Education Commons^™

Considerations For Counseling Gays And Lesbians In "Coming Out", Robert Gene Galloway

Graduate Research Papers

A growing body of counselors and therapists are publishing books and articles to assist the helping profession in working with gay and lesbian clients. These professionals are part of a more open climate in dealing with gays and lesbians. An outcome of these more accepting attitudes is that the question of "curing homosexuality" is being replaced by concern for dealing with the presenting problems of the clients. This increased openness of counselors can be attributed to the removal of homosexuality from the list of psychiatric disorders over ten years ago, and to the concerns of the gay and lesbian community …

Black Americans' Attitudes Toward Black English, Susan Margaret Schwieger

Graduate Research Papers

This study examines the attitudes which Black Americans hold toward Black English, otherwise known in current literature as "Negro dialect,'' or "nonstandard Negro English."

The Advantages And Disadvantages Of The Dual-Career Life Style And Suggested Therapeutic Coping Strategies, James Patrick Aspinall

Graduate Research Papers

The term "dual-career• life style, coined by Rapoport & Rapoport, is defined as a life style in which both heads of household pursue a career while still maintaining a family life together with at least one child (Goldenberg & Goldenberg, 1984). The term •career• usually refers to a job a person is committed to and requires commitment in terms of time and energy in acquired training. In a career, the person is "highly salient• and wants to develop and pursue a career by advancing in pay, position, power, and responsibility (Parker, Peltier, Willeat, 1981).

Planning And Implementing Of Peer Counseling Programs: A Comparison Of Three Models, Barbara Colleen Osborne

Graduate Research Papers

The 100% to 700% increases in divorces affecting children, reported child abuse cases, and suicides have intensified pressures on American youth in the last two decades (U.S. Bureau of Census, 1980, 1982). Such pressures compound children's concerns about who they are and what worth they have to themselves and to others (Seegrist, 19 82) • Because of the heightened stress on youth and the resulting large additional demands on their school counselors' time, counselors have been under pressure to devise ways to deal with these additional responsibilities and concomitantly effectively manage the remaining myriad components of their counseling programs. Successful …

The Effectiveness Of Hypnosis Counseling, Doris Eide

Graduate Research Papers

The following paper is a review of literature concerned with the issue 11 Is hypnosis an effective counseling tool? 11 The paper focuses on four sequential and related topics: suggestibility, nonspecific treatment factors, efficacy, and locus of control. The paper presents both supportive and contrairdicated [sic] uses of hypnosis.

Minimum Competency Testing: Where It's Been And Where It's Going, Ronald L. Gumm

Graduate Research Papers

At the present time thirty-seven states have passed enabling legislation forming some type of minimum competency testing (henceforth to be called MCT). These tests can cover all students kindergarten to high school and currently affect 75% of our country's population. Many of these programs were started by state legislatures, groups that are not often swift and consistent in their actions. Lazarus (1980) says, 11 ••• it is remarkable to see so many states passing laws, which have at least some resemblance to one another, at a rate of several states per year. Competency testing must appear to hold special promise …

Using Motivation Constructs To Select Elementary Classroom Guidance Activities, Mary Kathleen Hunchis

Graduate Research Papers

Education Today: Manifestations of a Problem "Our nation is at risk," according to the National Commission on Excellence in Education.1 This report cites the following evidence, taken from a number of other studies, for the crises that exist in our schools today. 1. American students scored last on seven of nineteen academic tests comparing student achievement with other industrialized nations. 2. Compared to twenty-six years ago when Sputnik was launched, average high school student achievement on most standardized test scores has dropped. 3. An unbroken decline in the College Boards Scholastic Aptitude Test from 1963 to 1980 has been reported. …

A Review Of Selected Aspects Of Teacher Evaluation, Bill D. Maske

Graduate Research Papers

Over the years educational leaders have produced volumes of articles dealing with teacher evaluation. Since 1980 the literature has begun to increasingly focus on those components of effective teacher evaluation, which are specifically directed to instructional improvement. Current literature elaborates many factors that are important to the successful implementation of such evaluation systems. This paper examines twenty-eight post 1980 professional educational journal articles which review selected aspects of teacher evaluation. These aspects include, purposes for evaluation, obstacles to evaluation, focus for evaluation, and understandings required for effective evaluation.

