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Articles 91 - 120 of 660
Full-Text Articles in Education
Signaling The Competencies Of High School Students To Employers, John H. Bishop
Signaling The Competencies Of High School Students To Employers, John H. Bishop
John H Bishop
[Excerpt] The fundamental cause of the low effort level of American students, parents, and voters in school elections is the absence of good signals of effort and accomplishment and the consequent lack of rewards for learning. In most other advanced countries mastery of the curriculum is assessed by examinations that are set and graded at the national or regional level. Grades on these exams signal the student's achievement to employers and colleges and influence the jobs that graduates get and the universities and programs to which they are admitted. Exam results also influence school reputations and in some countries the …
Are National Exit Examinations Important For Educational Efficiency?, John H. Bishop
Are National Exit Examinations Important For Educational Efficiency?, John H. Bishop
John H Bishop
“This paper analyses effects of national or provincial exit examinations on education quality. On theoretical grounds, the paper argues that such examinations should increase high school achievement, particularly in examination subjects, and that teachers and students and parents and school administrators should focus more on academic achievement when making school-quality decisions. On the negative side, exit examinations may lead to a tendency to concentrate on learning facts, rather than understanding contexts.”
Secondary Education In The United States: What Can Others Learn From Our Mistakes?, John H. Bishop , Ferran Mane, Michael Bishop
Secondary Education In The United States: What Can Others Learn From Our Mistakes?, John H. Bishop , Ferran Mane, Michael Bishop
John H Bishop
Secondary schools are the least successful component of the U.S. education system. Students learn considerably less than in other industrialized nations and dropout rates are significantly higher. This paper provides an explanation for this failure, describes the standards based reforms strategies that many states are implementing to attack these problems, and evaluates the success of these efforts.
The Impacts Of School-Business Partnerships On The Early Labor-Market Success Of Students, John H. Bishop, Ferran Mane
The Impacts Of School-Business Partnerships On The Early Labor-Market Success Of Students, John H. Bishop, Ferran Mane
John H Bishop
[Excerpt] This chapter examines the effects of improved signaling of student achievement in high school on the labor market success of recent high-school graduates. The chapter is organized into three sections. In the first section, we reproduce the argument that Bishop put forth in 1985 that better signaling of student achievement to employers would improve the quality of the jobs that recent high-school graduates could obtain and strengthen incentives to learn. In the second section, we analyze longitudinal data on eight graders in 1988 and attempt to measure the effect of school-employer partnerships on their subsequent success in the labor …
Student, Staff, And Employer Incentives For Improved Student Achievement And Work Readiness, John H. Bishop
Student, Staff, And Employer Incentives For Improved Student Achievement And Work Readiness, John H. Bishop
John H Bishop
“This article proposes a strategy for banishing mediocrity and building in its place an excellent American system of secondary education. Before a cure can be prescribed, however, a diagnosis must be made.”
Is The Test Score Decline Responsible For The Productivity Growth Decline?, John H. Bishop
Is The Test Score Decline Responsible For The Productivity Growth Decline?, John H. Bishop
John H Bishop
[Excerpt] The test score decline between 1967 and 1980 was large (about 1.25 grade-level equivalents) and historically unprecedented. New estimates of trend in academic achievement, of the effect of academic achievement on productivity and of trend in the quality of the work force are developed. They imply that if test scores had continued to grow after 1967 at the rate that prevailed in the previous quarter century, labor quality would now be 2.9 percent higher and 1987 GNP $86 billion higher.
