Education Commons^™

Observation Of Emerging Hand Preference Reflected In Hemispheric Eeg Patterns In Infants With Typical Development, Kashish H. Chainani, Riley Elmer, Erika G. Mora, Beth A. Smith

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

ABSTRACT

Reaching behavior in infants typically emerges around 4 months of age. Neural mechanisms reflected in reaching behavior are crucial for understanding brain organization, cognitive processing, and typical neuromotor development.

PURPOSE:

This study investigates the relationship between emerging hand bias and hemispheric electroencephalography (EEG) activity in infants with typical development. We hypothesize that within subjects, brain activation (EEG relative power) will be greater in the left hemisphere (C3) in infants with right reach bias (RB) and greater in the right hemisphere (C4) in infants with left reach bias (LB), with no significant differences between hemispheres for infants with no reach …

Relationships Between Depression And Body Composition In Collegiate Athletes And Non-Athletes, Aysha W. Cunningham, Keegan Pulford-Thorpe, Edward Kerr Iii, Tamara Hew-Butler

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Up to 62.9% of the general college student population report depression. Whether or not collegiate athletes have higher or lower depression scores remains unclear. PURPOSE: To 1) determine the incidence of depression at a midwestern university and 2) explore relationships between depression and body composition in collegiate athletes and non-athletes. METHODS: A convenience sample of student-athletes and non-athletes, from a NCAA Division II school, were screened for depression using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression – Revised (CESD-R) scale. The threshold for depression was ≥16. Total body composition was assessed using a dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanner (Hologic, Horizon …

The Effects Of Altitude Hypoxia In Simulated Racing, Yahtziri Martinez, Daniela Torres, Evelin Ramirez Nila, Nathaniel Bodell

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

High-altitude environments impair physical and cognitive performance due to reduced oxygen availability. While hypoxia’s effects on endurance and cognition are well-documented, little is known about its impact on simulated racing performance, which may inform preparation for motorsport events held at altitude. PURPOSE: To examine the acute effects of simulated moderate altitude (~2,500 m) on performance, physiology, and cognition during a simulated racing task. METHODS: Thirteen healthy participants (mean age = 24.15 ± 5.83 y) completed two randomized crossover sessions one week apart: normoxia (~500 m) and hypoxia (~2,500 m), simulated with the Hypoxico Everest II. Outcome measures included …

Acute Effects Of Backpack Load Carriage On Vascular Stiffness And Pinch Strength, Madison Mower, Sean C. Newcomer, Osmar Pinto Neto, Deborah L. Feairheller, Deanna J. Schmidt

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Backpack load carriage has been shown to affect upper limb microvascular blood flow, nerve conduction and fine motor skills. But to the best of our knowledge Pulse Wave Analysis (PWA) measurements have yet to be reported pre- and post-carriage. PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to investigate the acute effects of backpack carriage on vascular stiffness and hand function which may inform injury prevention strategies for individuals in physically demanding occupations requiring backpack carriage. METHODS: Thirteen healthy participants (5 F, 8 M; mean ± SD of 27.1 ± 7.4 yrs, 80.1 ± 19.8 kg) recruited as a …

Concurrent Heart Rate Validity And Reliability Of Polar Verity Sense Devices During Light And Moderate Intensity Resistance Training In Recreationally Active Adults, Kynlee Sperry, Catalina Kerwin, Juni Timmins, Jamaal Bovell, Jose Vasquez, Satereh (Star) Zarei, Jeff Guzman, Nathaniel Bodell, James W. Navalta Facsm, Marcus M. Lawrence

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Our laboratory previously determined that while wrist-worn wearable technology devices (e.g. Garmin watches) are not valid or reliable for heart rate, bicep-worn wearable technology devices (e.g., Polar Verity Sense) were valid and reliable for heart rate during light intensity resistance training (RT). However, these devices have never been tested for validity or reliability with varied intensities during resistance training. PURPOSE: To determine the concurrent validity and reliability of identical Polar Verity Sense bicep-worn devices to assess valid measures of average and maximum heart rate (HR) during light and moderately heavy RT. METHODS: Twenty adults (n=16 male, n=4 female, age: 25.65±8.59 …

