Education Commons^™

The Growing Need For A Unified Biopsychosocial Approach In Mental Health Care, Timothy Melchert

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

Psychology has been remarkably successful as a scientific discipline and field of clinical practice. Despite its remarkable growth, however, the field has also experienced substantial conflict and controversy. There has been great diversity in the approaches counselors and psychologists have used to understand development, psychopathology, and the goals and processes of psychotherapy. This has led to large numbers of conflicts and controversies that have distracted the field from its primary purposes. A biopsychosocial approach has the potential to bring the field together around a unified science-based framework for understanding mental health practice that will avoid these conflicts.

Conceptual Skills Needed For Evidence-Based Practice Of Psychotherapy, Kenneth L. Critchfield, Sarah Knox

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

The Use Of Dreams In Modern Psychotherapy, Clara E. Hill, Sarah Knox

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

We review theories of dream work. We also review the empirical research about how dreams are used in psychotherapy, as well as the process and outcome of different models of dream work. Finally, we review how dream content can be used to understand client, the role of culture in dream work, client and therapist dreams about each other, and training therapists to do dream work.

Are We “Reading The World”? A Review Of Multicultural Literature On Globalization, Melissa L. Gibson

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

Given its commitment to “reading” the social context, how is multicultural education accounting for the shifting context of our globalized world? A conceptual review of multicultural journals reveals limited engagement. However, a more sustained analysis could fuel re-articulations and contestations of the purpose of education in the 21st century.

Race, Power, And (In)Equity Within Two-Way Immersion Settings, Martin Scanlan, Deborah Palmer

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

Two-way immersion schools provide a promising model for service delivery to students who are English language learners. With the goals of bilingualism, academic excellence, and cross cultural appreciation, these schools are designed to build bridges across linguistically heterogeneous student bodies. Yet while empirical evidence demonstrates that the two-way immersion model can be effective in these regards, we know little about how such schools address other dimensions of diversity, including race, ethnicity, class, and disability. This study contributes to filling this gap by critically analyzing these dimensions in the areas of recruitment and retention in two two-way immersion schools.

Catholic Institutions Of Higher Education And K-12 Schools Partnering For Social Justice: A Call For Scholarship, Joan Whipp, Martin Scanlan

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

This article calls for scholarship on emerging partnerships between Catholic institutions of higher education and Catholic K-12 schools that aim at socially just schooling. Justice, ethical care, learning, and social entrepreneurship are explored as possible conceptual frameworks for this research.

Learning From The Past And Looking To The Future: A Conversation Between Pamela Tate And Robert Deahl About The Past 35 Years In Adult Learning, Pamela Tate, Robert Deahl, Rebecca Klein-Collins

College of Professional Studies Faculty Research and Publications

None Provided

Behavior Problems In Toddlers With And Without Developmental Delays: Comparison Of Treatment Outcomes, Casey A. Holtz, Jennifer M. Carrasco, Ryan Mattek, Robert A. Fox

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of an in-home parent management program for toddlers with behavior problems and developmental delays by comparing outcomes for a group of toddlers with developmental delays (n = 27) and a group of toddlers without developmental delays (n = 27). The majority of children lived in single parent, low-income homes. Results suggest that the parent management program is equally effective for children with and without developmental delays. Parents from both groups reported clinically significant improvement in their children's behavior and parenting practices. Clinical implications regarding the importance of these …

Treatment Outcomes For Toddlers With Behaviour Problems From Families In Poverty, Robert A. Fox, Casey A. Holtz

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

Background. Relatively few treatment studies address mental health issues in very young children. This study examined the effectiveness of a treatment program for toddlers whose behavior problems were further complicated by living in poverty.

Method. An empirically-validated treatment program was adapted for use in the homes of 102 toddlers for an average of 12 weekly sessions.

Results. Significant improvements were found for the children’s behavior problems and their compliance to parent requests.

Discussion. The inherent challenges in working with at-risk families and the challenges in delivering mental health services for very young children living in poverty are discussed.

Clients' Experiences Giving Gifts To Therapists, Sarah Knox, Robert Dubois, Jacquelyn Smith, Shirley A. Hess, Clara E. Hill

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

Nine therapy clients were interviewed regarding their experiences of giving gifts to therapists. Data were analyzed using consensual qualitative research. In describing a specific event when they gave a gift that was accepted, participants described having a good relationship with the therapist and usually identified their therapy concerns as relationship or family struggles or both. Most bought a relatively inexpensive gift they thought their therapist would like and gave it during a nontermination session to express appreciation or mark an important life event. Most participants acknowledged mixed emotions when giving the gift and noted that any discussion of the gift …

Investigating Primary Source Literacy, Joanne Archer, Ann Hanlon, Jennie A. Levine

Library Faculty Research and Publications

Primary source research requires students to acquire specialized research skills. This paper presents results from a user study testing the effectiveness of a Web guide designed to convey the concepts behind “primary source literacy”. The study also evaluated students’ strengths and weaknesses when conducting primary source research.