High School Exit Examinations: When Do Learning Effects Generalize?, John H. Bishop
High School Exit Examinations: When Do Learning Effects Generalize?, John H. Bishop
John H Bishop
This paper reviews international and domestic evidence on the effects of three types of high school exit exam systems: voluntary curriculum-based external exit exams, universal curriculum-based external exit exam systems and minimum competency tests that must be passed to receive a regular high school diploma. The nations and provinces that use Universal CBEEES (and typically teacher grades as well) to signal student achievement have significantly higher achievement levels and smaller differentials by family background than otherwise comparable jurisdictions that base high stakes decisions on voluntary college admissions tests and/or teacher grades. The introduction of Universal CBEEES in New York and …
Some Thoughts On The Cost Effectiveness Of Graduate Education Subsidies, John H. Bishop
Some Thoughts On The Cost Effectiveness Of Graduate Education Subsidies, John H. Bishop
John H Bishop
[Excerpt] How much should doctorate training be subsidized? The answer proposed is, "Doctorate training should be subsidized to the extent and only to the extent that it produces externality or public benefits – i.e. benefits received by people other than the one receiving the diploma." This value judgment derives from three propositions: (1) In general, an adult knows better than anyone else what is best for himself; (2) the price (measured in both time and money) he is willing to pay for graduate education is the best measure of how much he values it relative to other offerings; and (3) …
The Effect Of National Standard And Curriculum-Based Exams On Achievement, John H. Bishop
The Effect Of National Standard And Curriculum-Based Exams On Achievement, John H. Bishop
John H Bishop
[Excerpt] Two presidents, the National Governors Association and numerous blue ribbon panels have called for the development of state or national content standards for core subjects and examinations that assess the achievement of these standards. The Competitiveness Policy Council, for example, advocates that "external assessments be given to individual students at the secondary level and that the results should be a major but not exclusive factor qualifying for college and better jobs at better wages (1993, p. 30)." It is claimed that curriculum-based external exit exam systems (CBEEEs) based on world class content standards will improve teaching and learning of …
In Search Of A Niche, John H. Bishop
In Search Of A Niche, John H. Bishop
John H Bishop
"As enrollment in secondary vocational education programs declines and employers re-evaluate the attributes needed for success in today’s job market, some observers of the U.S. education system have called for schools to limit – or even eliminate – the teaching of occupational skills. Does this mean employers don’t reward such training?"
The Role Of End-Of-Course Exams And Minimum Competency Exams In Standards-Based Reforms, John H. Bishop, Ferran Mane, Michael Bishop, Joan Moriarty
The Role Of End-Of-Course Exams And Minimum Competency Exams In Standards-Based Reforms, John H. Bishop, Ferran Mane, Michael Bishop, Joan Moriarty
John H Bishop
[Excerpt] Educational reformers and most of the American public believe that most teachers ask too little of their pupils. These low expectations, they believe, result in watered down curricula and a tolerance of mediocre teaching and inappropriate student behavior. The result is that the prophecy of low achievement becomes self-fulfilling. Although research has shown that learning gains are substantially larger when students take more demanding courses2, only a minority of students enroll in these courses. There are several reasons for this. Guidance counselors in many schools allow only a select few into the most challenging courses. While most schools give …
Vocational And Academic Education In High School: Complements Or Substitutes, Suk Kang, John H. Bishop
Vocational And Academic Education In High School: Complements Or Substitutes, Suk Kang, John H. Bishop
John H Bishop
[Excerpt] A number of blue ribbon-panels have called for increases in the number academic courses required for graduation from high school and for lengthening the school day and the school year. Most states have adopted the first of these recommendations but not the second. With the amount of time a student spends in school remaining constant, increases in the number of required academic courses force reductions elsewhere. Which activities should be reduced? Should the reduction be made in study halls, music and fine arts,physical education, and life skills courses or should it come in vocational education? The answer to this …
Making Vocational Education More Effective For At-Risk Youth, John H. Bishop
Making Vocational Education More Effective For At-Risk Youth, John H. Bishop
John H Bishop
"Occupationally specific vocational training pays off for disadvantaged students, but only if graduates work in the jobs they were trained for. Implication: Vocational educators must help make sure that the skills they teach are used."
Do Curriculum-Based External Exit Exam Systems Enhance Student Achievement?, John H. Bishop
Do Curriculum-Based External Exit Exam Systems Enhance Student Achievement?, John H. Bishop
John H Bishop
[Excerpt] It is claimed that 'curriculum-based external exit exam systems', CBEEES, based on world class content standards will improve teaching and learning of core subjects. What evidence is there for this claim? New York's Regents Exams are an example of such a system. Do New York students outperform students with similar socio-economic backgrounds from other states? Outside the United States such systems are the rule, not the exception. What impacts have such systems had on school policies, teaching and student learning?