Sex Differences In Perceived Stress And Emotional Eating Patterns Among College Students, Colton P. Reger, Claire Lindemier, Cody Takenaka, Nickolas Urias, Kaley Brennan, Alyssa Frumkin, Zachary Zeigler

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

This study examined sex differences in perceived stress and emotional eating behaviors among college students (N = 283; 164 males, 119 females; Mean age = 20.82 years, SD = 3.29). Participants completed the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ), and Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ). Analysis of variance revealed significant sex differences in several key measures. Female students reported higher levels of perceived stress (M = 20.19, SD = 5.58) compared to male students (M = 17.50, SD = 6.39; p = .001). Regarding eating behaviors, females scored significantly higher on emotional eating (TFEQ-emotional: M = 2.43, SD = …

The Impact Of Deadlift Exercise Intensity On Rating Of Perceived Exertion, Perceived Fatigue And Anxiety During An Acute Session In Recreationally Active Adults, Juni Timmins, Kynlee Sperry, Catalina Kerwin, Jae Bovell, Jose Vasquez, Setareh Zarei, Jeff Guzman, Nathaniel Bodell, James W. Navalta Facsm, Marcus M. Lawrence

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Most literature examining the influence of exercise intensity on anxiety symptoms has been aerobic training and has found high-intensity efforts to be more beneficial than low-intensity on reducing symptoms. Yet, no study has directly assessed resistance training exercise intensity on anxiety symptoms and other perceptual outcomes acutely. PURPOSE: To determine the impact of deadlift exercise intensity on rating of perceived exertion (RPE), perceived fatigue and anxiety during an acute session. METHODS: 20 recreationally active adults (n=4 females, n=16 males, age: 25.7±8.6 yrs; mass: 92.8±29.7 kg; height: 179.4±9.8 cm) completed 4 sets of 6 repetitions of the deadlift exercise at a …

Gender Moderation Of Academic Performance And Blood Pressure Relationships Among College Students, Kayley E. Brennan, Elise Bayer, Lindsay Carter, Zachary Zeigler

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Academic stress and performance may influence cardiovascular health in college students, but the relationship remains unclear. Previous research examining grade point average (GPA) and blood pressure has yielded inconsistent findings, potentially due to unexamined, gender differences. PURPOSE: To investigate whether gender moderates the relationship between academic performance and blood pressure in college students. METHODS: College students (n=106, 60.4% male, age range 18-24 years) provided GPA data and underwent blood pressure assessment, including brachial systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) measurements. Independent t-tests compared, gender differences. Hierarchical moderated regression tested GPA x gender interactions, with gender-stratified correlations calculated separately. RESULTS: Females demonstrated …

High-Dose Sodium Supplementation On Cardiovascular Responses While Cycling In The Heat, Ryan Ott, Abram Caruso, Sterling Hatch, Melanie Mcquinn, Melani Kelly, Andrew Creer, Shane Draper

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Sodium intake plays a major role in maintaining fluid-electrolyte balance and cardiovascular function during exercise. PURPOSE: To evaluate how a high-dose sodium supplement impacts heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). METHODS: Twenty recreationally active participants (15 males, 5 females; age = 23.4 ± 2.8) completed a 2-h bout of cycling in an environmental chamber (37.3℃, 59.1 ± 4.4% relative humidity) on two occasions separated by > 7 days. Participants were randomly provided a large-dose sodium supplement (810mg/532 mL of water) before one trial. Participants were instructed to consume 266mL 1-h pre-trial and consumed the …

Investigating Respiratory Frequency As A Core Temperature Proxy In Division 1 American Football, Beverly Albert, Shane Draper, Paula Johnson, Victor Romano, Scott Willis

