green Line, Wafa Zidan, Ahmad Rathwan May 2024

The Role Of School Principals In Employing E-Learning In Arab Schools Within The Green Line, Wafa Zidan, Ahmad Rathwan

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

This study aimed to examine the role of School Principals in Employing E-learning in Arab School within the Green Line, and the effect of demographic variable (gender, degree, and years of experience) on the principal's role. A randomly chosen sample size of 380 teachers participated in this study. A questionnaire was used to collect data, the study used survey methodology. Results indicated a high level overall for the role of School Principals in Employing E-learning in Arab Schools, yet no significance difference at the (α=0.05) level for Employing E-learning in Arab School that can be attributed to the variables (gender, …


Cognitive Dispersal And Its Relationship To The Perceived Self-Efficacy Of Mothers In The Primary Stage In Zarqa Governorate Considering The Corona Pandemic, Hana Al-Zagharnha, Abdallah Al-Mahaireh May 2024

Cognitive Dispersal And Its Relationship To The Perceived Self-Efficacy Of Mothers In The Primary Stage In Zarqa Governorate Considering The Corona Pandemic, Hana Al-Zagharnha, Abdallah Al-Mahaireh

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

This study aimed to identify the level of cognitive dispersion and self-efficacy perceived by the mothers of primary stage students in Zarqa Governorate and to identify the nature of the relationship between cognitive dispersion and self-efficacy perceived by the mothers of primary stage students in Zarqa Governorate. The study sample consisted of (304) either, were selected in a simple random way, and to achieve the objectives of the study was the application of the measure of cognitive dispersion, and the measure of self-perceived efficiency developed by the researcher for the current study after finding the coefficients of honesty and constancy …


The Status Of Jordanian Teachers' Utilization Of E-Assessments During The Covid -19 Epidemic, Zakria Al-Mubasher May 2024

The Status Of Jordanian Teachers' Utilization Of E-Assessments During The Covid -19 Epidemic, Zakria Al-Mubasher

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

This study aimed to reveal the degree to which schoolteachers in Jordan use online e-assessment tools considering the spread of the Corona pandemic. The study population consisted of all teachers in Jordan, and the study sample was randomly selected and amounted to (360) male and female teachers. The study followed the descriptive-analytical method, and a questionnaire was used to collect data from the study sample. The questionnaire was distributed through (Google form) through teacher groups on social networking sites (Facebook and Twitter) and through the instant messaging program (WhatsApp); and data collection continued for (30) days and the validity and …


The Effect Of Implementing A Remedial Plan Based On Reading Strategies On Improving The Achievement Of Jordanian Efl Eleventh Grade Students Of The Vocational Stream In Reading Comprehension, Basmah Freihat May 2024

The Effect Of Implementing A Remedial Plan Based On Reading Strategies On Improving The Achievement Of Jordanian Efl Eleventh Grade Students Of The Vocational Stream In Reading Comprehension, Basmah Freihat

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

The study aimed at investigating the effect of implementing a remedial plan based on reading strategies on improving the achievement of Jordanian EFL eleventh grade students of the vocational stream in reading comprehension. The participants of the study were the being 80 eleventh grade male students who were chosen purposefully from the Northern Al-Mazar Directorate of Education from two intact sections of Hofa Comprehensive Secondary School for Boys. One was assigned as a control group which was taught by the guidelines of the Teacher's Book, and the other as an experimental group, which was taught the reading strategies base-remedial plan. …


The Predictability Of Defensive Pessimism In Academic Ambition Among Graduate Students At Yarmouk University, Esraa Hamdan, Manar Bni Mustafa May 2024

The Predictability Of Defensive Pessimism In Academic Ambition Among Graduate Students At Yarmouk University, Esraa Hamdan, Manar Bni Mustafa

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

This study aimed to reveal the predictive ability of defensive pessimism about the academic ambition of graduate students at Yarmouk University in the light of some variables: gender, marital status, work, academic stage, and specialization, where the study sample consisted of (292). Male and female students of the second semester of the academic year 2021/2022, It was selected according to the available method. The scale of academic ambition and defensive pessimism was built by the two researchers to achieve the study objectives, whereas the values of the correlation coefficients for the items of the defensive pessimism scale for construction honesty …


The Degree To Which Government Schools, Principals Use Strategic Planning In Reducing Educational Waste In The Capital Governorate Amman, Madian Khamees, Dalal Hawwash May 2024

The Degree To Which Government Schools, Principals Use Strategic Planning In Reducing Educational Waste In The Capital Governorate Amman, Madian Khamees, Dalal Hawwash