Reducing Educational Barriers In Catholic Schools For Latino Students, Martin Scanlan

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Qualitative Research Interviews, Sarah Knox, Alan W. Burkard

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

After presenting a brief overview of the complexity of the qualitative interviewing process used by psychotherapy researchers, the authors discuss some of the major ideas that psychotherapy researchers using such interviews must consider both before and during the interview process. They then offer thoughts regarding approaches to strengthen qualitative interviews themselves.

Moral, Legal, And Functional Dimensions Of Inclusive Service Delivery In Catholic Schools, Martin Scanlan

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

Catholic school educators are morally compelled by Catholic social teaching to foster inclusive service delivery for students who have traditionally been marginalized in schools, including students in poverty, students of color, English language learners, and students with special needs. This article applies this moral context to analyze the legal obligations of Catholic schools under Section 504 to serve students with special needs. It argues that as Catholic schools follow Catholic social teaching by developing inclusive service delivery to meet students ' special needs, their legal obligations grow. The article concludes by describing the learning consultant model, a system of service …

Cognitive And Social Help Giving In Online Teaching: An Exploratory Study, Joan Whipp, Rebecca A. Lorentz

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

While literature suggests that college students may be less reluctant to seek help in online rather than traditional courses, little is known about how online instructors give help in ways that lead to increased student help seeking and academic success. In this study, we used theories and research on learning assistance and scaffolding, teacher immediacy, social presence, and academic help seeking to explore through a cross-case study design how three online instructors differed in their use of cognitive and social supports and how those differences related to student perceptions of support, help seeking, and performance. Primary data sources included all …

The Co-Principalship: An Alternative To The Traditional Principalship, Ellen Eckman, Sheryl Talcott Kelber

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

According to Spillane (2006), distributed leadership occurs when leadership functions are shared by a number of people in an organization or team with "leadership" emerging from the interactions within the group. [...] although the co-principal model is in practice in schools internationally, the participants in this study were principals and co-principals in schools within the United States.

A Community-Based Accommodation Program For Adults With Autism And Mental Retardation, Robert A. Fox, Casey A. Holtz, Amie M. Moist

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

There is a paucity of treatment literature for significant and intractable behavior problems in adults with autism and mental retardation. Four adults with autism, severe to profound mental retardation, and serious, long-term behavior problems participated in an accommodation training program as an adjunct to more traditional behavioral and medical treatments. The accommodation program consisted of designing highly structured and predictable daily routines to reduce the impact of environmental factors that had previously resulted in behavior problems. Following three to six years of participation in the accommodation program, a significant treatment effect size was obtained for all participants. The benefits of …

Developmental Considerations And Acculturation Of Children: Measures And Issues, Francesca Lopez

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

This article presents the secondary validation of the Brief Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans-II (Brief ARSMA-II) for use with children—carried out using two samples of Mexican-descent children (ages = 9-11) from two states ( N = 295). The Brief ARSMA-II was originally normed on adolescents and adults but has been validated and used with children. Ethnic identity development perspectives suggest that the interpretation of scores derived from acculturation measures normed on adolescents and adults may not extend accurately to children. Convergent validity and differential discrimination between groups were examined using scores on the Brief ARSMA-II; scores on an acculturation …

An Exploration Of The Impact Of An Online Mba Course On Intercultural Sensitivity Development, Suzanne Scaffidi Warell

Dissertations (1934 -)

While research on online MBA courses is growing rapidly, teaching specific skills using online delivery formats is a relatively new stream of research in graduate business education. In this study, adult learning methods such as experiential activities, discussion, teamwork, and action learning were used in a seven-week online MBA course to explore in what ways intercultural sensitivity could be developed. A two-trial, pretest-posttest research mixed methods design was implemented in the summers of 2004 and 2005 at a Midwestern Jesuit university.

Quantitative and qualitative data were gathered and analyzed from thirty-eight participants (N=38). First, quantitative analysis of pretest-posttest scores from …

Processing The Therapeutic Relationship, Clara E. Hill, Sarah Knox

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

The authors propose that if therapists and clients process their therapeutic relationship (i.e., directly address in the here and now feelings about each other and about the inevitable problems that emerge in the therapy relationship), feelings will be expressed and accepted, problems will be resolved, the relationship will be enhanced, and clients will transfer their learning to other relationships outside of therapy. The authors review theories supporting the idea of processing the therapeutic relationship, discuss the relevant empirical literature in this area, and provide their conceptualization of the construct of processing the therapeutic relationship based on the theory and empirical …

Validity And Reliability Of The Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual Working Alliance Self-Efficacy Scales, Alan W. Burkard, Nathan Pruitt, Barbara R. Medler, Ann M. Stark-Booth

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

In this paper, the authors report on the development and initial psychometric evaluation of the Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Working Alliance Self-Efficacy Scales (LGB-WASES) with data collected from two studies and 534 counseling trainees. Exploratory factor analysis results yielded a 32-item scale with a three-factor model (a) Emotional Bond, (b) Establishing Tasks, and (c) Setting Goals. LGB-WASES scores were internally consistent and remained stable over a 3-week period. Construct validity evidence suggests the LGB-WASES scores were (a) positively related to general perceptions of counseling self-efficacy and multicultural counseling competency, (b) negatively related to attitudes toward lesbians and gay men, and …