The Impact Of Curriculum-Based External Examinations On School Priorities And Student Learning, John H. Bishop
The Impact Of Curriculum-Based External Examinations On School Priorities And Student Learning, John H. Bishop
John H Bishop
[Excerpt] The first major prediction of the theory is that an increase in the extrinsic rewards for learning will cause student effort and achievement to increase. The primary extrinsic reward for achievement in high school is a higher probability of completing college. Thus the extrinsic rewards for learning in high school depend on the size of the payoff to college and on how contingent college admissions decisions are on achievement in high school. Time series data suggests that changes in college selectivity and payoff may have contributed to the ups and downs of student achievement during the postwar period. The …
The Effect Of Curriculum-Based Exit Exam Systems On Student Achievement, John H. Bishop
The Effect Of Curriculum-Based Exit Exam Systems On Student Achievement, John H. Bishop
John H Bishop
[Excerpt] Two presidents, the National Governors Association and numerous blue ribbon panels have called for the development of state or national content standards for core subjects and examinations that assess the achievement of these standards. The Competitiveness Policy Council, for example, advocates that "external assessments be given to individual students at the secondary level and that the results should be a major but not exclusive factor qualifying for college and better jobs at better wages (1993, p. 30)." It is claimed that 'curriculum-based external exit exam systems', CBEEES, based on world class content standards will improve teaching and learning of …
Drinking From The Fountain Of Knowledge: Student Incentive To Study And Learn-Externalities, Information Problems And Peer Pressure, John H. Bishop
Drinking From The Fountain Of Knowledge: Student Incentive To Study And Learn-Externalities, Information Problems And Peer Pressure, John H. Bishop
John H Bishop
Students face four decision margins: (a) How many years to spend in school, (b) What to study. (c) How much effort to devote to learning per year and (d) Whether to disrupt or assist the learning of classmates. This paper reviews an emerging economic literature on the effects of and determinants of student effort and cooperativeness (c and d above) and how putting student motivation and behavior at center of one’s theoretical framework changes one’s view of how schools operate and how they might be made more effective. In this new framework students have a dual role. They are both …
Incentives For Learning: Why American High School Students Compare So Poorly To Their Counterparts Overseas, John H. Bishop
Incentives For Learning: Why American High School Students Compare So Poorly To Their Counterparts Overseas, John H. Bishop
John H Bishop
[Excerpt] The scientific and mathematical competence of American high school students is generally recognized to be very low. The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) reports that only 7.5 percent of 17 year old students can "integrate specialized scientific information" (NAEP 1988a p.51) and 6.4 percent "demonstrated the capacity to apply mathematical operations in a variety of problem settings." (NAEP 1988b p. 42) There is a large gap between the science and math competence of young Americans and their counterparts overseas. In the 1960s, the low ranking of American high school students in such comparisons was attributed to the fact …
Vocational Education And At-Risk Youth In The United States, John H. Bishop
Vocational Education And At-Risk Youth In The United States, John H. Bishop
John H Bishop
[Excerpt] Educationally disadvantaged youth in the United States have great difficulty finding steady jobs providing real training and advancement opportunities. In October 1994 only 43 percent of the young people who had dropped out of high school the previous year were employed. Of recent (previous spring) graduates who had not gone college, only 64 percent were employed (BLS 1995). Those who obtained employment accepted jobs paying 10 to 15 percent less than in 1980.
La Educación Secundaria En Los Estados Unidos. ¿Qué Pueden Aprender Otros De Nuestros Errores?, John H. Bishop, Ferran Mane, Michael Bishop
La Educación Secundaria En Los Estados Unidos. ¿Qué Pueden Aprender Otros De Nuestros Errores?, John H. Bishop, Ferran Mane, Michael Bishop
John H Bishop
[Excerpt] El ritmo de los estudiantes estadounidenses para adquirir nuevas habilidades se desacelera durante la educación secundaria.
Are There Instructional Differences Between Fulltime And Parttime Faculty?, R. Eric Landrum
Are There Instructional Differences Between Fulltime And Parttime Faculty?, R. Eric Landrum
R. Eric Landrum
Using data from 8 academic departments and 361 courses taught during a semester, I examined differences between fulltime and parttime faculty in the areas of general demographic variables, student evaluation of teaching outcomes, and the distribution of grades earned. I expected fulltime faculty to exhibit higher teaching evaluations and less lenient grade distributions, yet neither hypothesis was supported. However, substantial differences exist in the support mechanisms provided to parttime and fulltime faculty. These results are discussed in the context of a growing national reliance on parttime faculty, and the potential implications of this trend.