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Exertional heat illness (EHI) is a leading cause of preventable sudden death in sports. American football (AmFb) accounts for 75% of reported heat-related illnesses in NCAA sports. EHI fatalities in AmFb have surpassed those from direct trauma since 1990, mainly occurring during preseason practices when wet bulb globe temperatures (WBGT) exceed 27.8°C. Although internal temperature monitoring has been explored, the relationship between electrocardiogram-derived respiratory frequency (EDR) and core temperature (Tc) remains undefined. PURPOSE: This study aims to evaluate EDR as a non-invasive, real-time monitoring strategy for heat stress compared to ECG-Tc during preseason practices. METHODS: Six University of Utah football …

Evaluating Participant Responsivness To The Chair Based Resistance Program, Eileen A. Nunez-Ortiz, Zakkoyya Lewis

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Physical inactivity among older adults remains a major public health concern, with fewer than 15% meeting national guidelines. Resistance training has been proven to help prevent these outcomes, yet participation remains low. This research utilized the OYO Fitness Program, an 8-week chair-based intervention using the portable OYO double flex device to offer a more accessible and inclusive approach to resistance training for older adults. PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to examine participants' responsiveness to the program, with a focus on post-program focus group findings. METHODS: Adults ages 65 and older (n = 28) completed the 8-week program across …

The Impact Of Resistance Exercise Intensity And Position Of Wrist-Worn Wearable Technology Devices Measuring Heart Rate Validity During An Acute Session In Recreationally Active Adults, Catalina M. Kerwin, Jae Bovell, Kynlee Sperry, Juni Timmins, Jose Vasquez, Setareh Zarei, Jeff Guzman, Nathaniel Bodell, James W. Navalta Facsm, Marcus M. Lawrence

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Wearable technology is widely used in recreational exercise. We recently found that wrist-worn devices (e.g., Garmin Instinct) were not valid or reliable for measuring average or maximal heart rate (HR) during resistance training (RT). We postulated that lack of accuracy could be due to the intensity of RT or even positioning of the device on the wrist. PURPOSE: To determine the impact of RT intensity or wrist position on average or maximal HR validity and reliability of identical wrist-worn Garmin Instincts. METHODS: 21 recreationally active adults (n=4 females, n=17 males, age: 25.7±8.6 yrs; mass: 92.8±29.7 kg; height: 179.4±9.8 cm) completed …

Acute Effects Of Asymmetric Loading On Hip Loading And Oblique Muscle Activation During Walking Gait, Kevin Almontes, Sarah Browning, Dawn Veditz, Owen Mccarry, Scott J. Hazelwood, Christiane R. O'Hara

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Asymmetric load carriage is a common daily task and may alter gait mechanics, potentially increasing the risk of musculoskeletal strain and injury. This study examined the acute effects of asymmetric loading on hip joint mechanics and external oblique muscle activity during walking in healthy young adults. Six participants (4 female, 2 male; mean age 21.6 ± 1.1 years) completed three walking trials each of unloaded, symmetrically loaded, and asymmetrically loaded (right side) conditions, with loads equal to 10% of body weight. Kinematic, kinetic, and electromyographic data were collected using a motion capture system, force plate, and surface EMG sensors placed …

Walking On An Omnidirectional Treadmill: Implications For Gait Training, Wendy T. Pham, Gwendolyn Retzinger, Blake Bigham, Kayla E. Hori, Jacob Hinkel-Lipsker

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Virtual reality (VR) has been increasingly used for rehabilitative gait training, however, and only training on a unidirectional treadmill limit the replication of real-world walking. Thus, the omnidirectional frictionless treadmills allow users to slide on a concave surface enhancing the VR experience while imposing new gait challenges. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine the differences in gait kinematics and muscle activation in healthy participants between omnidirectional treadmills and traditional modalities like conventional treadmills and overground. We hypothesize that there will be a significant difference in cadence and gastrocnemius muscle activity between the omnidirectional treadmill with virtual …

Prediction Of Collegiate Pitching Performance From Longitudinal Neuromuscular Performance Testing Data, Evan Kroll, Arnel Aguinaldo Facsm, Jacob R. Goodin, Hillary Plummer