A Microcomputer Package For Iowa School Student Activity Fund Accounting, John Roland Crossman

Graduate Research Papers

Since the late 197O 1 s, the use of data processing has steadily increased in Iowa schools. In dollars alone, expenditures for educational data processing grew from 5.6 million dollars to 15.7 million dollars, between the years 1977 and 1985 (1). The increase included dollars for classroom computing, as well as for administrative uses. 1 Chief among those administrative uses were financial applications in the business office. The increase in administrative usage was in part due to technological advances, making data processing less expensive and more available to schools; and in part due to recognition by the legislature, local boards …

Guided Imagery And Music, Katheen Muleady Seager

Graduate Research Papers

Guided Imagery and Music (GIM) is a technique that involves listening to carefully selected music in a relaxed and meditative state for the purpose of reaching altered states of consciousness, and allowing images, symbols, and deep feelings to arise from the inner self. This process facilitates therapeutic intervention, self-understanding, holistic healing and personal growth (Bonny, 1978b). The purpose of this paper is to examine the theoretical basis and development of GIM and to present examples of GIM usage in various therapeutic settings. GIM was selected for investigation because of its association with holistic health movements and applicability to death and …

Public High School Library Censorship, David Edward Hanneman

Graduate Research Papers

A primary responsibility of any administrator is to provide leadership and direction to the organization and its personnel. Often that leadership consists of anticipating problems and devising appropriate approaches to them before they threaten the organization. Today censorship of public high school library materials represents one of the major issues facing public school districts. This problem is spawned by a lack of tolerance between conservative and liberal individuals and organizations, both fighting for their own beliefs. To what extent censorship is handled effectively rests mainly with the direction given by the public school administrator before the censorship attempt arises.

Career And Educational Needs Of Adult Students, Alan Howard Long

Graduate Research Papers

The fastest growing segment of the college student population consists of adults age 25 and over. Adults are attending college in record numbers. The growth of this population is substantial. In 1974, adults comprised 39% of a total enrollment of 8 million, while in 5 years, their numbers had increased to 48% of 10 million total enrollment (Knox, 1979, p. 32). "Several factors have caused the burgeoning adult enrollment, job obsolescence and the subsequent need for retraining, increased numbers of women wishing to enter or reenter the job market, and the increased availability of leisure time" (Perrone, 1977, p. 27). …

Orthomolecular Therapy For The Treatment Of Mental Illness With Vitamins, Randall Lee Harding

Graduate Research Papers

The mentally ill patient has long been a major medical problem. Large numbers of our population need and receive help every year for mental illness. If a person has a physiological abnormality, such as a biochemical aberration, whether it effects his perception or his emotional control, he may not be able to respond to even highly trained professionals when it is viewed as a psychological disorder. If the correctable physiological abnormalities are found in even a small percentage of cases, treatment of these abnormalities could mean improvement for large numbers of children and adults with diagnosis of autism, paranoia, schizophrenia, …

A Review Of Selected External Degree Programs In The United States, Marcia A. Kisner

Graduate Research Papers

The dramatic growth of higher education in the United States since the end of World War II, and, particularly, the rapid rise in the number of community colleges in the 1960's, give evidence of the desire of Americans for greater opportunities to go beyond earlier schooling to meet their learning needs and interests (Houle, 1974). External degree programs are providing students with programs that allow them to receive an education, meet goals of personal satisfaction, promotional success, and career expectations (Kiplinger Washington Editors, 1983).

Counselor Intentionality As A Variable In The Psychotherapeutic Process, Penelope M. Fox

Graduate Research Papers

A substantial body of research indicates that counselor behavior in the counseling/psychotherapeutic process is of great importance. Rogers (1957) suggested that counselor behavior must serve as a channel for fullfilling the necessary conditions of empathy, warmth and genuiness for client growth. Sloane et al. (1975) reported the potent 3 effect on outcome of therapist variables. Goodman & Dooley {1976) devised a response taxonomy to categorize counselor behaviors. Ivey & Authier (1978) proposed microcounseling training to teach specific counselor behaviors.