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

This study aimed to identify the degree to which government schools’ principles use strategic planning for reducing educational waste in the governorate of the capital city of Amman, from the point of view of the principles themselves. This study uses the questionnaire tool which is based on relevant searches focusing on five essential aspects: (school Vision, school mission, strategic objectives, analyzing the internal environment and external environment of the school). The study body consisted of 184 principals; males and females, intentionally selected, and it was a presented to specialists in the validity of the internal consistency. The results came out …


The Degree Of Prevalence Of Toxic Leadership Practices At Public Schools In Irbid Governorate And Its Relationship With Effectiveness Of Administrative Control As Perceived By Principals And Teachers, Abeer Ghanem, Aref Atari May 2024

The Degree Of Prevalence Of Toxic Leadership Practices At Public Schools In Irbid Governorate And Its Relationship With Effectiveness Of Administrative Control As Perceived By Principals And Teachers, Abeer Ghanem, Aref Atari

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

This study aimed to reveal the degree of prevalence of toxic leadership practices at public schools in Irbid governorate and its relationship with effectiveness of administrative control as perceived by principals, and teachers. The researchers used the descriptive correlative survey method, and the study population consisted of all principals, and teachers at public schools in Irbid Governorate, which numbered (713) principals and (17220) teachers. The study sample consisted of (248) principals and (377) teachers, and the study sample was chosen by simple random method from the study population. The researchers developed a tool consisting of (25) items to measure the …


The Role Of The School Administration In Activating The Use Of Information Technology At Schools Of Irbid Governorate, Duaa Khatatbah, Mohammad Ashour May 2024

The Role Of The School Administration In Activating The Use Of Information Technology At Schools Of Irbid Governorate, Duaa Khatatbah, Mohammad Ashour

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

This study aimed to identify the role of the school administration in activating the use of information technology at schools of Irbid Governorate. To achieve the study objectives descriptive survey method was used, the study population consisted of all teachers and school principals working in the Directorates of Education in Irbid Governorate, the study sample consisted of (265) male and female teachers and (114) male and female principals at Irbid Governorate schools. The study tool is represented by a questionnaire consisting of (21) items. The results of the study revealed that the role of the school principals in activating the …


The Degree Of Practicing The “Responsible Leadership” By Deans Of Faculties As Perceived By Academic Staff At Jordanian Universities, Najah Qasaimeh, Aref Atari May 2024

The Degree Of Practicing The “Responsible Leadership” By Deans Of Faculties As Perceived By Academic Staff At Jordanian Universities, Najah Qasaimeh, Aref Atari

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

This study aimed to investigate the degree of practicing of ‘Responsible Leadership’ by deans of faculties as perceived by academic staff at Jordanian universities. The descriptive methodology was employed, and a 4-dimension questionnaire composed of (37) items was administered to a sample of (350) academic staff in the first semester of 2021-2022. The four dimensions are: personal characteristics, relationship with followers, sense of responsibility and decision making. The findings revealed that the degree of practice was “mild”. The findings did not reveal statistically significant differences that could be attributed to the type of faculty. By contrast, statistically significant differences that …


The Degree Of Implementing The Developmental Plan In Improving The Educational Outcomes From School Principals’ Perceptions, Muhammad Badarneh May 2024

The Degree Of Implementing The Developmental Plan In Improving The Educational Outcomes From School Principals’ Perceptions, Muhammad Badarneh

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

This study aimed to identify the degree of implementing the developmental plan in improving the educational outcomes from school principals’ perceptions. The study sample consisted of (175) school principals. To achieve the study objectives, The study used descriptive approach. a questionnaire was used, and its validity and reliability were verified. The results revealed that the level of the degree of implementing the developmental plan in improving the educational outcomes from school principals' perceptions was moderate; there was statistically significant difference in the degree of implementing he developmental plan in improving the educational outcomes from school principals' perceptions in light of …


The Extent To Which School Principals In Ajloun Governorate Apply The Administrative Transparency As Perceived By Teachers And Educational Supervisors Point Of View, Ayaat Qawaqneh, Kayed Salameh May 2024

The Extent To Which School Principals In Ajloun Governorate Apply The Administrative Transparency As Perceived By Teachers And Educational Supervisors Point Of View, Ayaat Qawaqneh, Kayed Salameh

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

This study aimed to identify the Extent to which school principals in Ajloun Governorate apply the administrative transparency as perceived by teachers and educational supervisors point of view .To achieve the study's objectives descriptive survey method was used .The study sample consisted of (445) male and female teachers and (30) male and female educational supervisors in Ajloun Governorate schools .The study tool is represented by a questionnaire consisting of (21) items. The results of the study found that the extent to which school principals in Ajloun Governorate apply the administrative transparency as perceived by teachers and educational supervisors point of …


The Level Of Entrepreneurship Among Arabic Schools’ Principals In The Green Line As Perceived By Teachers, Ola Abedelhady, Nouwar Al-Hamad May 2024