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

BACKGROUND: Objective performance testing has become central to baseball, offering insights into force production, neuromuscular readiness, and joint-specific strength that are often invisible through observation. Despite advances in pitch tracking, no study has examined the relationship between these testing outcomes and advanced in-game metrics such as Stuff+. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictive accuracy of neuromuscular performance testing metrics in forecasting pitching performance defined by Stuff+. METHODS: NCAA Division II pitchers were monitored during the 2025 season using countermovement jump (CMJ) and isometric strength testing, paired with in-game ball flight data. Each …

Effect Of Walking With Blood Flow Restriction On Post-Exercise Hypotension In Individuals With High Bmi, Iltark Yoon, Kathryn Connors, Sarah Krager, Kaylee Hauck, Marcos Gutierrez, Jong-Kyung Kim

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: this study is to assess whether walking with blood flow restriction (BFR) induced post exercise hypotension (PEH), and the reduction in blood pressure (BP) was due to peripheral vasodilation in individuals with individuals with high BMI. Methods: Ten male participants were recruited in this study. The participants was randomly assigned to walk for 10 minutes at 6.4 k/m, 0% grade with or without BFR. Following exercise, BP was measured at 10 min interval for 60 minutes in a seated position. Heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and total peripheral resistance (TPR) were …

Equilibrium Or Silence, Why Understanding The Balance Is Crucial, Kayla E. Hori, Jacob Hinkel-Lipsker, Marek R. Kwasek, Sarkis Sarkisyan, Kenneth M. Mazariegos

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: People who are Deaf and hard of hearing have an “invisible” disability because they can do everything except hear. The inner ear has two primary functions: sound and balance. The purpose of a cochlear implant is to restore and simulate the loss of sounds sensed by the auditory nerve. METHODS: A total of 20 subjects, including 10 Deaf with both-sided users, 10 Deaf with one-sided users, 10 Deaf without CIs, and 10 normal-hearing subjects performed bilateral (BLS) and single-leg stance tests (SLS) with open eyes (OE) and closed eyes (CE), on the ground or foam pads, and the Y-Balance …

Relationship Between Lower Body Performance Testing Metrics And Pelvis Energy Flow In Collegiate Baseball Hitting, Adrian Ramirez, Arnel Aguinaldo

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The baseball swing is a complex sequence of coordinated movements in which pelvis energy flow plays a central role in driving swing efficiency and performance. However, the relationship between lower-body performance testing metrics and mechanical energy flow during the swing is not well understood. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between lower-body performance metrics and energy flow during baseball hitting. METHODS: Eleven collegiate hitters (age: 20.7 ± 1.4 years) first underwent a battery of performance tests, including the countermovement jump (CMJ), isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP), hip abduction and adduction isometric strength, and passive …

Using Lower Body Power To Predict Upper Body Bone Strength In Thalassemia Patients, Emily J. Van Horn

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Thalassemia is a disease that reduces the body’s ability to produce hemoglobin. Thalassemia patients experience fatigue and avoid physical activity leading to low bone mass. Studies have reported that peak vertical jump power at take off calculated from a standing vertical jump (PPVJ) predicts tibial bone strength (TBS) including strain index (SSI) and cortical area (Ct.Ar.) (r=.69-.78) (Janz, 2015; Yingling, 2018 & 2020). Bone adaptation in response to mechanical loading is site specific. However, there is data that suggests peak power also predicts radial bone strength (RBS) (Yingling, 2021). Power has also been measured using a sit to stand power …

The Effect Of Creatine Supplementation On Acute Exercise Glycemic Control, Marine A. R. Brissot, Rodolfo Mendez, Joshua R. Clarin, Evan E. Schick, Joshua A. Cotter, Adam Z. Zeidan, Kurt A. Escobar