The Causes Of Adolescent Suicide, Elaine Ann Pfalzgraf

Graduate Research Papers

In one year in the U.S., 500,000 young people between the ages of 10 and 24 will attempt suicide and more than 5,000 will succeed, Jensen (1984). In his article "Adolescent Suicide: A Tragedy of Our Times" (1984), Jensen notes that suicide is the second leading cause of death in young people in this nation between the ages of 10 and 24. He writes that the rate of adolescent suicides began increasing in the mid-1950's and has tripled since 1960. In addition to these statistics, 85% of all adolescents in the U.S. think about suicide at some time and 50% …

Black And White Students' Test Scores: Factors Leading To Decreasing Discrepancies, Diana Anita Fortenberry

Graduate Research Papers

What exists when there are two lines approaching one another, but fail to join in order to form one line? -- a gap. There has been a mysterious proliferation of gaps in recent years. For instance, there's the generation gap. That's where a wide area of misunderstanding exists between the young and the old. Then there is the communication gap. That is not being able to effectively relate to another. But what of the testing gap? More specifically the chasm that exists between test scores of black and white students. Throughout the years it can be said that this gap …

Overview Of Women And Work: Survival Strategies For Successful Living Alone, Dolores Wolf

Graduate Research Papers

To learn more about how people successfully live alone and to be able to identify the number one concern of living alone - loneliness - and how individuals deal with this concern. To formulate a guide of survival strategies to be used in informing others of how to be capable of living full and productive lives on their own.

Homogeneous Ability Grouping, Ross M. Opsal

Graduate Research Papers

The central message of this review is that nothing about homogeneous ability grouping has been established with certainty. It seems that only the emphasis of the reviews has changed with the passing years. The earlier reviews seem to indicate that homogeneous ability grouping is effective and should be considered as a teaching strategy. The more recent reviews seem to indicate that homogeneous ability grouping is not effective and, in fact, can be potentially harmful to the student population. In today's era of equal opportunity, the tide has gradually turned against homogeneous ability grouping. Today's reviews focus on the possible negative …

An Annotated Bibliography Of Art Literature For Grades Four Through Eight, Shelly A. Johnson

Graduate Research Papers

The visual arts, a discipline, with a history and knowledge base is a required component of the elementary and middle school curriculum. In order to learn the language of visual symbols resources are needed. The assumption that books which deal with various topics spanning the spectrum of art will provide a link between visual and verbal information and provide, in part, necessary assistance to students in their study of art is the premise on which this research paper is based.

As a result of research into available art related books at three school libraries, one public library and one university …

The Sources, Symptoms And Alleviators Of Childhood Stress, Debra Colleen Pagitt

Graduate Research Papers

With the fast pace of our technological society, statistics demonstrate that more and more children are victims of childhood stress (Miller, 1982). For example, child suicide has become the "eighth leading cause of death in children ages 8-14 and has become the second leading cause of death for those in the 15-24 year old age group" (Arent, 1984, p. 223). The increases in child and teen drug/alcohol addiction along with the increased number of children identified, labeled and placed in school programs for the emotionally disturbed, attest to the fact that many children are choosing dramatic ways to exhibit stress …

The Effects Of Family And Self Concept On Women's Career Development, Gail Johnson Huberg

Graduate Research Papers

With an ever-increasing number of women in the labor force (Oppenheimer, 1970; statistical Abstract of the U.S., 1984), it has become more important to understand women's career development. Despite large numbers of women in the labor force, women continue to be concentrated in a relatively few occupations such as teaching, secretarial, and nursing (Statistical Abstract of the U.S., 1984), and thus are often limited in income and freedom of choice and expression in the work place.