The Level Of Entrepreneurship Among Arabic Schools’ Principals In The Green Line As Perceived By Teachers, Ola Abedelhady, Nouwar Al-Hamad

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

This study aimed to investigate the level of entrepreneurship among Arabic schools’ principals in the green line as perceived by teachers. The sample of the study consisted of (284) male and female teachers selected through random sampling. To achieve this aim, the study adopted the descriptive survey approach, as a questionnaire with (39) items was developed. The findings of the study showed that the level of entrepreneurship among Arabic schools’ principals is a big degree. Moreover, there were no significant statistical differences at the level of (α =0.05) between the means of teachers’ evaluations for the level of entrepreneurship among …


The Role Of Vocational Education Teachers In Instilling The Concept Of Vocational Education Among Students In Irbid Governorate' Schools From Teachers' View, Qaseem Hamadaneh May 2024

The Role Of Vocational Education Teachers In Instilling The Concept Of Vocational Education Among Students In Irbid Governorate' Schools From Teachers' View, Qaseem Hamadaneh

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

This study aimed to identify the role of vocational education teachers in instilling the concept of vocational education among students. The study population consisted of (752) teachers, and the study sample consisted of (152) teachers who study vocational education in Irbid Governorate schools in Jordan. To achieve the study goals, the descriptive approach, and a questionnaire consisting of (32) items divided into four domains: (cognitive, skill, emotional, and educational environment) domains were used. The results showed that the role of the vocational education teacher in instilling the concept of vocational education among students was (moderate), where the skill domain ranked …


The Reality Of Employing Intelligence In The Educational Process From The Point Of View Of The Principals Of Public Schools In Bani Obaid Distract, Deema Al-Ma'ani May 2024

The Reality Of Employing Intelligence In The Educational Process From The Point Of View Of The Principals Of Public Schools In Bani Obaid Distract, Deema Al-Ma'ani

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

This study aimed to identify the reality of employing artificial intelligence in the educational process from the point of view of the principals of public schools in the Bani Obaid District. The study sample consisted of (44) principals from among the principals of public schools in the Bain Obaid District of Irbid Governorate, and they were chosen by a simple random method. The study used the descriptive survey method, and the questionnaire was a tool for data collection and analysis, and the results showed an average reality of artificial intelligence employment in the educational process from the point of view …


The Degree Of The Importance Of The Welcoming Culture In The Integration And Participation Of Parents In The Remote Learning Of Their Children Considering The Corona Pandemic From The Point Of View Of Public-School Principals Who Hold An Advanced Leadersh, Enas Matalqah May 2024

The Degree Of The Importance Of The Welcoming Culture In The Integration And Participation Of Parents In The Remote Learning Of Their Children Considering The Corona Pandemic From The Point Of View Of Public-School Principals Who Hold An Advanced Leadersh, Enas Matalqah

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

This study aimed to identify the role of welcoming culture and its activation in integrating and participating parents in their children’s learning remotely in light of the Corona pandemic from the point of view of government school principals who obtained an advanced educational leadership diploma in Jordan from the point of view of teachers, and the study adopted the descriptive approach, the study sample consisted Of the principals of government schools who have obtained an advanced educational leadership diploma from the second to fifth batches, their number is (210), and they represent (50.4%) of the study population. The results showed …


Psychological And Physical Symptoms Among Palestinian Ex-Prisoners Released From Israeli Prisons, Rami Tashtoush, Abdullah Mousa May 2024

Psychological And Physical Symptoms Among Palestinian Ex-Prisoners Released From Israeli Prisons, Rami Tashtoush, Abdullah Mousa

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

This study aimed to reveal the level of psychological and physical symptoms and the nature of the Differences between them considering some variables among Palestinian ex-Prisoners released from Israeli Prisons, the study sample consisted of (517) males and females ex-Prisoners who were selected in the available way. To achieve the aim of the study, the psychological symptoms scale and the physical symptoms scale were used after finding the appropriate validity and reliability indications for them. The results of the study showed that the level of psychological symptoms among ex-Prisoners released was moderate, while the physical symptoms came low. The results …


Role Of Material In The Extent Of Satisfaction Of Football Referees In Jordan, Saddam Amara, Qusai Al-Shamayleh May 2024

Role Of Material In The Extent Of Satisfaction Of Football Referees In Jordan, Saddam Amara, Qusai Al-Shamayleh

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

This study aimed to identify the role of material reward and the satisfaction of football referees in the Jordanian Federation and identifying the differences in the level of the financial reward and the satisfaction of the football referees in the Jordanian Federation from their point of view. The researchers used the descriptive approach to suit the nature of the study's questions. The number of referees in the Jordanian Federation reached (260) referees. The study sample consisted of (71) referees who were chosen in a purposive sample method representing (28%) of the size of the study population. The researchers used the …