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Creatine monohydrate is a popular dietary supplement often utilized for its benefits in enhancing training adaptations and performance by increasing muscle phosphocreatine content. However, growing literature suggests that creatine supplementation may provide health-related benefits including improved glycemic control, particularly with the addition of exercise. PURPOSE: The present study aimed to explore the effects of creatine monohydrate supplementation on glycemic response in an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) following an acute bout of resistance exercise in recreationally active, resistance trained individuals. METHODS: A total of 20 resistance-trained participants (17 males and 3 females, age 22.5 ± 4.5 years, height …

Isometric Force Production Is Not Affected By Shoulder Abduction Position During Chest Press In Recreationally Trained Men, Colin J. Stas, Paulo H. Marchetti

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of two different shoulder abduction positions on maximal force production during the isometric bench press exercise in recreationally trained men. METHODS: Twenty participants (25 ± 4.2 years, 178.6 ± 8 cm, 83.9 ± 12.8 kg) performed the maximal isometric bench press exercise at 60° and 90° of shoulder abduction. Participants were seated on a vertical bench press machine with a neutral grip and 90° of elbow flexion. Grip width was standardized at 2x the biacromial distance. Each participant was randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions: (1) maximal …

Alterations In Exercise Capacity In Mice With St8sia2-Dependent Long Polysialic Acid Chains, Brad H. Parks, Ellen C. Breen

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

St8Sia2 gene overexpression in mice simulates a human-like mutation which occurred through the process of evolution more than 100,000 years ago. This mutation results in longer polysialic acid chains on the surface of cells. Polysialic acid chains play a role in cell-cell signaling, particularly in the hippocampus, due to the ability to bind to growth factors including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2). Exercise is a well-known stimulus in increasing hippocampal neurogenesis through BDNF. Therefore, We hypothesized that overexpression of ST8Sia2 would improve the exercise training response and augment exercise-induced neurogenesis. Male and female wild type, …

Exercise Intervention On Young-Adult Thalassemia Patients A Case Study, Viviana N. Preciado, Vanessa Yingling Phd, Ellen Fung Phd, Jennifer Sherwood Phd

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Thalassemia is a hereditary hemoglobin synthesis disorder that reduces oxygen delivery to the tissues, resulting in extreme fatigue, so that individuals live very sedentary lifestyles. Exercise is essential to improve muscle strength, cardiovascular endurance, and the ability to perform daily tasks. PURPOSE: This case study was designed to assess the effects of a 12-week home based intervention of daily aerobic and strength training exercise to improve body composition and muscle function in Thalassemia patients. METHODS: Male subjects, ages 15-40 yrs, (n=3) participating in a 12-week exercise intervention, were asked to engage in 30 minutes of aerobic exercise 3 days/week and …

Assessing Repeatability Of Lower Limb Power In A Thalassemia Population, Angelos R. Resendez, Mohit Prasad, Vanessa Yingling Phd, Ellen Fung Phd, Jennifer Sherwood Phd

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

ABSTRACT

Thalassemia (Thal) is a disease that reduces the body's ability to produce hemoglobin. Without a sufficient amount of hemoglobin, individuals with Thal experience extreme fatigue and anemia. These physical imitations raise questions about the reliability of the vertical jump test with a Thal population. Purpose: To determine if the vertical jump test can produce repeatable results in a Thal population.

Methods:

Vertical jump repeatability was assessed in two sessions, 12 weeks apart, for fourteen participants with Thalassemia (11 males, 3 females). Between the two sessions, subjects were instructed not to change activity patterns. Reach and maximum jump height were …

Gender Differences In Weight Cycling And Cardiovascular Health, Lindsay A. Carter, Kayley Brennan, Lillian M. Tang, Ella Browder, Elise C. Bayer, Brooke Chapman, Elizabeth Liu, Paige Albrecht, Zachary Zeigler

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Weight cycling, the repeated pattern of weight loss and regain, is common among college students and may negatively impact cardiovascular health. Previous research suggests potential sex differences in physiological responses to weight fluctuations, but limited studies have examined whether gender moderates the relationship between weight cycling behaviors and cardiovascular outcomes. PURPOSE: To examine whether gender significantly moderates the relationship between weight cycling behavior and cardiovascular health outcomes in college students. METHODS: College students (n=284, 58% male, age=20.8±3.2 years) completed weight cycling assessments including the Weight Cycling Index (WCI) and number of 10+ pound weight cycles. Cardiovascular measures included …