Closing The Achievement Gap: A Social Justice Imperative For School Counseling, Alan W. Burkard, Michael J. Martinez, Casey A. Holtz

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Lesbian, Gay, And Bisexual Supervisees’ Experiences Of Lgb-Affirmative And Nonaffirmative Supervision, Alan W. Burkard, Sarah Knox, Shirley A. Hess, Jill Schultz

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) supervisees were interviewed regarding their experiences of LGB affirmative and nonaffirmative supervision. Supervisees were asked to describe one of each type of event (i.e., affirmative, nonaffirmative) from their past supervision. In LGB-affirmative supervision, all supervisees felt supported in their LGB-affirmative work with clients. Supervisees perceived that the affirming events also positively affected the supervision relationship, client outcomes, and themselves as supervisees. In LGB nonaffirming supervision, supervisees perceived supervisors to be biased or oppressive toward supervisees’ clients or themselves on the basis of LGB concerns or identity. From supervisees’ perspectives, the nonaffirming events negatively affected the …

Toddlers With Developmental Delays And Challenging Behaviors, Kathryn M. Keller, Robert A. Fox

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

Behavior problems and parental expectations and practices were studied in a sample of 58 toddlers with developmental disabilities who were consecutively referred to a mental health clinic. The majority of children (70.7%) exceeded the clinical cut-off score for significant behavior problems including tantrums, aggression, defiance, and hyperactivity, and 77.6% met the DSM-IV criteria for a psychiatric diagnosis with oppositional defiant disorder being the most common. Consistent with previous research, child behavior problems were related to parental use of verbal and corporal punishment and were detrimental to the quality of the parent-child relationship. A new finding was that parental expectations also …

Exploring Students' Perceptions Of Academically Based Living-Learning Communities, Matthew R. Wawrzynski, Jody E. Jessup-Anger, Katherine Stolz, Cynthia Helman, Jacqueline Beaulieu

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

This qualitative study employed focus group interviews to explore students' perceptions of three well established academically based living-learning communities at a large, land-grant university in the Midwest. Three themes emerged that illustrated students' perceptions of a culture that promoted seamless learning, a scholarly environment, and an ethos of relatedness among faculty, staff, and peers. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.

A Brief Version Of The Family Background Questionnaire, Timothy P. Melchert, Augustine Kalemeera

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

Although it is lengthy. the Family Background Questionnaire provides reliable behaviorally specific family history information. Results from reliability and validity analyses suggest that a brief version of this instrument that assesses parental responsiveness, child maltreatment, and parental substance abuse would provide a useful screening instrument for obtaining family history information.

Positive Psychology Within A Cultural Context, Jennifer Teramoto Pedrotti, Lisa M. Edwards, Shane J. Lopez

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

As our capacity for communication with nations across the globe increases through the advances of technology, our interactions with others with different worldviews also become more frequent. This exposure to diversity on so many levels requires a better understanding of the multiple contexts in which people from different cultural backgrounds live and the strengths they possess that help them experience well-being. In order to define the characteristics that my be viewed as strengths in different groups, we must make efforts to remember that cultural rules and norms often dictate what can be called a strength versus a weakness. It is …

Promoting Hope: Suggestions For School Counselors, Jennifer Teramoto Pedrotti, Lisa M. Edwards, Shane J. Lopez

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

School counselors need multiple resources to assist today's students in developing to their fullest potential. This development might often be measured outwardly by academic success; however, psychological and emotional well-being of students is a large part of this success. The construct of hope is defined as a bidimensional characteristic consisting of an agency component (willpower to move toward one's goals) and a pathways component (ability to develop multiple routes to one's goals) and has been linked to academic success, athletic performance, psychological adjustment, and physical health in students (Snyder et al., 1991). Helping school counselors to enhance individual strengths through …

Parenting Latino Toddlers And Preschoolers: Clinical And Nonclinical Samples, Marie E. Perez, Robert A. Fox

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

Parenting practices contribute significantly to the social-emotional development of young children. There is limited literature that addresses the role of culture in parenting, particularly among Latino families who have very young children with significant behavior problems. The current study compared the parenting practices of 30 low-income Latino mothers whose young children had been referred for mental health services for their behavior problems with a similar group of 30 mothers of children without behavior problems. Results showed that mothers in the clinical sample nurtured their children less often and used more frequent verbal and corporal punishment as discipline than the nonclinical …

Positive Affect And Adjustment To Perceived Racism, Anthony D. Ong, Lisa M. Edwards

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

This research provided the first empirical investigation of the role of positive affect in moderating the relationship between perceived racism and depressive symptoms. A sample of 215 racial and ethnic minority young adults completed measures of perceived racism, daily race–related stress, positive affect, optimism, and depressive symptoms. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that positive affect and perceived racism accounted for a significant portion of the variance in depressive symptoms. Most notably, above and beyond the effects of optimism, positive affect interacted with perceived racism to weaken its influence on depression. Implications for future research directions that build on these initial findings …