Expert Versus Novice Tutors: Impacts On Student Outcomes In Problem Based Learning, Heather Leary, Andrew Walker, Brett E. Shelton, M. Harrison Fitt
Expert Versus Novice Tutors: Impacts On Student Outcomes In Problem Based Learning, Heather Leary, Andrew Walker, Brett E. Shelton, M. Harrison Fitt
Heather Leary, Ph.D.
Problem based learning (PBL) is well known for the large amount of literature in Medical Education (Savery & Duffy, 1995). An essential part of PBL is the role of the tutor. With inconsistencies in the definition of an effective tutor, a systematic review of the literature in all disciplines is necessary. Meta-analysis (Cooper & Hedges, 1994) was used to investigate both content expertise and facilitator training of PBL tutors as moderators of student learning outcomes.
Reconstruction Of Variational Iteration Algorithms Using The Laplace Transform, Habibolla Latifizadeh
Reconstruction Of Variational Iteration Algorithms Using The Laplace Transform, Habibolla Latifizadeh
H. L. Zadeh
The variational iteration method is a very efficient tool for solving various kinds of nonlinear equations. The variational iteration algorithms are derived based on general Lagrange multipliers and variational theory, this paper suggests an alternative approach to derivation of the variational iteration formulations using the Laplace transform. Some illustrative examples are given to show the validity of this method.
An Evolving Service-Learning Model Of Critical Engagement For The Assessment-Phobic: Striving Towards Meaningful Growth Of Pedagogy And Program, Julia Van Der Ryn, Thomas Burke
An Evolving Service-Learning Model Of Critical Engagement For The Assessment-Phobic: Striving Towards Meaningful Growth Of Pedagogy And Program, Julia Van Der Ryn, Thomas Burke
Julia van der Ryn
No abstract provided.
Teaching English Vocabulary Through Latinate Word Parts To Undergraduate Students Learning English As A Foreign Language, Hayriye Karliova
Teaching English Vocabulary Through Latinate Word Parts To Undergraduate Students Learning English As A Foreign Language, Hayriye Karliova
Hayriye Karliova
How To Commit A Legal Rip-Off: Creative Commons, Anne M. Arendt
How To Commit A Legal Rip-Off: Creative Commons, Anne M. Arendt
Anne M Arendt
In order to not be plagiarizing materials, we need to ensure adequate copyright release and attribution for resources we use inside and outside the classroom. This presentation, instead of focusing on copyright issues and limitations, will focus on items placed in whole or in part into the public domain.
Developing Teamwork Skills Inside And Outside The Classroom, Richard Hicks, Andrew Leicester
Developing Teamwork Skills Inside And Outside The Classroom, Richard Hicks, Andrew Leicester
Andrew Leicester
In many professional and managerial areas interpersonal and teamwork skilIs are essential competencies which help deliver effectiveness in practice. Yet many tertiary programs fail to give extensive training in these skills. One program which gives such emphasis is the postgraduate project management course conducted at the Queensland University of Technology. This article indicates the balance given in training both to the academic requirements and to the development of "the reflective practitioner" approach in the project management learning context. Reference is made in particular to the program of in-class experiential and self-development exercises and to the off-campus wilderness and action-adventure camps …
Building Community Relationships Through Collaboration, Sherwood Thompson
Building Community Relationships Through Collaboration, Sherwood Thompson
Sherwood Thompson
No abstract provided.
Exploring Social Studies Through Multicultural Literature: Legend Of The St. Ann’S Flood, Sara Winstead Fry
Exploring Social Studies Through Multicultural Literature: Legend Of The St. Ann’S Flood, Sara Winstead Fry
Sara Winstead Fry
The search for literature that is high quality, high interest, written at age-appropriate levels for adolescent readers, addresses social studies topics, and presents multicultural perspectives can be daunting. Legend of the St Ann’s Flood is a novel that meets all of these goals. Its setting in Trinidad and Tobago provides the opportunity for students to learn about a country and region that are frequently overlooked in social studies curriculum in the United States. This article provides historical and cultural background information about Trinidad and Tobago, an overview of the novel, and specific teaching suggestions that integrate reading and writing into …
Using Open Educational Resources In The Basic Composition Classroom, Anne M. Arendt
Using Open Educational Resources In The Basic Composition Classroom, Anne M. Arendt
Anne M Arendt
A 90 minute presentation was given in a lab setting for the TYCA West Conference (http://tycawest.org/) entitled Point and Counterpoint Converging Fugues within Composition and Community. This is the document that was given during this presentation.