Feasibility Of A Remotely Delivered High Intensity Functional Training Program In Individuals With Post-Stroke Aphasia, Lauren Cervantes, Amelia Harrelson, Ferdaus Ghafury, Christian Thompson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

ABSTRACT Exercise boosts physical health in clinical populations, and high intensity training (HIT) has been found to improve fitness to a greater and faster degree than moderate intensity training. However, there is a lack of research on the feasibility and safety of remotely delivered HIT in chronic stroke survivors, and particularly those with aphasia. PURPOSE We studied the safety and feasibility of Aphasia Physical Exercise (APEX), a remotely delivered HIT program for those with post—stroke aphasia. We measured feasibility by avoidance of adverse events (e.g., injuries), high adherence rates and participants' ability to meet the prescribed exercise intensity during individual …

Super Smash Bros. Ultimate Player Skill Influences Simple And Spatially-Cued Reaction Speeds Without Impacting Impulsivity, Joshua Meyers, Adam Hassane, Dillon Harris, Zachary R. Mcfadden, Steven B. Machek

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Super Smash Bros Ultimate (SSBU) is a prevalent but under-researched Esports title that requires efficient decision making to execute game-specific strategies. Purpose: To identify any potential differences in reaction time and impulsivity across different SSBU player skill levels. Methods: Twenty-four casual (CAS; 25±4y; 23M/1F) and 20 elite (ES 23±4y; all male) SSBU Esports athletes, as well as 21 non-gaming controls (NG; 23±5y; 3M/18F) volunteered for the present cross-sectional investigation, completing both a simple reaction time (SRT) test, Go/No-Go (GNG) assessment, and Posner Cueing Task (PCT) in-person using the PsyToolKit browser-based application. Best and mean SRT, GNG metrics (Go reaction speed …

The Knowledge Gap In Secondary Physical Education Teachers In Resistance Training Implementation, Erin K. Furtak

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The previous opinion has been that resistance training can have adverse effects on youth and adolescents. In many physical education classes, resistance training is not taught to students. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to understand the education history, current teaching practices, and knowledge of secondary physical education teachers in resistance training principles. The results of this study can be used to determine the gaps in knowledge and create further training for in-service teachers and update curricula within credential programs. METHODS: A 35-item survey and a 35-item knowledge assessment were sent to teachers across the state of California via …

Lower Extremity Movement Strategies Of Defensive Flag Pulling In Flag Football, Claudia De La Cruz, Rianne L. Aguilar, Travis Peterson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: This study aimed to analyze lower extremity movement strategies as defensive players prepare for the flag pull action. METHODS: Eleven female flag football players (minimum high school varsity level) volunteered to participate in this study. Participants were instructed to pull the flag of a stationary dummy placed 3 yards away as fast as possible. Trials were conducted in three directions: 45 degrees left from center (L), forward (F), and 45 degrees right from center (R). Motion capture (Vicon, 120 Hz) and video analysis were used to analyze technique. A repeated measures ANOVA test was conducted to determine differences in …

Effect Of Acute Grape Seed Extract Supplementation On The Heart Rate Recovery Kinetics In Individuals With High Bmi, Kathryn Connors, Sara Krager, Iltark Yoon, Kaylee Hauck, Jong-Kyung Kim

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Studies have suggested that post-exercise heart rate recovery (PHRR) is a useful tool in evaluating dysfunction of autonomic nervous system. Individuals with hign BMI are characterized by heightened sympathetic out, inducing delayed HRR. Although grape seed extract (GSE) supplementation has been shown to increase nitric oxide production and decrease overactive sympathetic activity, there is limited evidence on its potential beneficial effects on PHRR. Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of GSE supplementation on PHRR following a maximal exercise tesing using a cycle. Methods: Participants were randomly assigned via a double-blind, cross-over design to either receive …