The Teaching Of Student Responsibility, Respect For Self, Others And Property, Mark Douglas Farland

Graduate Research Papers

One of the district-wide goals of the Cedar Falls Community School District during the 1980-81 school year was to "emphasize the importance of teaching student responsibility, respect for self, others and property." The writer was appointed to a district-wide committee charged with the responsibility for identifying a program to achieve that goal. For students, educators, and society the importance of the goal is unchallenged. While much has been written on the topics of student responsibility and student respect, the terms have a vagueness and complexity which seemed to the writer to warrant additional research.

A Review Of Selected Aspects Of The Secondary School Student Activities Program, Tom Kotz

Graduate Research Papers

Since the 1970 1 s many school districts have experienced increased financial problems and declining student achievement levels. These problems have provided critics with new opportunities to voice their position and suggest changes in educational programs. As a result, every program in the educational system is being scrutinized. Critics typically agree on the importance of the core curriculum in meeting educational goals, but question the need for non-core programs. Some researchers conclude that such programs as physical education, driver education, and student activities are actually a hindrance to education (Pines, 1982; Sizer, 1984).

Developmental Guidance: Teacher Role And Competencies, Bonita Marie Dahlhauser

Graduate Research Papers

Over the past 25 years, elementary school guidance has come into being and struggled to develop its own character. While its secondary school counterpart was born from the need for vocational guidance and grew to provide both educational guidance and career development (Aubrey, 1982), elementary school guidance has come to be characterized increasingly by a developmental approach (Muro & Miller, 1983). In 1977, Struck surveyed publications of state departments of education throughout the United States and found that philosophies of elementary school guidance in most of these states described their programs as developmental in nature, focused on meeting individual needs, …

Visual Literacy: Implications For Corporate Communications, Marion Hazzard

Graduate Research Papers

Visual literacy, the ability to encode and decode visual messages, is a relatively new concept. Most visual literacy efforts are directed toward school children; very little research and development addresses adults' visual literacy and the potential effects of visual literacy on corporate communications. This paper focuses on visual literacy for adult professional communicators. By examining the background and theory of visual literacy, and tracing the use of visual communication in modern business, a rationale will be established for visual literacy training in the corporate setting.

Comprehension Elements In Three Kindergarten Basals, Cynthia Ann Mathiesen

Graduate Research Papers

Despite our capacity for obtaining information in a variety of ways, reading remains a very important tool , The process of learning to read begins before reading readiness activities are introduced in Kindergarten. The heart of the reading process is comprehension, and the primary aim of reading instruction is to develop readers who understand and react to what they read (McCracken & McCracken, 1972). In short, they must comprehend the passage.

Current Discipline Techniques And Their Effectiveness As Implemented By Elementary School Principals, Neal Hadden

Graduate Research Papers

Disruptive student behavior is a subject of increasing concern to educators and citizens throughout our society. The success and/or failure of teachers and other school officials is often judged in terms of their ability to maintain effective pupil control. The maintenance of order and discipline in the classroom is at the top of the list of problems which teachers consider to be their major difficulties. As the educational head of the elementary public school, the elementary principal is responsible to maintain good pupil discipline. The elementary principal may find it necessary to deal with problems during school hours and before …

Development Of A Communications Guide To Assist In The Translation Of Hospital Mergers, Mary N. Kainer

Graduate Research Papers

A major communication problem facing hospitals today is explaining how and why hospitals are reshaping their service capacities in response to changing health financing incentives and declining utilization of inpatient acute service. Hospitals are having to adapt and redefine their roles because they have fewer inpatients and because payors are changing their methods of paying for health care through insurance.

The Effects Of Teacher Behaviors On Students' Reading Strategies, Karla Rekers Ostby

Graduate Research Papers

The reading achievement of school-age children has been a major issue in education for many years. Numerous articles have been written about declining reading achievement scores and the result has been a great deal of research focused on identifying effective instructional programs. Many basal reading programs have been written in an attempt to develop the "perfect" reading instruction program. However, as Bond and Dykstra (1967) concluded, the most important variable in reading instruction is not the reading program but the teacher.